2021届高考英语一轮复习第一部分教材知识突破必修三Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars学案新人教版

1、unit 4astronomy: the science of the stars基础盘点自测自评阅读单词快速排查本单元阅读词汇并在不认识的词汇前划astronomy nsolar adj.chain ndissolve vt.& vi.acid nmultiply vi.& vt.gravity nextinct adj.exhaust vt.satellite nspaceship nphysicist noxygen n.核心单词1.atmosphere n大气层；气氛2.thus adv.因此；于是3.climate n气候4.crash vi.& vt.碰撞；坠落5.float vi

2、.& vt. (使)浮动；(使)漂浮n漂浮物6.system n系统；体系；制度7.theory n学说；理论拓展单词1.religion n宗教；宗教信仰religious adj.宗教的2.globe n球体；地球仪；地球global adj.全球性的；全世界的3.violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的violence n暴力violently adv.猛烈地4.unlike prep.与不同；不像like prep.像(拓展速记1，2)5.presence n出席；到场；存在present adj.在场的n目前；现在v出席；颁发；授予；礼物6.harmful adj.有害的har

3、mless adj.无害的7.exist vi.存在；生存existence n存在；生存8.puzzle n谜；难题vt.& vi. (使)迷惑；(使)为难puzzled adj.困惑的puzzling adj.令人迷惑的9.biology n生物学biologist n生物学家10.gentle adj.温和的；文雅的gently adv.轻轻地；温和地语境活用用所给词的适当形式填空1.most people are willing to condemn violence (violent) of any sort as evil.2.they are puzzled (puzzle) a

4、bout what to do next.3.unlike (like) humans, they never get lost and can always find their way home.4.religion (religious) is important to many people.5.this is very important because there are some who doubt their existence (exist)走进高考1.float 熟义： vi.& vt. (使)浮动；(使)漂浮n漂浮物生义： vt.提出(想法)the idea was fi

5、rst floated in a speech given by the president a few months ago.2.chain 熟义： n链子；连锁；锁链生义： vi.系上；栓she hadnt chained her dog up, so it got killed on the main road.1.in time及时；终于2.lay eggs下蛋3.give birth to产生；分娩4.in ones turn轮到某人；接着5.prevent.from阻止；制止(拓展速记3)6.block out挡住(光线)7.cheer up感到高兴；感到振奋8.now that既

6、然9.get the hang of熟悉；掌握；理解10.break out突发；爆发11.watch out for密切注意；当心；提防语境活用用左栏短语的适当形式填空1.im just starting to get the hang of driving.2.the mother was preparing dinner at the kitchen when a quarrel broke out among the children.3.stressful environments lead to unhealthy behaviours such as poor eating ha

7、bits, which in turn increase the risk of heart disease.4.now that youve passed your test, you can drive on your own.5.the government took immediate measures and the disease was prevented from spreading.6.bob got seriously injured in the traffic accident, but fortunately, the doctor came in time to s

8、ave his life.1.make it possible to do sth.“使做某事成为可能”原句this produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.这产生了一个连锁反应，使得生命的发展成为可能。仿写这本书使我学习英语容易多了。the book makes it easy for me to learn english.2.倍数as.as.“是的倍”原句.i found i was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.我发

9、觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。仿写我们图书馆里的书是你们图书馆里的书的五倍。there are five times as many books in our library as in yours.3.now that “既然，由于”，引导原因状语从句原句“oh dear，” i cried，“walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”“天哪，”我大声说，“重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。”仿写既然你喜欢乒乓球，我想邀请你加入校队。now that you are

10、 crazy about table tennis, id like to invite you to join the school team.1.否定前缀“un”(一)(1)表示“不”unable不能的unclear不清楚的unequal不平等的unhappy不快乐的unlike不像(2)表示“反动作”unbind解开(绳结)unclose打开/露出unglove脱去手套untie解开(3)表示“无”unconditional无条件的unfathered无父的unmanned无人驾驶的unwisdom无才/无智2.否定前缀“un”(二)(4)表示“未”uncalled未叫到的unchang

