非限制性定语从句的讲解

1、非限制性定语从句非限定性定语从句：非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分 ，that不能用于引导非限制性定语从句例如:Her house,which was built a hundred years ago,stood still in the earthquake.(那座房子在地震中依然耸立，它是一百多年前建造的。)3. 有时as也可用作关系代词4. 在非限定性定语从句中，用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物.5.当先行词是专有名词或物

2、主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如：Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。6.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰,

3、 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。 非限制性定语从句只是对主句内容，或先行词的补充、解释或附加说明。主句与先行词或从句之间一般用逗号分开，常常单独翻译。没有它，主句意思仍然完整。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有as，which，who， whom，whose等，作定语从句

4、的主语、宾语、表语及定语。关系副词有when，where等，作定语从句的状语。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中一般不能省。一、as引导非限制性定语从句时，可以代主句的全部或部分内容。常表说话人关于说话的依据、态度、评论、看法等。有“正如、像”等意思。定语从句可以置主句句首、句中或句末。as后常接expect，know，report，say，see等动词的主、被动语态句。1 _is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every monthAIt BAs CThat DWhat2Mike，as we expected，a

5、ttended the meeting像我们所期望的那样，迈克参加了会议。3He wasnt unconsicious，as could be judged from his eyes他并未失去知觉，这从他的眼神可以判断出来。二、which引导非限制性定语从句的情况很多。I指代主句的全部或部分内容时，常表事实、状态、起因等，有“这就使得、这一点”等意思，常置主句末。主句与定语从句用逗号分开。1Dorathy was always speaking highly of her role in the play，of course，madetheothers unhappyAwho Bwhich

6、Cthis DwhatII指代先行词有多种情况。定语从句置先行词后面。1在“npronnumprep which”，“prepwhich”定语从句里。 1）They talked about a movie，the name of which Ive never forgotten他们谈论过一部电影，我决不会忘记片名。2）In Sydney the Chinese team got 28 gold medals，165 of which were won by women在悉尼奥运会，中国队夺得了28枚金牌，其中165枚是女子夺得的。3）China has thousands of islan

7、ds，the largest of which is Taiwan中国有数千个岛屿，其中最大的是台湾岛。4）Chaplin went to the states in 1910，by which time he had learnt to dance and act in comedies卓别林1910年去了美国，那时他已学会跳舞和演喜剧了。2表唯一性，或者就是指代先行词的事物时。The dam，which is the biggest in the world，is 3，830 metres long大坝长3，830米，是世界上最大的坝。3先行词是独一无二的事物时。The moon，whic

8、h doesnt give out light itself，is only a satellite of the earth月球本身不发光，它只是地球的一个卫星。4先行词表示类属的事物时。Football，which is a very interesting game，is played all over the world足球是一项非常有趣的运动，全世界都踢足球。5先行词是专有名词时。1）Three of the biggest man-made projects in the world are the Great Wall of China，the Pyramids of Egypt

9、 and the Aswan High Dam， which is also in Egypt世界上最大的三项人造工程是中国的长城，埃及的金字塔和阿斯旺高坝，它也在埃及。2）The Nile，whichused toflood every year，now runs more regularly below the dam尼罗河年年涨洪水，现在比较正常地在大坝下面流过了。6先行词是表人的职业、品质、身份等名词，作定语从句的表语时。主句和定语从句之间含有对比的意思。Mikes brother is a policeman，which he isnt迈克的哥哥是警察，他可不是。7先行词是形容词作定

10、语从句的表语时。主句和定语从句含有对比的意思。Li Ling is very clever，which Li Long isnt李玲很聪明，李珑可不是。8先行词是集体名词表整体意思时。My family，which has 35people，is a largeone我家有35口人，是一个大家庭。9先行词是国家名词表地域概念时。Last year he went to Egypt，which is in Africa他去年去了埃及，埃及在非洲。三、as，which是指代主句内容的非限制性定语从句时，表依据、评论与表事实、状态等没有多大差别，又在主句末时，有时可以通用。1He is quite

11、pleased，as which can be seen from his face他非常高兴，从他的表情可以看出来。2You always work hard，as which everyone knows大家都知道，你一向勤奋学习。但是，上面两句把定语从句置主句句首时，就只能用as。3This elephant is like a snake，as anybody can see像任何人都能看见那样，这头象像条蛇。4Bamboo is hollow，which makes it very light竹子是空的，这就使得它很轻。 在否定意义的非限制性定语从句里，一般用which引导。5He

12、came to my birthday party，which I didnt expect at all我完全没有想到，他来参加我的生日聚会了。四、who，whom，whose等引导非限制性定语从句时，指代人的普通名词、专有名词等。表示正是或专指先行词等情况。在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语等。1Bobs father，who worked on the project，spent four years in Egypt鲍勃的父亲从事这项工程，在埃及度过了四年。2Dad，this is Zheng Jie，who I knew in Paris爸，这是郑杰，我在巴黎认识的。 这一句是用主格wh

