阅读理解专题一(猜词)

1、阅读理解专题阅读理解专题 一一考纲考纲对考察学生阅读能力的要求对考察学生阅读能力的要求 201120121.理解主旨要义理解主旨要义122.理解文中具体信息理解文中具体信息13133.根据上下文推断生词的词义根据上下文推断生词的词义114.做出判断和推理做出判断和推理425.理解文章的基本结构理解文章的基本结构006.理解作者的意图、观点和态度理解作者的意图、观点和态度12阅读理解到底考查什么？阅读理解到底考查什么？阅读理解考题特点：阅读理解考题特点：1）文章篇幅长度约）文章篇幅长度约350词左右，共计四篇。词左右，共计四篇。2）生词一般有中文提示，但只给出一次；有约）生词一般有中文提示，但只

2、给出一次；有约2.5%的合成词和派生词（构词法）。的合成词和派生词（构词法）。3）无论哪一道题，都）无论哪一道题，都一定能在文中找到答案一定能在文中找到答案依据依据。4）五道题的正确答案关键信息按在文中出现的先）五道题的正确答案关键信息按在文中出现的先后顺序后顺序依次排列依次排列。涉及文体：涉及文体：记叙文记叙文-说明文说明文-议论文议论文-根据考察内容和考题特点，我们有三种阅读法：根据考察内容和考题特点，我们有三种阅读法：1.略读略读-2.查读查读-3.研读研读-弄清文意弄清文意寻找信息寻找信息理解含意理解含意解题步骤：解题步骤：-略读，理解大意（文章首尾段，各段首尾句），略读，理解大意（文

3、章首尾段，各段首尾句），了解文章基本结构。了解文章基本结构。-阅读题干和选项，确定问题的关键词阅读题干和选项，确定问题的关键词-查读，信息定位（命题顺序性）查读，信息定位（命题顺序性）-研读，筛选出研读，筛选出最优最优答案，答案，并关联文章主旨并关联文章主旨考点分类考点分类1. What does the underline word “stimulation” in the fourth paragraph probably mean?-2. What might be the most suitable title for the passage?-猜测词语意思猜测词语意思选文章标题选文章

4、标题3. The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph probably refers to _ -4. The underlined expression “make ends meet” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to_-5. Depps choice of movie roles throughout most of his career suggest that_-判断指代内容判断指代内容猜测词语意思猜测词语意思推测隐含意义推测隐含意义阅读理解高考主要考点：阅读理解高考主要考点：-猜测词义（

5、短语）猜测词义（短语）-主旨大意主旨大意 （文章标题）（文章标题）-判断指代判断指代 （it , that）-推理判断推理判断 （推断隐含意义，作者观点、态度和（推断隐含意义，作者观点、态度和下续内容等）下续内容等）-细节理解细节理解-写作意图、目的写作意图、目的提问方式提问方式(1)What does the underlined word “” refer to? (2)In the. paragraph, the word. means _.(3)The underlined word “” could best be replaced by _.(4)What does “” in t

6、he last two paragraphs stand for?(5)Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word “”?单句练习单句练习 A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter. Modern medicine began with the stethoscope, a medical tool used for listening to the movements of a person

7、s lungs and his heartbeats. 第一大类第一大类-上下文之：上下文之： 1）定义或解释说明）定义或解释说明- be, be called 2）定语（从句）或同位语（从句）定语（从句）或同位语（从句）3）破折号）破折号“”后有同位语或解释说明的后有同位语或解释说明的短语或从句短语或从句听诊器听诊器木匠木匠is calleda medical tool1. The hot air balloon took off. It was as buoyant in the air as a cork(软木塞软木塞) in water. A able to be used B abl

8、e to move from one place to anotherC able to float or rise to the surfaceD able to carry anything 2. The male and female mosquito make an odd couple. The female is a vampire and lives on blood, but the male is a vegetarian that sips nectar and plant juices. A a vegetarian B a cold blooded animal C a

9、n evil spirit that suck the bloodD a kind of warm blooded creature 上下文之：上下文之：对比关系猜词对比关系猜词-asas, but, though, in contrastCCasasandbut 1. At forty-two he was in his prime and always full of energy. 2. Trees, shrubs, flowers and grass are basic to parks or large gardens. 盛年时期盛年时期灌木灌木上下文之：上下文之：同等关系猜词同等关

10、系猜词-并列连词并列连词and或者或者or等等andand1. Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic.2. The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.3. Hes such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade.有弹力的有弹力的浑浊的浑浊

