马丹丹独立主格结构(1)

1、 优硕个性化教学教案 独立主格结构对比下面几组句子：1. The weather(being)hot,we all went swimming. As the weather was hot, we all went swimming. 2. The question settled, we went home. After the question was settled, we went home.3. Winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south. When the winter is coming on

2、,the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south.一、概念：“独立主格结构”是由名词或代词作为逻辑主语，加上分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成。这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系，通常称为“独立主格结构”。二、独立主格结构的构成： 我们先看以下句子：1、 There being nothing else to do, they went away.由于无事可做，他们离开了。（代词ing; 表原因） 2、Miss Wang come into the classroom, books in hand.王老师走进教室，手里拿着书。（无

3、动词结构；表伴随）3、The old man sat in his chair, his eyes closed.老人坐在椅子上，闭着眼睛。（名词ed; 表状态）4、Class over, we began to play basketball.放学了，我们开始玩篮球。（名词副词；表时间）5、Without a word more spoken, he picked up the paper.没再多说一个字，他拾起那张纸。（介词结构；表伴随）6、The last guest to arrive, our party was started.最后一位客人到了，我们的晚会开始了。（名词不定式；表时

4、间）总结独立主格结构的构成： 名词(代词) + 现在分词（表主动）、过去分词（表被动） 名词(代词) + 形容词 名词(代词) + 副词 名词(代词) + 名词 名词(代词) + 不定式 名词(代词) + 介词短语构成 3、 独立主格的特点（1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。 （2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是逻辑上的主谓关系。 （3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。四、独立主格结构与分词结构做状语、with+复合宾语结构的异同： 在使用独立主格结构、with +复合宾语结构、分词结构作句子的状语时，一定要看句子主语同这些结构的逻辑关系。 1、

5、当句子主语与该状语内部动词之间有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系时，该状语可用分词结构或从句表示。1)_ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A.Lost B.As he was lost C.He lost D.A and B 2)._for the bus at the stop, he suddenly caught sight of a thief. A.Waiting B.When he was waiting C.As he was waiting D.all the above 2、若句子主语与状语内动词之间不存在

6、逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系且状语内有自已的逻辑主语。则该状语不能用分词结构，只能用独立主格结构、with +复合宾语结构或从句。如：1.The soldier fell asleep _.A.with the candle burning B.burning the candle C.when he was burning the candle D.when burning the candle2._, the Tiananmen Square looks more beautiful. A.Being on B.When being on C.With all the lights on D.W

7、hen it turns on all the lights3. _ the notice, he had an idea. A. When he was watching B.Watching C.When watching D.all the above4._ the notice, an idea came to his mind. A.When he was watching B.Watching C.When watching D.all the above3、独立主格结构和with + 复合宾语结构在句子中作状语时，这种结构内部的分词或介词短语的逻辑主语不是整句的主语，即主句主语不

8、是他的逻辑主语。如：1._, well go fishing in the country.A.Permitting weather B.Weather permitted C.Weather permitting D.Permitting2._, he finished playing the game of chess.A.His eyes closing B.With his eyes closed C.Closing his eyes D.Closed his eyes3._, I couldnt get the book I wanted. A.Closed B.Library cl

9、osed C.Closing library D.With library closing 五、独立主格结构的句法功能 独立主格结构在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件和伴随等情况。1. 作时间状语School over, the students went home. 放学后，学生们都回家了。The ceremony ended, the games began. 仪式结束后，比赛开始了。2. 作条件状语It being fine tomorrow, well go boating. 如果明天天气好的话，我们就去划船。Li Lei coming, it is not necessary to

10、 ask Wu Dong. 如果李蕾来的话，就没有必要叫吴东了。 3. 作原因状语The meeting put off, we neednt hurry. 由于会议推迟了，我们就没有必要匆忙了。Mr. Li being ill, Miss Yang will give us this lesson instead. 李老师病了，杨老师将代他来给我们上这堂课。4. 作伴随状语Mr. Li comes here, with a book in his hand. 李先生手里拿着书过来了。A smile on her face, she asked what she could do for us

