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1、 英语语法专项 之 状语从句 1. 时间状语从句2. 条件状语从句3. 原因状语从句4. 结果状语从句5. 比较状语从句6. 目的状语从句7. 让步状语从句8. 地点状语从句用来修饰主句中的动词,副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。根据其含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句,地点状语从句,条件状语从句, 原因状语从句,结果状语从句,比较状语从句,目的状语从句,让步状语从句。各类状语从句连接词(短语)一览表: 时间 when
2、, while, as, as soon as, since, until, after, before,as long as(长达之久) 条件 if, unless,as/so long as(只要) 原因 as, because, since,as/so long as(既然,因为) 地点
3、160;where 目的 so that(为了), in order that 结果 so that(方便), sothat, suchthat 让步 though, although, even if, however 方式 as 比较 than, (not
4、)asas1. 时间状语从句时间状语从句 常见的从属连词有:(注意其汉语意义) when, while, as, before, after, since, until (till) once as soon as, the moment, the minute, immediately, directly, each/every time, the
5、60;first time, the last time, next time, by the time, whenever等。例如: every/each time i was in trouble, he would come to my help. i thought her nice and
6、60;honest the first time i met her. 注意:(1)when, while, as的区别: 1)when引导从句时,主从句的动作有先有后,也可以同时进行,从句的动作可以是持续性的,也可以是短暂的。如: when i got to the airport, the plane had already taken
7、off. (主先从后)(短暂性) when i lived there, i used to go to the seaside on sundays. (同时) (持续性) when the movie ended, the people went back. (从先主后) 2)while侧重主从句动
8、作的对比,且从句的动词必须是持续性的。如: while we were chatting she was looking at the time table on the wall 3)as引导从句时侧重主从句动作同时或几乎同时进行,从句的动作可以是持续性的,也可以是短暂的。如: sometimes i watch tv as i am
9、60;having breakfast 4)when和while还可以是并列连词,意思分别是“就在这时”,“然而”。如: i was having a rest on the sofa when the telephone rang they were surprised that a child should work out
10、160;the problem while they couldnt . 注:并列连词when常用与以下句型中: was/were doingwhen(正在做突然) was/were about to dowhen(刚要做突然)was/were on the point of doingwhen(刚要做突然) had just donew
11、hen.(刚一就) hardly/scarcely haddonewhen(刚一就) (2)before引导从句时,词义非常灵活,注意下列句子中的before的词义: 1.before i could get in a word, the tailor had measured me.(还没来得及就) 2.we hadnt run a m
12、ile before he felt tired.(还没就) 3.we had sailed 4 days before we saw land.(才) 4.please write it down before you forget it.(趁还没就) (3)till (until) 和nottill (unt
13、il) 1) till (until):主句谓语动词必须是持续性的,意思是“到为止“如: he remained there till/until she arrived. 2) nottill (until): 主句谓语动词必须是短暂性的,意思是“直到才”如: she wont go to bed till/until he return
14、s home. 3) notuntil还有强调式和倒装式: 强调句:it is not until he returns home that she will go to bed. 倒装句:not until he returns home will she go to bed.