11、ed未改变的uncut未割的/未切的unripe未熟的(5)表示“取消，除去，从中弄出”undo停止(做某事)undress (使)脱衣服unlock开锁untomb从坟墓中掘出3.“阻止”短语大全ban sb. from doing sth.discourage sb. from doing sth.forbid sb. from doing sth.keep sb. from doing sth.prevent sb. (from) doing sth.stop sb. (from) doing sth.考点串讲重点突破1harmful adj.有害的；造成损害的|对接高考|单句语法填空

12、(2016年浙江卷阅读理解)if we know that gossip can be harmful, then why do so many of us do it? people often think of gossipers as harmless, but cruel lies can cause pain. (harm)there is no harm in your talking (talk)with your friend.it does no harm to you to work with him.|考点归纳|(1)be harmful to.对有害(2)harm n&

13、 vt.伤害；损害do harm to sb.do sb.harm伤害某人cause harm to sb.伤害某人mean no harm to.对没有恶意there is no harm in doing.做无害处 |能力提升|完美写作背诵(安徽卷书面表达)这些天，违反交通规则和乱扔垃圾的现象很常见，对生活和环境造成了严重破坏。these days，breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon，causing serious harm to life and the environment2exist vi.存在；生存|对接高考

14、|单句语法填空 (2017年北京卷阅读理解)a machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence(exist)(福建卷书面表达)secondly, new methods need to be developed to use the existing (exist)water resources, for example, turning sea water int

15、o fresh water.scientists have many theories about how the universe first came into existence.|考点归纳|(1)exist in.存在于之中exist on.live on.靠为生there exist(s)/existed.某地有/存在(2)existence n存在；生存come into existence产生；成立；开始存在(3)existing adj. (仅用于名词前)目前的；现存的3puzzle vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难 n谜；难题|对接高考|单句语法填空 (2019年江苏卷

16、阅读理解)bob christiansen became puzzled(puzzle) about something that，oddly，had not troubled anyone before.(陕西卷书面表达)what puzzles (puzzle) you is actually a puzzle for many parents in china.his last paintings are perhaps the most puzzling，which even puzzle all the artists. (puzzle)|考点归纳|(1)puzzle about/o

17、ver冥思苦想；苦苦思索(2)a puzzle to sb.一件让某人感到困惑的事情(3)puzzling adj.令人迷惑的puzzled adj.迷惑不解的；困惑的be puzzled about.对迷惑不解 |能力提升|完美写作背诵(北京卷书面表达)今天早晨，我在大街上走的时候，看到两名游客正在看地图，他们看起来有些困惑。this morning, when i was walking on the street, i saw that two travelers were reading a map, looking puzzled4pull n& vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力|对接高考

18、|单句语法填空 larry pulled over, set the brake and got hold of the fire extinguisher.they are pulling down those houses to make room for a new hotel.the doctor is sure that he will pull through|考点归纳|pull apart拆开；拆散pull away (汽车等)开走pull down拆毁；摧毁pull in (车辆)进站；停靠pull out驶出；退出pull over向路边停靠；驶向路边pull through

19、 恢复健康；渡过难关pull up停车5in time 及时；终于；迟早|对接高考|单句语法填空/单句改错(2017年北京卷阅读理解)the first magazine with your gift message will arrive in time for the special day.(四川卷阅读理解)we arrived in the summer, just in time to enjoy (enjoy) the midnight sun.at no time smoking be permitted here.time后加will|考点归纳|(1)in time for.刚

20、好赶上in time to do sth.及时做某事(2)at a time每次；一次at one time曾经；一度at no time决不(放在句首时，句子用部分倒装)at the same time同时from time to time有时；偶尔in no time立刻；马上(3) kill time消磨时间take ones time别着急；慢慢来6in ones turn 轮到某人；接着|对接高考|单句语法填空 i think its my turn to drive (drive) the kids to school this week.theory is based on pr