13、o代替宾格 whom。 3His mother，whom he loved dearly， died in 1818他非常爱戴他的母亲，她死于 1818年。4Mr King，whose legs were badly hurt， was quickly taken to hospital金先生的腿受了重伤，他很快就被送去住院了。npronnumprepwhom；prep whom；in whose n；the nof whom等引导非限制性的定语从句。5He spoke of a pen-pal，the name of whom whose name Ive never forgotten他提

14、到过一个笔友，他的名字我从未忘记。6About 2，000people，many of whom were Europeans，worked on the project大约两千人从事过这项工程，其中很多是欧洲人。7In his office there are nine clerks，the youngest of whom is Mr Liu他办公室有9个职员，其中最年轻的是刘先生。8I decided to write about Chaplin，one of whose films I had seen several years before我决定写有关卓别林的代章，他的一部电影我几

15、年前就看过了。9We went to hear this famous singer， about whom we had heard many stories我们去听这个著名的歌唱家演唱。我们已经听说了有关他的很多故事。 品黄黑MYK10Mr Pattis，in whose office Ms King was working，was very surprised when he found out her secret金女士在帕蒂思办公室工作。他发现她的秘密时感到非常惊奇。五、when，where引导非限制性定语从句时，作定语从句的状语。when and then， where and t

16、here。why不引导非限制性定语从句。1He was quickly taken to hospital，where a doctor wanted to examine Mr Kings legs金先生很快被送去住院，在那里一个医生要检查他的腿。2Wewillput off the outing until next week，when we wont be so busy我们把郊游推迟到下个星期，那时我们不会那么忙了。3He went to America in 1912，where and when he was noticed by an important film directo

17、r他在1912年去了美国，当时他在那里引起了一个重要电影导演的注意。在prepwhere when非限制性定语从句里，where there，when then。4His head soon appeared out of the second storey windows，from where he could see nothing but trees他的头很快从第二层楼的一个窗户伸出来了，从那里他只能看见树木。5That was in 1929，since when things have been better那是在1929年，从那时起情况就已经好转了。6I went to bed a

18、t ten，before when I was reading for an hour我10点去睡觉，在那时以前我看了1小时的书。有时候where when可以用prepwhich替换。7The southern states wanted to set up a country of their own，where theywouldbe free to keep black slaves南方各州要建立一个属于他们自己的国家，在那里他们将自由地保留黑人奴隶。8I still remembered January 10，on which when he came to see me我仍然记得1

19、月10日，那一天他来看我了。1 基本区别 根据定语从句与先行词的关系，可将定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。一般说来，限制性定语从句是整个句子不可缺少的部分，如果省略会影响全句的主要思想，这种定语从句前面一般不用逗号；而非限制性定语从句则只是主句的一种补充说明，即即使去掉，也不会影响全句的主要思想，这种定语从句前通常有逗号隔开。如： This is the book that you want 这就是你要的那本书。 句中的you want为限制性定语从句，如果去掉，意思就不清楚。 He bought me a book， which was very useful 他给我买了一本书

20、，非常有用。 句中的which was very useful为非限制性定语从句，如果去掉，句子意思仍是清楚的。 2 关系词的区别 关系代词that和关系副词why通常只用于引导限制性定语从句，不用于引导非限制性定语从句。如： 她收到了老板的邀请，这是她意想不到的。 误：She received an invitation from her boss， that came as a surprise 正：She received an invitation from her boss， which came as a surprise 他失去工作的主要原因是他喝酒。 误：The main re

21、ason， why he lost his job， was that he drank 正：The main reason why he lost his job was that he drank 另外，在限制性定语从句中，关系代词which用作宾语时，如果不是紧跟在介词之后，通常可以省略；但在非限制性定语从句中，不管在什么情况下均不可省略关系代词which。 3 用法注意 当一个名词已由其他词语作了完整的表述，这个名词后则不宜再用限制限制性从句，而应改用非限制性定语从句。如： 我去看买的房子有一个很漂亮的花园。 误：My house which I bought last year ha

22、s got a lovely garden 正：My house， which I bought last year， has got a lovely garden 若要用限制性定语从句，则应将物主代词my改为the，即说成： The house which I bought last year has got a lovely garden 4 补充说明 非限制性定语从句有时形式上是从句，实质上其功用相当于一个并列的分句。如： He said he had no money， which was not true 他说他没有钱，这不是实话。（which相当于but it） Then he

23、met Mary， who invited him to a party 后来他遇到玛丽，玛丽邀请他去参加晚会。（who相当于and she） My father may have to go into hospital， in which case wont be going on holiday 我父亲可能需要住院，如果那样他就不去度假了。（in which case相当于and in that case）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的六点区别区别一：形式不同限定性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开，口语中使用时也不停顿；而非限定性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开，口语中使用时有停顿。

24、区别二：功能不同限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别，如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不清；而非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。如：People who take physical exercise live longer. 进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义)His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. 他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。(若把从句去句子意义仍然完整)区别三：翻译不同在翻译定语从句时，一般把限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前，而把非限定性定语从句与主句分开。如：He is th