高中英语必修3unit3grammara

1、Discovering useful structuresAs the years have gone by, I have been made smallerand smaller.my family and I have been used by billions of people to deal with Information-I have truly been built to serve the human race-现在完成时的被动语态（现在完成时的被动语态（have/has + been+过去分词）过去分词） A calculating machine; replaceThe

2、 buildings; destroy ; earthquakeA calculating machine has been replaced with the laptop.The buildings have been destroyed in an earthquake.1. 1.A calculating machine A calculating machine has been replacedhas been replaced with with the laptop.the laptop.2.2.The buildings The buildings have been des

3、troyedhave been destroyed in an in an earthquake.earthquake.3. 3. The sports meeting The sports meeting hashas already already been heldbeen held in in our school. our school. Do the underlined parts have something in common?Discovering:has/have been done现在完成时现在完成时被动语态被动语态现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态1构成：构成：

4、 主动语态主动语态 被动语态被动语态现在完成时现在完成时 have/has doneHe has been sent to study the new technology in the company.The dirty clothes have not been washed.Have the windows been cleaned?How many shopping centers have been built in this city?The Present Perfect Passive Voice （现在完成时的被动语态）现在完成时的被动语态）have/has been don

5、eLearning the structure:Someone has told me the sports meet might be put off. We have brought down the price. I have been told the sports meet might be put off.The price has been brought down. _现在完成时的被动语态的用法现在完成时的被动语态的用法 1.表示一个被动的表示一个被动的动作动作发生在发生在说话之前说话之前,强调对强调对现在造成的现在造成的影响和结果影响和结果.The door has been

6、 locked. 2.表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去,持续持续到现在到现在,并可能持续下去并可能持续下去,常与常与for 或或since引导引导的时间状语连用的时间状语连用,或用于或用于How long.?句型中句型中.The important problem has been discussed for nearly two weeks.How long has the machine been used? 现在完成时的标志现在完成时的标志:recently /already/yet for+一段时间一段时间 /since+时间点时间点句型句型He h

7、as been sent to study the new technology in the company.否定句否定句:He has not been sent to study the new technology in the company.一般疑问句一般疑问句: Has he been sent to study the new technology in the company?特殊疑问句特殊疑问句: Where has he been sent to study the new technology?在在have /has 后加后加nothave /has 提前提前疑问词疑问

8、词+have (has)+主语主语+been+ V过去分词过去分词.+.?二、现在完成时的被动语态应注意的几个问题二、现在完成时的被动语态应注意的几个问题 1.请注意现在完成时的被动语态的两个助动词请注意现在完成时的被动语态的两个助动词,即即have/has和和been,两者缺一不可。两者缺一不可。 2. 请注意与请注意与一般过去时的被动语态一般过去时的被动语态的区别。一般过去的区别。一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有没有联系联系,而现在完成时的被动语态则而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在情况的强调与现在情况的联系联系. The b

9、ridge was built last year. 这桥是去年建成的。The bridge has been built. 这桥已经建好了。3.请注意一些特殊动词请注意一些特殊动词,如如borrow, finish, begin, buy, start, return, marry, open, join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思的意思,则需改换动词或时态。如则需改换动词或时态。如: 误 How long has this book been bought?正 How lo

10、ng ago was this book bought?但这类动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程但这类动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程,具有连续性具有连续性,因而可与因而可与since或或for引导的时引导的时间状语连用。如间状语连用。如:No books have been bought since last week.自上周以来,没有人来买过书。1.They not have finished the homework which should be finished yesterday.2.Does the new program have been developed for the r

11、obot?3.How many have teachers been interviewed for the job?Has the new programhave notteachers have1. -How long _ at this job? - Since 1990. A. were you employed B. have you been employed C. had you been employed D. will you be employed 2.When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _yet. (2003 上海

12、春季上海春季)A. are not decided B. have not been decided C. is not being decided D. has not been decided3. All the preparations for the task_, and were ready to start. (2000 北京春季北京春季)A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been completed BDD4. All the preparations for the project _,And were ready to start. A.completed B. had been completed C. complete D. have been completed5. Great ch