21、actice and in turn serves practice.it turned out that this young man was none other than the old mans son.|考点归纳|(1)in turn依次；轮流；反之；相应地by turns轮流；交替地(2)take turns to do sth.轮流做某事it is ones turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事(3)it turns/turned out that.结果是7prevent.from.阻止；抑制；制止|对接高考|单句语法填空/单句改错(2019年北京卷阅读理解)we are

22、 finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers (诈骗者) from getting (get) through.the laws protect everyone here from being attacked (attack)if you are prevented coming, will you let me know ahead of tim

23、e？prevented后加fromto keep warm, he kept the fire from burning all the night.去掉from|考点归纳|prevent/stop. (from) doing sth.keep.from doing sth.阻止做某事keep.doing sth.使一直做某事protect.from.保护不受侵袭；挡住；防御|名师点睛|(1)在主动语态中，stop和prevent的搭配中可省去from；而keep.from doing sth.中的from不可省略。(2)在被动语态里，这三个搭配中的from均不可省略。8make itadj.

24、/n.for sb.to do(教材佳句)this produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop.这产生了一个连锁反应，使得生命的发展成为可能。|对接高考|单句语法填空 the teacher raised his voice in order to make himself heard (hear)mastering the technology makes it possible for us to use (use) the internet more effectively.|考点归纳|make

25、宾语宾语补足语9倍数表达法(教材佳句).i found i was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。|对接高考|单句语法填空 the electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster (fast) than traditional garbage as a whole.the population now in this village is five times what it was ten

26、years ago.|考点归纳|(1)abe倍数asadj./adv.原级asb(2)abe倍数adj./adv.比较级thanb(3)abe倍数the名词(size/weight/length.)ofb(4)abe倍数what 从句 |能力提升|句型转换the teaching building is four times as high as that one.the teaching building is three times higher than that one.the teaching building is four times the height of that one

27、.part 1part 2isaac newton, an english physicist, discovered gravity. based on his theory, astronomers predicted that another planet might exist in the orbit of uranus(天王星). uranus, having 27 known natural satellites, is visible to the naked eye. its the third largest planet in terms of size in the s

28、olar system, with its mass roughly 14.5 times that of earth. its much closer to the sun, but this does not prevent it from being the coldest, because unlike the other planets, uranus gives off less heat than it absorbs from the sun.most plants depend on sunlight to grow. if sunlight is blocked out,

29、diseases will break out, thus giving birth to food shortage in the world. so we should watch out for the climate change closely.随堂检测基础过关.单句语法填空1if you want to solve the problem in this way, there is no harm in calling him.2scientists have many theories about how the universe first came into existenc

30、e3the firemen were puzzled about/over the cause of the fire.4he arrived home just in time to witness (witness) his brother being taken away by the police.5not all people are aware of the various effects of global (globe) warming on earth.6the conversation was carried on in a harmonious and friendly

31、atmosphere.7they want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job.8what makes me puzzled (puzzle) is why he left the country without telling anyone.9the children are schooled in an old room that once stored harmful (harm) chemicals.10the yangtze river is almost twice l

32、onger than the pearl river.单句改错1she started as an office junior, and in the time became the director of the whole company._答案：去掉第一个the2he was prevented by illness coming to our birthday party._答案：illness后加from 3as is known to all, the polluted air and water are harm to our health._答案：harmharmful4the

33、 new bridge is three times width of that one built last year._答案：width前加the5the sun heats the earth, which makes possible for plants to grow._答案：makes 后加it话题拓展素养升华.课文里的高考根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。the earth was just 1.a cloud of dust after the “big bang”. the earth exploded loudly with fire and

34、 rock.they were in time 2.to produce (produce) many things, 3.which were to make the earths atmosphere.as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface. it allowed the earth to dissolve 4.harmful (harm) gases.then life began to develop.small plants multiplied and filled the oceans and seas 5.with oxygen. this encouraged the 6.development (develop) of early shellfish and fish. lan