11、的精明的精明的上下文之：上下文之：因果关系猜词因果关系猜词- because, since, as, so that, such thatbecauseso thatsuch thatToday young couples who are just starting their households often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing machines, refrigerators and color televisions. 上下文之：上下文之：举例关系举例关系-for example; f

12、or instance; such; such as家用电器家用电器for instance1. Fishes live in water and have fins which help them to swim. Most fishes have slimy skins covered with scales, so it is difficult to get firm hold of them.2. Most of the roses are beginning to winter because of the cold.鱼鳞鱼鳞枯萎枯萎 上下文之：上下文之：生活常识猜词生活常识猜词-

13、运用自身的生活经验、常识运用自身的生活经验、常识或是逻辑推理能力或是逻辑推理能力滑溜的滑溜的另外，要注意另外，要注意“熟词生义熟词生义”-winter1. When a wise person misuses his wisdom, he will do great harm to society.2. The passengers belongings on the train are stored in their holdalls, boxes, baskets and netbags.3. I was asked to minute the race.第二大类第二大类-构词法构词法错误

14、地使用错误地使用-派生派生旅行袋旅行袋-合成合成计时计时-转换词性转换词性猜词的方法猜词的方法 ：第一大类第一大类-上下文上下文第二大类第二大类-构词法构词法归纳归纳定义（定义（be）；定从（同位语）；标点（破折）；定从（同位语）；标点（破折号）；并列（号）；并列（and/ or）；）；对比（对比（asas, but）；）；因果（因果（because/ so); 举例（举例（ for instance， such as, for example ）生活常识，逻辑推理等）生活常识，逻辑推理等派生；合成；派生；合成； 转换词性转换词性实战练习实战练习(1) In the first case, w

15、here we dont tell the clerk, a couple of things would happen. Deep down inside we would know ourselves as a type of thief. In the process, we would lose some peace of mind and self-respect. We would also demonstrate that we cannot be trusted, since we advertise our- dishonor by telling our family an

16、d friends. We damage our own reputations by telling others. In contrast, bringing the error to the clerks attention causes different things to happen. Immediately the clerk knows us to be honorable. A. telling the truth to the clerk B. offering advice to the clerk C. asking the clerk to be more atte

17、ntive D. reminding the clerk of the charged itemAcontrastIntell(2) Each of the guests made a particular fuss over Kelly, the younger one, admiring her dress, her hair and her smile. They said she was a remarkable girl to be carrying coats upstairs at her age. I thought to myself that we adults usual

18、ly make a big “to do” over the younger one because shes the one who seems more easily hurt. We do it with the best of intentions. But we seldom think of how it might affect the other child. I was a little worried that Kristen would feel she was being outshined. A. show much concern aboutB. have a sp

19、ecial effect onC. list jobs to be done forD. do good things forbecauseAeasily hurt(3) Shopkeepers in Modbury population 1,500, agreed to stop handing out disposable plastic bags to customers on Saturday. They said paper sacks and cloth carrier bags would be offered instead The Worldwatch Institute,

20、an environmental research agency, states that 100 billion plastic bags are thrown away each year in the United States alone. More than 500 billion are used yearly around the world. A. acceptable B. ValuableC. throw-away D. long-lastingthrown awayC (4) The researchers led by Professor Giorgio Vallort

21、igara of the University of Trieste found that when the dogs were shown their ownersa positive experiencetheir tails wagged energetically to the right side. When they were shown an unfamiliar human they wagged to the right, but with somewhat less enthusiasm. The appears of a cat again caused a right-

22、hand side wag, although with less intensity again. A. surprise B. worry C. excitement D. interestCenthusiasm（5） Have you ever suddenly felt that someone you knew was in trouble and he was? Have you ever dreamed something that came true later? Maybe you have ESP.ESP stands for Extrasensory Perception

23、（感知）（感知）. It maybe called a sixth sense. It seems to let people know about events before they happen, or events that are happening some distance away. What is ESP? A. ESP lets people know about their dreams.B. ESP lets people know about events after they happen.C. ESP lets people know about events b

24、efore they happen.D. ESP lets people know about heart attack.Csixth sensebefore they happen(6) All over cities, it seems that people are too tired and too rushed to be polite. Shop assistants wont bother to assist, taxi drivers growl at each other as they dash dangerously round corners, bus conducto

25、rs pull the bell before their desperate passengers have had time to get on or off the bus, and so on. It seems to us that it is up to the young and strong to do their small part to stop such deterioration. A. worsening of general situationB. lowering of moral standards C. declining of physical constitutionD. spreading of evil conductsuchB (7) One of the best-known sayings must be “Early to be