基础英语unit英语构词法PPT课件

1、英语构词法主要有英语构词法主要有三三种：种： 合成合成、派生派生与与转化转化。 英语构词法种类英语构词法种类另外缩写和简写也是构词法的一种。另外缩写和简写也是构词法的一种。第1页/共24页. . 合成 : : 有两个或更多的词合成一个词。1 1）复合名词class + room = class + room = classroomclassroom ( (名词+ +名词) )black+ board= black+ board= blackboardblackboard ( (形容词+ +名词) )2 2）复合形容词warm + heart + ed = warm + heart + ed =

2、 warmheartedwarmhearted 热心肠的good + looking = good + looking = goodgood-lo-lookingoking 相貌好看的world +wide= world +wide= worldwideworldwide世界性的hard+ working=hard-working hard+ working=hard-working 努力工作的 第2页/共24页3 3）复合动词 over + come = over + come = overcomeovercome克服 ( (副词+ +动词) )4 4）复合数词 fifty+ four= f

3、ifty-four5）复合代词 everyone, somebody, anything, nobody ( ( 不定代词+ +名词) )第3页/共24页6）复合副词 down+ stairs = downstairs在楼下( 形容词+名词) whole+ heartedly =wholeheartedly 全神贯注地(副词+副词)第4页/共24页2. 2. 转化转化 : : 是指有一种词类转化为另一种词类。单词转化后的意义往往与之前的意义联系密切. . water water n. n. 水 - water - water vt.vt. 浇水常见的转化形式两种：动词 - - 名词名词 - -

4、 动词形容词-动词第5页/共24页 动词动词-名词名词 stop stop v.v. 停止 - - n.n.车站love love v.v. 爱 - - n.n. 爱watch watch v.v. 观看 - - n.n. 手表look look v.v. 看-have a look -have a look n.n. 看 walk v. walk v. 散步, ,走-take a walk n.-take a walk n.散步love v. love v. 爱-your love your love n.n. 爱第6页/共24页 名词名词 - - 动词动词 hand hand n.n. 手

5、 - - vt.vt. 上交seat seat n.n. 座位 - - vt.vt. 坐nurse nurse n.n. 护士 - - vt.vt. 护理oil oil n.n. 油 - - vt.vt. 上油time time n.n. 时间 - - vt.vt. 定时，测时show show n.n. 展览, ,展示vt. vt. 表演, ,演出第7页/共24页 形容词形容词-动词动词 slow( slow( adj.adj. 慢的)-slow ( )-slow ( v.v. 放慢) ) open ( open (adj.adj. 开着的)open( )open( v.v.开) )第8页/

6、共24页3. 3. 派生 : : 是通过在词根上加前缀或者构成一个新词。happy - happy - ununhappyhappydevelop - develodevelop - developmentpment第9页/共24页前缀一般只引起意思上的变化而不造成词类的变化，只有少数能引起词类的变化。mismis- - 错误的 + understand + understand v.v. 理解 - - mismisunderstand understand v.v. 误解en + large en + large adj.adj. 大的 - enlarge - enlarge v.v. 扩大

7、第10页/共24页后缀一般只引起词性上的变化而不造成意思的变化。care v. care v. 照料 - care- carefulful adj. adj. 细心的work v. work v. 工作 - work- workerer n. n. 工人第11页/共24页常见的常见的前缀前缀第12页/共24页(A)表示否定的前缀： un-unfair,unhappy non-nonsmoker (常用在n. adj. adv. 前) in-inactive (常用在adj.后) dis-disagree, disappear im-impolite, impossible (用在b,p,m 开

8、头的词前) (B).表示错误或失当的前缀: mis-misunderstand, misdirect(误导)第13页/共24页(C)表示两个,双边的前缀： bi- bicolor ( 双色的), bicycle(D)表示相互,交互,在一起的前缀interinterview, international, internet(E)表示又,再,重新的前缀 rereview, return, rewrite(F)表示远的前缀tele telephone, television第14页/共24页常见的常见的后缀后缀第15页/共24页1.1.动词变名词：-tion-tion education, invi

9、tation, prediction education, invitation, prediction-ment-ment development, development, movement, movement, disappointment disappointment-er-er teacher, worker, runner, singer teacher, worker, runner, singer-or-or visitor, sailor, tutor, actorvisitor, sailor, tutor, actor第16页/共24页名词后缀补充: :-ist-ist

10、( ( 人, ,名词后缀) )scientist, terroristscientist, terrorist-ese-ese( ( 民族, ,语言, ,名词后缀) ) Chinese, JapaneseChinese, Japanese第17页/共24页2.2.形容词变名词- -nessness happiness, happiness, meanness, carelessness meanness, carelessness- -ityity ability, possibility ability, possibility 第18页/共24页3.3.名词变形容词：- -y y wind

11、y, rainy, healthy, funny, cloudywindy, rainy, healthy, funny, cloudy- -ishish foolish, feverishfoolish, feverish- -somesome handsome, troublesomehandsome, troublesome- -ousous dangerous, humorousdangerous, humorous- -fulful helpful, careful, peaceful, colorfulhelpful, careful, peaceful, colorful- -l

12、essless homeless, helpless, carelesshomeless, helpless, careless第19页/共24页4.4.动词变形容词- -alal traditional, international, naturaltraditional, international, natural- -eded surprised, balanced, talented surprised, balanced, talented- -inging interesting, outstandinginteresting, outstanding第20页/共24页5. 5.

13、 名词、形容词变动词：- -ifyify beautify, simplifybeautify, simplify- -izeize realizerealize- -enen quicken, widen, sharpenquicken, widen, sharpen第21页/共24页. . 缩写和简写 : : 缩写和简写( (也被称为截断法或缩短法) )主要采取: : “ “截头”, ,“去尾”或者 “既截头又去尾”的方法生成新词. .telephone-phone telephone-phone airplaneplaneairplaneplanelaboratory-lab labor

14、atory-lab mathematics-math mathematics-math advertisementad advertisementad examination-exam examination-exam 第22页/共24页另外还有许多缩写词是由各个单词的首字母组成. .CD ( compact disk)CD ( compact disk)CCTV( China Central Television)CCTV( China Central Television)NBA (National Basketball Association)NBA (National Basketball Association)UFO( un