高三英语语法复习四定语从句

1、高三英语语法复习四 定语从句考点一关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词who， whom， whose， which， that引导定语从句 时，可在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等句子成分。who代指 人，作主语或宾语; whom代指人，作动词宾语或介词宾语; whose代指人或物，作定语;which代指物，作主语或宾语等; that代指人或物，作主语或宾语等。 This is the detective who came from London. 这就是那位来自伦敦的侦探。 The book which/that I am reading is written by Thomas Hardy.我正在

2、看的这本书是托马斯哈代所写。 The desk whose leg is broken is very old. 那张桌腿已断的桌子已经很旧。 1.先行词在定语从旬中作表语时，不管先行词是指人还 是指物，引导词都要用that，但在非限制性定语从句中要改 用which.Hes changed a lot. Hes not the man that he was. 他变化很大，已不是过去的他了。 This is not an easy question that you think it to be. 这个问题不是像你认为的那么容易。 He has become a doctor， which h

3、e wanted to be. 他成为了一名医生，这是他以前一直梦想的。 2. 介词+关系代词可以引导定语从句，但关系代词只 可用whom或which，不可用who或that。 The room in which there is a machine is a workshop. 那个里面放着一部机器的房间是个车间。 In the dark street， there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help. 3. whose+n. 引导定语从旬修饰物时，可换成the+ n. +of which或of which+the+n.

4、 。 He lives in a big house whose window faces the sea. He lives in a big house the window of which faces the sea. He lives in a big house of which the window faces the sea. 4. which引导的定语从句还可修饰前面整个主旬，此时 which相当于and this.He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy. The weather t

5、urned out to be very good， which was more than we could expect. 考点二which 与 as 引导定语从句有何区别 1. as有正如，就像之意，在非限制性定语从句中充当 主语、宾语或表语，从句可位于主旬的前面、中间或后面，一 般用逗号与主句隔开;但which引导的非限制性定语从旬一 般只能放在主旬之后。 As had been expected， the England team won the football match. The result of the experiment was very good， which we

6、hadnt expected.在 as 引导的非限制性定语从句中 as 一般只能做动词 be 的主语；特别作 be known , be said , be expected , be announced , be reported 等的主语。 which 既可作系 动词 be 的主语也可作实义动词的主语，这类实义动词常见的有。如： worry , make , delay , delight 等。2 / 6我们可以说 He married her , which was natural . He married her , as was natural . 他同她结婚这是很自然的。也可以说

7、He saw the girl , which delighted him . 他看见那女孩，这使他很高兴。His dog died , which made him very sad但不能说 He saw the girl , as delighted him . as 引导的从句在意义上不可与主句相悖，通常对主句意义起一定辅助作用，而 which 引导的从句则没有此限制。The pretty girl married a handsome young man , as / which was thought very natural. The girl married an old man

8、 of 70 , which was unexpected . 2. such. . . as. . .与such. . . that. . .的区别。 such. . . as. . .中的as引导的是定语从句，而such. . that. . .中的that引导的是结果状语从句。当as引导定语从 句时，as在从句中一般作主语或宾语，也就是说，as后面的句 子实际上是不完整的。而that引导结果状语从句时， that在 从句中不作任何成分，即从句是非常完整的句子。 This is such a difficult problem as all of us cant work out. (从句

9、中的work out缺少宾语，前面的as是关系代词， 用作work out的宾语。) This is such a difficult problem that all of us cant work it out. (从句是完整的句子，前面的that只起引导从句的作 用，在从句中不作成分。) 3. as引导的定语从句与it作形式主语的主语从句和以 what引导的主语从句的区别。 试比较: As is known to everybody， the moon travels round the earth once every month. It is known to everybody t

10、hat the moon travels round the earth once every month. What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.4.the sameas, suchas, soas, asas 等结构中的as This is not such a book as I expected. I live in the same building as he (lives in). Here is so big a stone as no man c

11、an lift. As many children as came here were my fathers pupils. 考点三关系副词引导的定语从句1.关系副词常可换成介词+关系代词.when可换成 on/in/by which等， where可换成at/in/from which等，why 换成for which。I still remember the day when (on which) we first met.This village where (in which) he was born has now taken on a new look. Tell me the r

12、eason why (for which) you missed the flight. 试比较: This is the factory where I paid a visit the other day. This is the factory to which I paid a visit the other day. This is the factory that/which I visited the other day. Fill in the blanks with proper preps.1. This is the book _ which I spent 5 yuan

13、. on2. This is the book _ which I paid 5 yuan. for3. This is the book _ which we can learn a lot. from4. This is the book _ which we often talk. about 5. This is the book _ which I wrote down many notes. in2.名词situation， point， case， stage， scene等后也可接 where引导的定语从句。 The media can often help solve pro

14、blems and draw attention to situations where help is needed. 媒体通常帮助解决问题，关注那些需要帮助的情况。 They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.他们已经到了必须彼此分手的地步。 I got to a stage where I needed to be playing every week.我需要去一个每周能上场的地方。Thosesuccessfuldeafdancersthinkthatdancingisanactivity

15、wheresightmattersmorethanhearing. 那些失聪的成功舞蹈演员们认为，舞蹈是一种让人看胜过让人听的活动。She wants a job where her management skills can be put to good use. 她想找一份能将她的管理技能派上用场的工作。3. way后面的定语从句不能用how引导。如way在从句中作状语，应用in which或that引导，甚至还可省略引导 词;如作主语或宾语应用that或which引导。 I dont like the way in which he talks.I dont like the way (

16、that) he talks. The way that/which he thought of to solve the problem might be helpful. 4. from where， since when，by when为介词+关系副词 结构，它们也可以引导定语从句。 Tom hid himself behind the door， from where he could hear the steps of his mother clearly. 汤姆躲藏在门后面，从那里他可以清楚地听到妈妈的脚 步声。 She left home three years ago， sin

17、ce when we havent heard from her.三年前她离家出走，从此我们就没有她的音信。又如In the office , I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m. by which time many people have gone home . The house , on whose door I dropped a line in chalk , belongs to my friend John.He may come , in which case Ill ask him . The driver was

18、the man from whose room she had stolen the maps .5.特别提示:判断定语从句用什么引导词的关键是看先行 词在从句中作什么成分。 . This is the town where I was born. This is the town that/which I visited last week. This is the town where I visited the modern equipment last week. I will never forget the day when I came to school. I will nev

19、er forget the day that/which I spent with you. This is the reason why he was late. This is the reason that he told me.She took me to the school I visited last year. A.the same ; as B. the same ;where C the same ;that D. as the same ; asMrs Black took the police back to place she witnessed the robber

20、y. A. the same ; as B. the same ;where C the same ;that D. as the same ; as6.特殊的引导词As many children as came were given some cakes . He is as diligent a man as ever lived . There is no mother but loves her children没有不爱自己孩子的母亲。 There is no rule in English but has exceptions.英语中没有无例外的规则。He smoked more

21、cigarettes than he bought. 他吸的香烟比他买的要多We often advise him not to drink more wine than is good for his health. 考点四关系副词where引导的定语从句与where 引导的地点状语从句或名词性从句的区别 Youd better make a mark at the spot where you have any questions. (定语从句，修饰the spot) 你最好在有问题的地方作个记号。 Youd better make a mark where you have any ques- tions. (状语从句)你最好在有问题的地方作个记号。 You should make it a rule t