15、 (4)几个极易混淆的时间状语从句: 1) it was +时间点+when(当的时候时间是) it was 5 am when we arrived at the village. 2) it was/will be+时间段+before(没过就过了才) it was/will be two we
16、eks before we met/meet again.3) it is /has been +时间段+since(自从以来有) it is/has been 3 years since we last met. 突破点:一看be动词的时态,二看时间段还是时间点。 注意:在“it is /has been +时间段+si
17、nce”句型中,从句的动词必须是短暂性的,如果是延续性的动词,时间要从从句的动作结束时算起。如: it is 3 years since i smoked.( 我戒烟有三年了) 补充:as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner
18、than, hardly/scarcely.when.和once这些从属连接词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生,主句的动作随即就发生,常译为“一就”。从句中一般时态代替将来时态。 every time, each time, next time, the first time, any time, all the time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句,表示“每当.,每次.;下次”等。 1. it
19、60;was quiet _ those big trucks started coming through the town. a. before b. after c. until d. unless 2. it seemed only seconds _ the boy finished washin
20、g his face. a. when b. before c. after d. even if 3. hardly had he reached the school gate _ the bell rang. a. while b. when c. as d. as soo
21、n as 4.we were told that we should follow the main road _ we reached the central railway station. a. whenever b. until c. while
22、; d. wherever 5. i recognized you _ i saw you at the airport. a. the moment b. while c. after d. once 6. he was about to go to bed _ t
23、he doorbell rang. a. while b. as c. before d. when 7._i listen to your advice, i get into trouble. a. every time b. when c. while d. until 8. _ j
24、ohn was watching tv, his wife was cooking. a. as b. as soon as c. while d. till 9. the children ran away from the orchard(果园) _ they saw the guard.
25、60;a. the moment b. after c. before d. as 10. no sooner had i arrived home _ it began to rain. a. when b. while c. as d. than 11. several weeks
26、160;had gone by _ i realized the painting was missing. a. as b. before c. since d. when 12. it _ long before we _ the result
27、0;of the experiment. a. will not be; will know b. is; will know c. will not be know d. is; know 13. what was the party lik
28、e? -wonderful. its years _ i enjoyed myself so much. a. after b. before c. when d. since 14. the new secretary is supposed
29、60;to report to the manager as soon as she_. a. will arrive b. arrives c. is going to arrive d. is arriving 15. _ got into the room
30、0;_ the telephone rang. a. he hardly had; then b. hardly had he; when c. he had not; then d. not had he; when 16. no sooner had
31、160;he finished his talk _ he was surrounded by the workers. a. as b. then c. than d. when 17. did you remember to give mary the money you
32、0;owed her? -yes, i gave it to her _ i saw her. a. while b. the moment c. suddenly d. once 18. i thought her nice and honest _ i met
33、 her. a. first time b. for the first time c. the first time d. by the first time 19. he will have learned english for eight years by the&
34、#160;time he _ from the university next year. a. will graduate b. will have graduated c. graduates d. is to graduate 20. the moment the 28th olympic
35、0;games _ open, the whole world cheered. a. declared b. have been declared c. have declared d. were declared 答案:cbbba dacad bcdbb cbccd2
36、. 条件状语从句条件状语从句 引导词:if(如果) ,unless(除非), in case(以防) 时态:主将从现(可能会发生的事情) 主现从现(肯定会发生/祈使句) 1.if引导的条件状语从句,可位于前面或后面,但是如果放在后面,主从句用逗号隔开。 引导条件状语从句最常用的连词是if,常见的if条件状语从句表示在某条件下,某事很可能发生,条件是可能存在的,主句中某种情况发
37、生的概率也是很高的。如: if you ask him,he will help you如果你请他帮忙,他会帮你的。 if you fail in the exam,you will let him down如果你考试不及格,你会让他失望的。 if you have finished the homework, you
38、160;can go home如果你作业做完了就可以回家了。 另外,if从句还表示不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件,也就是一种虚拟的条件或假设。从句多用一般过去时或过去完成时,表示对现在或过去的一种假设。如: if i were you,i would invite him to the party如果我是你,我会邀请他参加聚会。 i would have arrived mu
39、ch earlier if i had not been caught in the traffic要不是交通堵塞,我本会来得早一些。 另外你还要注意if 条件句的时态搭配 1if从句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时 if he runs hell get there in time. 如果他用跑的,他就会及时赶到那儿。 the cat
40、will scratch you if you pull her tail. 如果你拉猫的尾巴,它就会抓你。 2if从句用一般现在时,主句用may/might/can if the fog gets thicker the plane may/might be diverted. 如果雾在大一些,飞机可能就会改在别的机场降落。 if it stops sno
41、wing we can go out. 如果雪停了,我们就可以出去。 3if从句用一般现在时,主句用must/should if you want to lose weight you must/should eat less bread. 如果你想减肥,你必须少吃面包。 4if从句用一般现在时,主句用一般现在时 if you heat ice it
42、0;turns to water. (也可用will turn)如果把冰加热,它就会化成水。 5if从句用现在进行时,主句用一般将来时 if you are looking for peter youll find him upstairs. 如果你是在找彼得,上楼就会找到他。 6if从句用现在完成时,主句用一般将来时 if you have finished dinner
43、160;ill ask the waiter for the bill. 如果你吃完了,我就叫服务生来算账 注意 : 学习" if " 引导的条件状语从句的用法,现在总结一下: if 条件句不一般,几个要点记心间; 条件句,放在前,逗号要放句中间。
44、160; 条件句表可能,主句多用将来时; 条件句表事实,主句常用现在时。 在 if 引导的条件状语从句中,如果从句谈论的是一个有可能发生的事实及其产生的相关的结果,主句用一般将来时态,从句用一般现在时态。如: we can walk there if we can't find a bus .
