初中精讲祈使句

1、 启迪心灵力量，点燃新的希望！全方位辅导教案教师： 学生： 2013年 月 日 总课时： 第 次课 教学课题 祈使句 教学 目标1. 了解祈使句的定义2. 掌握祈使句的用法3. 掌握祈使句的结构重点难点祈使句的结构变化教学过程目标语法精讲英语祈使句一定义：用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句，祈使句最常用于表达命令，因此在学校文法中也常称为命令句。 祈使句因对象（即主语）是第二人称，所以通常都省略。祈使句的动词都为一般现在时，句末则使用句号来表示结束。例： go and wash your hands. （去洗你的手。命令） be quiet, please.（please

2、be quiet.） （请安静。请求） be kind to our sister. （对姊妹要和善。劝告） watch your steps. （走路小心。警告） look out！danger！ （小心！危险！强烈警告，已如感叹句） keep off the grass. （勿践草坪。禁止） no parking. （禁止停车。禁止） 祈使句也常把主语“you”表达出来，使对方听起来觉得柔和些，例如： you go and tell him, chris. （克立斯去告诉他。） 二、相关口令 祈使句无主语, 主语you常省去; 动词原形谓语当, 句首加don't否定变; 朗读应当用

3、降调, 句末常标感叹号。 三、表现形式 肯定结构: 1. do型(即:动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分)。如:please have a seat here. 请这边坐。 有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。如:this way, please. = go this way, please. 请这边走。 2. be型(即:be + 表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分)。如:be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子! 3. let型(即:let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分)。如:let me help you. 让我来帮你。 否定结构: 1. do型和be型的否定式都是在句首加don

4、't构成。如:don't forget me! 不要忘记我! don't be late for school! 上学不要迟到! 2. let型的否定式有两种:“don't + let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分”和“let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其它成分”。如:don't let him go. / let him not go. 别让他走。 3.有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。如:no smoking! 禁止吸烟!no fishing! 禁止钓鱼! "let"带头的祈使句 由"let

5、"带头的祈使句(imperative sentences)是个常见的动词句型，它的主要用法有下列三种： 1.表示“建议”。 这个句型里的"let"后头紧跟着一个第一人称的代词宾语，如： (1) let me try. (2) let's do it. (3) let me go and look for it. 这个句型语气委婉，比直接的祈使句客气。试比较(4)a和(4)b: (4) a. don't disturb him. b. let's not disturb him. (a)是直接命令，语气强烈，不如(b)温柔悦耳。 2.表示“间

6、接命令”或“愿望”。 这句型里的动词宾语是第三人称名词或代词，如： (5) let robert take charge of the marketing department. (6) let her join our choir. 3.表示“警告”、“蔑视”、“威胁”等。 这种祈使句里的宾语也是第三人称为主。除了口气凶悍之外，有时还语带讽刺，如： (7) let him try and he will expose his inability to work on his own. (8) let the invaders come and our armed forces will wi

7、pe them out in no time. 用"let"的祈使句时，必须注意下列几点： 一、"let" 的否定句有二。如果宾语是第三人称用"don't let."（见例(9)）；如果宾语是第一人称，则用"let.not" （见例(10)）： (9) don't let this type of things happen again. (10) it's raining now. let's not go out until after the rain. 二、"let

8、"只适用于现在时态，可以有被动语态 (the passive voice)，如： (11) let the recalcitrant criminals be sent to prison. (12) let all the dedicated capable staff be promoted. 三、"let"后头除了是不带"to"的不定式动词 (the infinitive without"to")之外，还可以是某些适当的副词，如out, in, down, alone等： (13) let the puppy out.

9、 (14) open the windows and let the fresh air in. (15) the room is too sunny. let the blinds down. (16) let me alone, please. 四、用"let's"时，把谈话者的对象包括在内；用"let us"时，并不包括对方，如： (17) let's try it, shall we? (18) let us do it by ourselves, will you? 从(17)里的"shall we"和(18

10、)里的"will you"，不难知道前者包括听话人，后者并没有。祈使句表示请求、命令、建议等等。谓语动词一律用原形。句子中通常不用主语，句末用惊叹号或者句号，用降调。 即景活用一、将以下祈使句改为否定式：1. come here early. 2. ask him. 3. please wait for her. 4. read the book carefully. 5. sit under the tree, please. 6. lets go there together. 二、选择最佳答案填空：1. if you are tired, _ a rest.a. ha

11、ve                             b. havingc. to have                  &#

12、160;      d. had2. _ me go. it is very important for me.a. do let                           b. let doc. doing let     &#

13、160;                 d. to do let3. he is not honest. _ believe him. a. not                        &

14、#160;      b. dontc. to not                           d. not to4. if you want to stay, let me know, _?a. will you     &#

15、160;                   b. shall wec. do you                           d. do we5.

16、 never come late again, _? a. will you                         b. wontc. do you                 

17、;          d. does he6. _ up early tomorrow, or you cant catch the train.a. getting                          b. getc. to get 

18、                          d. got7. _ in the street. its dangerous.a. not play                &#

19、160;       b. not to playc. dont play                     d. dont to play8. please _ me some money, will you?a. lend         

20、                      b. lendingc. to lend                         

21、60; d. be lend9. the film is about to begin. please _ seated. a. be                                 b. arec. is     

22、;                             d. being10. _ the boxes. you may use them later. a. keep            &#

23、160;                b. keepingc. to keep                         d. kepti. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1. its an impo

24、rtant meeting. _ (not, be )late.2. _ (not,make) any noise! your mother is sleeping.3. _ (not, speak) with your mouth full of food and _ (be) polite.4. _ ( not, talk) and _ (read) aloud.5. _ (not,leave) your homework for tomorrow, larry.6. _ (look) out! a car is coming.7. _ (give) us ten years and ju

25、st see what our country will be like.8. _ (not, let) the baby cry.9. wear more clothes or you _ (catch) a cold.10. lets _ (not, say) anything about it.ii. 选择填空 ( )1 .her doctor said: “_ work so hard” a stop b dont c cant d no ( )2. sindy, _ to be here at 8 oclock a is sure b is sure that c will be s

26、ure d be sure ( )3._ when you cross the road. a do care b care c do be careful d to be careful ( )4. _him the secret, will you? a dont tell b not to tell c not telling d no telling ( )5. _ in bed. its bad for your eyes. a not to read b dont read c dont to read d not read ( )6. _ your child. well look after him. a not to worry about b dont worry aboutc not worry for d dont worry with ( )7.they are very tired. why _ have a rest? a not they b do