11、. 她面带微笑问道我们要什么 六、使用独立主格结构的几点注意1. 独立主格与状语从句的转换当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时，可用独立主格结构取代状语从句，但不再保留连词。如：After class was over (=Class being over / Class over), the students soon left the classroom.下课后，学生很快离开了教室。2. 不能省略being (having been)的情形在下列两种情况下，独立主格结构中的being（或having been）不能省略：(1) 独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。如：It being S

12、unday, we went to church.因为是星期天，我们去了做礼拜。(2) 在There being名词的结构中。如：There being no bus, we had to go home on foot.因为没有公共汽车，所以我们不得不步行回家。3. 通常不用物主代词或冠词在“名词（或代词）介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中，一般不用形容词性物主代词和冠词。如： Miss Smith entered the classroom, book in hand.史密斯先生走进了课室，手里拿着一本书。比较with的复合结构：Miss Smith entered the classroom

13、, with a book in his hand4. 独立主格结构没有所有格形式The chief-editor arriving, we began the meeting. 主编来了，我们开始开会。比较动名词复合结构：The chief-editors arriving made us very surprised.5. 独立主格的完成问题独立主格结构作时间或原因状语时，可用完成时，表示该动作发生在谓语之前。如：The listeners having taken their seats, the concert began.听众坐好后，音乐会开始了。Tom having been la

14、te over and over, his boss was very disappointed.由于汤姆一再迟到，他的老板非常失望。 关于独立主格题目的解题技巧1、逻辑主语+V-ing这种构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作执行者，分词表示的动作不是整句主语发出的动作，而是其逻辑主语发出的动作。如：1)._no bus, we had to walk home. A.There being B.Being C.Having been D.There was 2)_no bus, we had to walk home. A.As there being B.As there was C.Bei

15、ng D.There was3)_Sunday, the library doesnt open. A.Being B.There being C.It being D.Having been4)_Sunday, the library doesnt open.A.As it being B.Being C.It is D.As it is 2、逻辑主语+V-ed该构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作承受者。 1)_, the train started. A.The signal given B.Giving the signal C.The signal being given D.The

16、signal giving 2)_, the train started. A.After having given the signal B.After the signal given C.Giving the signal D.After the signal was given 3)_, the text became easier for us to learn. A.Explaining new words B.New words explained C.Being explained new words D.Having explained new words 4)_, the

17、text became easier for us to learn. A. When new words were explained B.Explaining new words C.New words explaining D.Being explained new words 3、逻辑主语+形容词（副词）该结构相当于一个未带动词的“主系表”结构。如：1)_, the patient can leave the hospital. A. Better conditions B. Conditions better C. Conditions are better D. Being bet

18、ter conditions2)_, the patient can leave the hospital. A. If better conditions B. If conditions better C. If conditions are better D .Being better conditions 3)_, wed like to go outing. A. Being Sunday B. Sunday OK C. Sunday is OK D. If Sunday OK4)_, wed like to go outing. A. If Sunday is OK B. Sund

19、ay being OK C. Sunday OK D. A,B and C5)_, you can wait a while.A. The play being still on B. The play still on C. Being still on the play D .A and B6)_, so you can wait a while. Which is wrong?A. The play is still on B. The play being still on C. As the play is still on D. The play still on7)He left

20、 the office, _. A.tears being in eyes B.tears in eyes C.being tears in eyes D.with tears being in eyes8) He left the office _. A.with tears being in eyes B.with tears in her eyes C.being tears in eyes D.tears being in eyes 二、独立主格结构在整句中可作以下成分：1、原因状语该结构在句中作原因状语时相当于一个原因状语从句。如：1)_ no bus, we had to walk

21、 home. A.There being B.As there was C.There was D.A and B2)_Sunday, the library doesnt open. A.It being B.As it is C.Being D.A and B 3)_, I had to ask for two days leave.A.Mother being ill B.Bother ill C.As mother was ill D. A,B and C4)_, we have to work late into the night.A.The exam near B.The exa

