初中英语宾语从句完全攻略PPT课件

1、1. I know him. （简单句）2. I know who he is.(复合句) _ _ _主语主语 谓语谓语 宾语宾语 _ _ _ _ _ 主语主语 谓语谓语 关联词关联词 从句主语从句主语 从句谓语从句谓语 主句主句 宾语从句宾语从句 第1页/共34页一、宾语从句的概念 宾语从句即句子作宾语，而不再是一个词或短语作宾语。I like my teacher.（名词作宾语)I know him .（代词作宾语）I know (that) Mr Li teaches English. (句子作宾语）包含宾语从句的句子结构：主句+连接词（引导词）+宾语从句第2页/共34页二、宾语从句三要

2、素连 接 词时 态语 序第3页/共34页（一）连接词1.陈述句：that2.一般疑问句：whether/if3.特殊疑问句： 连接代词who whom whose what which 连接副词when why where how。第4页/共34页e.g. 1. I donnt hear (that) _. （一小时后他会回来一小时后他会回来）2. He said (that) _. （他非常想念我们）他非常想念我们）3. The teacher told us (that) _. （地球围着太阳转）地球围着太阳转） he will be back in an hour he missed u

3、s very much the earth moves around the sun注意：当从句是客观真理的时候，无论主句什么时态，从句一律用一般现在时* *当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定或否定），连词当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定或否定），连词由由thatthat引导，在句中不作成分，无意义。口语或引导，在句中不作成分，无意义。口语或非正式文体中可省略。非正式文体中可省略。 第5页/共34页宾语从句中不能省略宾语从句中不能省略thatthat的情况：的情况：1 1）主从句有插入语时：）主从句有插入语时： It says here, on this sign, that you cant ta

4、lk loudly.2 2）若出现两个及以上宾语从句且有并列）若出现两个及以上宾语从句且有并列连词时：连词时： My uncle said (that) he would come and that he would also bring his daughter.3 3）当有）当有it it 作形式宾语用作形式宾语用that that 引导时：引导时： He finally found it difficult that he should finish the work by himself.第6页/共34页第7页/共34页由从属连词whether, if 引导的宾语从句e.g. 1. A

5、sk him _. （他是否能来）他是否能来）2. I dont know _.（是否要下雨）是否要下雨） whether (if) he can come whether it is going to rain or not当句末为or not时，引导词只能用whether而不能用if.*当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或或if 引导引导（口语中常用（口语中常用if），在句中意为），在句中意为“是否是否”，有意义，不能，有意义，不能省略。省略。第8页/共34页If 与whether 的区别1. I dont know _ he will come

6、 or not.2. I dont care of _ he is handsome.3. He wondered _ to stay here the next week.4. _ he will come is not decided. 与or not 连用只能用whether介词后只能用whether与to do 不定式连用只能用whether引导主从或表从只能用whether第9页/共34页1. He asked _. (谁能回答这个问题谁能回答这个问题）2. Do you know_. （他们在等谁他们在等谁）3. Please tell me _. （我们什么时候开会我们什么时候开

7、会）4. Can you tell me _. （他在哪儿他在哪儿）5. Could you tell me _. （我该怎么去车站我该怎么去车站）6. Would you tell me _（为什么火车迟到了为什么火车迟到了） 当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由连接代词what, whom whose, which, what及连接副词 when, where, how, why引导的宾语从句when well have a meetingwhere he ishow I can get to the stationwhy the train is latewho could answer the

8、 questionwhom they are waiting for第10页/共34页带带howhow的词组也都可以引导宾语从句：的词组也都可以引导宾语从句：*Please tell us how soon you will be ready.*Could you tell us how often you go abroad for a holiday?*Would you tell us how long the meeting will last?*I dont know how far it is to the cinema.注意：这里could / would是委婉语气，而不是过去。

9、从句时态视情况而定。第11页/共34页（二）语序：陈述句语序 1. She wants to know if there is a bank near here.2. He asked what they are doing.即：陈述句结构（主+谓+其他成分)1.Is there a bank near here? She wants to know.2. What Are they doing ? He asked.第12页/共34页 （三）时态(时态一致性） 1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从 句的时态根据具体情况来确定，可以是_时态。I dont think (that) you

10、are right.Please tell us where well go fishing tomorrow. Do you know when Mr. Smith moved here?任 何第13页/共34页过去2. 2. 如果主句的时态是如果主句的时态是一般过去时一般过去时，宾语从句只能用，宾语从句只能用相应的相应的_时态时态（一般过去时，（一般过去时， 过去进行时，过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：He told me that he was born in Beijing in 1992.He said that he would go b

11、ack to the U.S. soon. She said that she was doing exercises at 8:00Tom said he had eaten lunch just now.第14页/共34页3. 3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理客观真理, ,定义、定理，公理定义、定理，公理，即使主句用了，即使主句用了过去时过去时，从，从句仍用句仍用 _ 时态。时态。例如：例如： The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun.Mr. Hu have told us that A friend