45、60; if it rains tomorrow ,we will not go to the zoo. what will you do if you find a panda in danger.
46、 如果 if 条件句谈论的是重复发生和预示要发生的情景和事件,则主从句大多用一般现在时态。如: if bears are in danger ,they attack people. 在 if 引导的条件状语从句中,if 和条件句位置灵活,可直接放在主句后面,若 if 条件句放句首, 从句后面要加逗号,和主句隔开。还要注意前后时态一致
47、原则 if 条件状语从句的时态练习 一在正确的答案下划一条线。 1.daina ( will go/go/goes) to europe if she (will pass/pass/passes) the exams . 2. the graduates (will teach/teach/teaches) in the
48、;poor village if the ministry of education (will agree/ agree/agrees) soon. 3. if there (will be/ are/is) a car accident, they (will call/call/calls) 110 for help at
49、;once. 4. if it (wont/dont/doesnt/ isnt) rainy, we (will take/ take/takes) walk outside. 5. if a ufo (will land/land/lands) in front of me, i (will go/go/goes) in to
50、 look for the alien. 6. if he (will have/have/has) money, he (will bulid/build/builds) a science lab. 7.dont wait for me if i (am/ will be) late. 8.they (wont/d
51、ont) go to the beach if it (will rain/rain /rains). 9. i (will call/ call) you if he (will stay/stay /stays) at home. 10. mr smith (will let/ let/lets) you
52、 know if he (will need/ need/ needs) help. 11. (will / do/ does) he visit the museum if he (wont / dont/ doesnt) get tired? 12. where (will/ do/does)
53、 they live if they (will miss/ miss/ misses) the bus? 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1.if you _(feel) tired, you _ (have) to have a rest. 2. where _ he _(see) the film
54、;if he _(have) time? 3. if there _(be) fewer trees, there _( be) more pollution. 4. he _(dress) more casually if he _( not work) on weekends. 5. if m
55、arcia _(live) alone, she _( keep) a pet parrot. 6. lana _( buy) a new dress if the old one _(be) out of style. 7.the twins _(fight) if they_(argue). 8.
56、0;i _(have) a bake sale if i _(need) money for education. 9. peter _( send) me a beautiful souvenir if he _(tour) spain. 10. if mr green _(say) i am h
57、ard- working, my parents _( feel) glad. 11.i _(go) to the beach if it_ ( not rain) this wee 12. _they _( have) a match if the p.e. teacher _(be) busy?
58、 13.he _(write) a letter to his grandparents if he _(get) his report card this week. 14. if she _(get) up late, she _ ( not catch) the early bus. 15.&
59、#160;peter _(major) in english if he _(pass) the exams in peking university. 15.如果他到的晚了会发生什么事情?what _ if he _ late? 16. 如果努力学习,你就会取得好成绩。 if you_ _, you _ good _.