22、m being near C.As the exam is near D. A,B and C 2、时间状语独立主格结构作时间状语时相当于一个由when, as soon as, after等引导的时间状语从句。如：1)_, the train started. A. The signal given B. After the signal was given C .Given the signal D. A and B2)_, the text became easier for us to learn. A.New words explainedB.When new words were

23、explainedC.When teacher explained new wordsD.all the above 3、条件状语 独立主格结构作条件状语时可以改为由if引导的条件状语从句。如：1)_, well go to visit the Great Wall.A .Weather permitting B.If weather permits C. If permitting D. A and B2)_, the patient will recover himself soon.A.If the treatment is in time B.The treatment in time

24、 C.The treatment being in time D.A,B and C 4、伴随状语独立主格结构作伴随状语时相当于一个介词短语或并列谓语。如：1)The boy fell asleep,_. A.cap on head B.with a cap on head C.a cap on was on head D. all the above 2)Father came home,_. A.a dog following him B. followed by a dog C.being followed by a dog D.all the above 分词短语在句中常作以下状语：

25、1、原因状语 1)_late, we had to walk home. A.Being B.As we were C.We being D.A and B 2)_ busy, they had no time to play. A.As they were B.Being C.Because they were D.all the above 2、时间状语 1)_ the students homework, the teacher found a lot of mistakes.A.When he was correcting B.When he corrected C.Correctin

26、g D.all the above 2)_by your teachers, you are supposed to be modest. A.When you are praised B.Praised C.When praised D.All the above3、条件状语 1)_ more time, he is sure to finish his test paper. A.If he is given B.If given C.Given D.all the above 2)_ another chance, Ill do my job better. A.If I have B.

27、If having C.Having D.all the above 4、伴随状语1)Father came back, _ a bag of money on his left shoulder. A.carrying B.he was carrying C.and carrying D.all the above2)Father came back, _ by a monkey. A.and he was followed B.followed C.and was followed D.all the above 使用分词短语、独立主格结构、with + 复合宾语结构分别在句子中作状语时要

28、注意：它们与主句之间不应有从属连词（如when, if, as soon as, as, while等）或并列连词（如and, but, or, so等）。例如：1)_ the teacher told the class to go through the text A.Checking the answersB.Checking the answers and C.When checking the answers and D.all the above2)_a rainy day, so all the farmers had to stay inside.A.It being B.Be

29、ing C.It was D.all the above3)As_a little sick, he remained at the clinic.A.feeling B.he felt C.he felling D.all the above 综合练习：一、翻译练习1.新老师面带微笑走了进来。_2.他站在那里，嘴张得大大的。 _3.老师走进教室，手里拿着一把直尺。_4.他睡眼惺忪地转向我。_5.随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。_6.由于眼镜摔坏了，她看不见黑板上的字。_7.这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。_8.会议一结束，他们就都回家了。_9. 没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。_ 10. 考试结

30、束了，我们开始放假。_11. 别开着窗睡觉。_12. 整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作。_13. 如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。_14. 由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。_15. 他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。二、写作练习李华是一名学生，他住在一所绿树环绕的房子里。今天是清明节，李华从学校回到家。请根据以下内容写一篇日记，内容包括：李华觉得有很多要做，这个假日他得努力学习。他父亲工作一天之后觉得很累，头枕着胳膊睡着了。他的母亲做完家务后，坐下来看她喜爱的节目。他的弟弟这次数学考试不及格，有点沮丧，此时正躺在床上，两眼盯着天花板。他的妹妹得了感冒，门没关就睡了。他的爷爷坐在椅子上，嘴上叼着一只烟斗。写作要求：1）只能使用5个句子表达全部的内容；2）尽量多使用独立主格结构；3）日记的格式和开头已给出。April 4, Friday RainyWe live in a house with green trees surrounded. Today is Qingming, our Chinese traditional festival. After supper, we stayed at home with all the lights on._3、 高考中阅读理解长难句翻译1. （11年广东，C）I arr