12、 in need is a friend indeed.一般现在第15页/共34页四、否定转移 在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词是thinkthink， believebelieve, guess, suppose guess, suppose等时，要将从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，宾语从句的谓语动词用肯定式。 eg: (1)I dont think he will come with you. 注意：这种句子在其后接附加问句时，要特别小心。 eg: (2) I dont believe he has finished the work, _

13、? (3) He knew why Jim wasnt at school , _? 解析：例2，当主句的主语为第一人称时，附加问句的主语由宾 语从句的主语充当。 例3，如果主句的主语非第一人称时，则附加问句的主语 由主句的主语充当。has hehas hedidnt hedidnt he第16页/共34页五、复合句：（连接词五、复合句：（连接词+宾语从句）宾语从句） 简单句：（连接词简单句：（连接词+to do sth）*I dont know what I should do next.*she didnt decide which one she could choose.*Can yo

14、u tell me how I can get to the station?*He doesnt know when he will leave. I dont know what to do next. She didnt decide which one to choose. Can you tell me how to get to the station? He doesnt know when to leave.第17页/共34页六、直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系六、直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系陈述句变为引导的宾语从句e.g. 1. He said, “You are y

15、ounger than I ”. 2. He says, “Tom is a good student ”. He said that I was younger than him. He says that Tom is a good student. 第18页/共34页直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系一般疑问句变为一般疑问句变为if (whether)if (whether)引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句e.g. 1. She said, “ Do you often come here to read newspaper? ”2. “Will they

16、go to visit the Great Wall?” he asked. She asked if (whether) I often came here to read newspaper. He asked if (whether) they would go visit the Great Wall. 第19页/共34页直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系特殊疑问句变为who, what, when等引导的宾语从句e.g. 1. He asked, “Where do you live?” 2. “How can we get to the post-

17、office?” he asked. He asked where I lived. He asked how they could get to the post-office. 第20页/共34页直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系 1、当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语 从句的谓语动词可以用所需要的任何一种时态。 2、当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，宾语从句的谓语 动词要用相应的过去时态，但当宾语从句叙述的内容 为客观真理时，仍然用一般现在时。e.g. The teacher said that the moon moves around the

18、 sun. 注注 意：意：第21页/共34页Do you know _?A. where does she live B. she lives whereC. where she lives D. where she live2. His parents wanted to know what he _at that time. A. is doing B. was doing C. has done D. will doCB巩固练习：巩固练习：I从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。第22页/共34页3. The young man asked _ its summer of wint

19、er. A. either B. that C.weather D.whether4. We dont know _ they did it. A. how B. who C. what D.which5. The teacher asks us _ Jim can come back soon. A. that B. if C. when D. what time6. Does anybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not. A. if B. where C. whether D. that7. I wond

20、er _ he is crying now. A. that B.why C. how D. whenDABCB第23页/共34页9Lilys mother looked for her for half an hour, but could not find _?A.what Lily was B. what was LilyC. where Lily was D. where was LilyC8.We dont know _. - It is said that he was born in Canada.A.what he is B. when he was born C. where

21、 he comes from D. if he lives here C第24页/共34页10 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take 11 Linda said the moon_ round the earth. A. travelled B. has travelled C. travels D. had travelled AC第25页/共34页12. Could you please tell me _ he will come her

22、e tomorrow? A. if B. weather C. what D. whichA13. Could you tell me _? A. when will they leave BeijingB. when would they leave BeijingC. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing C第26页/共34页II.改错：1.Miss Zhang asked me why was I late for school._Miss Zhang asked me why I was late for

23、 school.2.Father told me the sun always rose in the east._Father told me the sun always rises in the east.3.He doesnt know that when she can come back._He doesnt know when she can come back.第27页/共34页1. The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be)2. The headmaster hopes everything _ well. (go)3. Tom say

24、s that they _ (play) basketball at six oclock yesterday evening. 4. I hear he _ (return) it already. 5. He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948. (be)6. He asked what they _ at eight last night. (do)7. The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound. (travel)8. I think you _ abo

25、ut the relay race now. (talk)9. I didnt know whom the letters _ from. (be) will be goes were playing has returned had been travels are talking were were doing第28页/共34页10. I didnt know what time he _ the letter. (write)11. Miss Wang told me that the earth _(move) round the earth. 12. Could you tell m

26、e who _ away the book already? (take)13. Ling Feng told me he _ to several times. (be)14. Our teacher told us in class the sun _ in the east. (rise)15. Can you tell me what they _ yesterday? (do) wrote moves has taken has been risesdid第29页/共34页将下列句子合并为一句将下列句子合并为一句: :1. Where do they stop on the way? I asked. 2. What will you say at the meeting? Could you tell me?3. Does she like to make friends with us? He asks. 4. He is doing my homework. He said