60、60;17. 他如果看电视太久了,他的父母会不高兴。 if he _ tv too much, his parents _ _ unhappy. 18. 如果我们为他组织生日聚会,大家都会来的。 everyone _ if we _ a birthday party _ him. 19. 如果明天不下雨,我会和你一
61、起去公园的。 if it _ _ tomorrow, i _ go to the park _ you. 20. 如果她睡过头了,就会旅游迟到的。 she;_ the trip if she _. 21. 如果他有空,他会帮助你的。 if he _, he _
62、 you. 22. 如果tom考试不及格,他就没有机会上高中了。 tom _have the _to go to the _high school if he _ the exams. 23. 你如果抄同学的作业就不能学好各门功课。 you _ _ good at all the subjects if yo
63、u _ the other students homework. .单项选择(15分) 1.if you _ to the party, youll have a great time. a. will go b. went c. go d. going 2. it
64、60;will be a long time _ peter _ his work. a. since, has finished b. after, finishes c. when, will finish d. before, finishes. 3. wha
65、t will father _ us from japan? a. take b. bring c. carry d. make 4. weifang is famous _ kites. a. for b. to c
66、. on d. with 5 i _ her the answer if she _me. a. can tell, will ask b. will tell, will ask c. would tell, ask d.
67、;will tell, asks 6. what are you going to do tomorrow? -well go to the library tomorrow if it _. a. isnt rain b. rain c. wont rai
68、n d. doesnt rain 7.do you know when he will come back tomorrow? -sorry, i dont know. when he _ back, ill tell you. a. comes b. will come
69、 c. come d. may come 8. what will you do if you _ to the old folks home visit? a. go b. went c.going d. will
70、160;go 9. if i eat _ food, ill be very fat. a. too many b. many too c. too much d. much too 10. ill give the book to him
71、;if he _ here next sunday. a. will come b. comes c. is coming d. came 11. there _an english film in our school tomorrow. a. is
72、160;going to have b. will have c. is going to be d. has 12. could you tell us where _? a. will the next olympic games held
73、b. the next olympic games will be held c. would the next olympic games be held d. the next olympic games would be held 13. when my mother returned la
74、st night, i _ a book. a. read b. am reading c. was reading d. am going to read 14.what _ you _ when it began to rain?
75、a. do, do b. were, doing c. are, doing d. did, do 15. ill wake you up when he _back. a. will b. is going to come c. co
76、mes d. come 1-5 cdbad 6-10 daacb 11-15 cbcbce.g.i will call you if i come. 或 if i come, i will come.(主将从现) 如果明天不
77、下雨,我们将去野炊。_ if you drop the vase,it falls into pieces.(主现从现) 如果你摔花瓶的话,它就会变成碎片。 如果你把水冷却的话,它就会变成冰。_ if you have any problems,please call me. 如果你知道答案,请举手。 _ 2.unless引导的条件状语从
78、句,位置和if引导的一样。 unless=if.not e.g. if you don't study hard,you will not pass the exam. =unless you study hard,you will not pass the exam. 除非你努力工作,否则你不会得到高工资。(high
79、160;salary)。 _ _ 3.条件状语从句和祈使句之间的转换。 结构:祈使句,and/or +从句 (and:那么 or否则) 1.) work hard,and you will get a high salary. =if you work
80、 hard, you will get a high salary. 2.)work hard,or you will not get a high salary. =unless you work hard, you will not g
81、et a high salary. =if you don't work hard, you will not get a high salary. 练习 一在正确的答案下划一条线。 1.daina ( will go/go/goes)&
82、#160;to europe if she (will pass/pass/passes) the exams . 2. the graduates (will teach/teach/teaches) in the poor village if the ministry of education (will agree/ agree/agree
83、s) soon. 3. if there (will be/ are/is) a car accident, they (will call/call/calls) 110 for help at once. 4. if it (wont/dont/doesnt/ isnt) rainy, we (will take/
84、;take/takes) walk outside. 5. if a ufo (will land/land/lands) in front of me, i (will go/go/goes) in to look for the alien. 6. if he (will have/have/has) money,
85、;he (will bulid/build/builds) a science lab.3. 原因状语从句a、引导原因状语从句的连词 原因状语从句一般由从属连词because, as, since,now that引导。 b、because, as, since和now that的区别: 1、because“因为”,表示直接的原因,语气最强。 1)why提问的句子,必须用because回答。 2)bec
86、ause的从句常放在主句之后。 3)because 不能与so连用。 4)because+ 从句;because of+ 名词短语 i missed the train because i got up late. he was angry not because we were late but because we made
87、 a noise. -why didnt he come yesterday? -because he was ill. because和so不能同用在一个句子里。注意: “not . because”结构中的not否定的是because引导的整个从句, 例如: the country is not strong because it is
88、60;large. 国强不在大。2、as“因为”,语气较弱,一般放在主句前,中间用逗号隔开,表示的是明显的原因。 as he was not well, i decided to go there without him. as it was raining hard, we had to be indoors. 3、since/ now
89、;that“既然”,一般放在主句前,中间用逗号隔开,表示的是明显的原因或众所周知的事实。 since/ now that this method doesnt work, lets try another. since/ now that you feel ill, you'd better not go to work. c、for 引导的并列句与
90、原因状语从句的辨析 并列连词for“因为”,引导的不是从句,而是并列分句,只能放在主句之后,不能放在句首,常用逗号把它和前面的分句隔开。对主句补充说明理由或推断原因。 it rained last night, for the ground is wet. she must have gone out early, fo
91、r she had not come for breakfast. exercise: 一、填入恰当的连词 1. i didnt go to school yesterday _ i was ill. 2. _ everybody is here, lets begin our meeting.
92、 3. _ you are in poor health, you should not stay up late. 4. i asked her to stay to tea, _ i had something to tell her. 5. _ all the p
93、assengers are here, why dont we start at once? 6. bill wont make any progress _ he doesnt study harder than before. 7. he might have gone to bed, _ th
94、e light went out. 二、 改写句子,保持句意不变 1) the ship changed its course because there was a storm. the ship changed its course _ _ _ _. 2) because he&
95、#160;was ill, he didnt go to school. he was ill, _ he didnt go to school. 3) he couldn't walk because his leg was broken. he couldn't walk _
96、 _ his _ leg. 4) i came back because it was raining heavily. i came back _ _ the _ rain.三、回家作业: 一、填入恰当的连词 1. _ you do not understand, i wi
97、ll explain again. 2. _ jane was the oldest in this family, she had to look after the others. 3. he must be ill, _ he is absent today. 4. the teac
98、her must be strict with you _they want you to make great progress. 5. _your father is well again, you no longer have anything to worry about. 6. the day
99、60;breaks, _the birds are singing. 7. _ you are ill, youd better go to see the doctor. 8. _ she was late for class, she had to say sorry. 二、 选择恰当的答案
100、160;1. the man cant get on the bus _ there is no room on it. a. though b. because c. until d so that 2. _ her&
101、#160;daughter hadnt come back, _ she looked worried. a. because, / b. because, so c. though, but d. though, / 3._ youve got a chance
102、, you might make full use of it. a. now that b. after c. although d. as soon as 4. he found it difficult to read,
103、160;_ his eyesight was beginning to fail. a. and b. for c. but d. or 5. a man cannot smile like a child, _ a
104、child smiles with his eyes, while a man smiles with his lips alone. a. so b. but c. and d. for原因状语从句练习题 i. 在下列句子的空格中填入适当的连词(
105、每空一词): 1. _ jane was the eldest, she looked after the others.2. _ you know it, i won't repeat it. 3. he didn't hear the knock at the door _
106、160;he was listening to the radio. 4. why didn't you come? _ my father wouldn't let me. 5. _ _ everybody is here, let's begin the disc
107、ussion. ii. 句型转换(把下列复合句转换为简单句): i)把从句简化为 because of 结构: 1. he lay in bed because he had caught a bad cold. 2. he couldn't walk because his leg was broken. &
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