普陀新王牌高中英语动名词Word版

1、高一英语语法知识（10）动名词(Gerund)动名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词。它可以支配宾语，也能被副词修饰。动名词有时态和语态的变化。特征：动词原形+ing构成，具有名词，动词的一些特征 。一、动名词的作用动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。1、作主语Reading is an art. Climbing mountains is really fun. Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffer. 动名词作主语，有时先用it作形式主语，把动名词置于句末。这种用法在习惯句型中常用

2、。如：It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk.It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. It is fun playing with children.动名词作主语的几种类型： 动名词可以在句子中充当名词所能充当的多种句子成分。在这里仅就动名词在句子中作主语的情况进行讨论。 动名词作主语有如下几种常见情况：1）直接位于句首做主语。如： Swimming is a good sport in summer. 2）用 it 作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。

3、 动名词做主语时，不太常用 it 作先行主语，多见于某些形容词及名词之后。如： It is no use telling him not to worry. 常见的能用于这种结构的形容词还有：better，wonderful，enjoyable，interesting，foolish，difficult，useless，senseless，worthwhile，等。 注意：important，essential，necessary 等形容词不能用于上述结构。 3）用于“There be”结构中。如： There is no saying when hell come.很难说他何时回来。 4）用

4、于布告形式的省略结构中。如： No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). No parking. 动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较： 动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语。在意义上相近。但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象动作，不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作。比较： Smoking is not good for health. It is not good for you to smoke so much. 注意： 1)在口语中，用动名词作主语位于句首的较不定式多见。 2)在“It is no use.”，“It is no good.”，“It is

5、 fun.”，“It is a waste of time.”等句型中，通常用动名词作真实主语： It is no use/good/a waste of time talking about that. 3)在疑问句中，通常用动名词的复合结构，而不用不定式的复合结构作主语： Does your saying that mean anything to him? 4)在“There be”句型中，只能用动名词，而不能用不定式作主语： - 2 - / 13There is no telling what will happen. It is impossible to tell what wil

6、l happen. 5)当句子中的主语和表语都是非限定动词时，要遵循前后一致的原则，主语和表语在形式上要求统一： Seeing is believing. To see is to believe.2、作宾语1）作动词的宾语下列动词只能用动名词作宾语，请牢记下列小诗：考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练，否认完成停欣赏，不禁介意准逃亡。consider / suggest / advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon； admit, delay/ put off, fancy/, imagine; avoid, miss, keep / keep

7、 on, practice; deny, finish, enjoy / appreciate; cant help, mind, allow / permit, escape, 另加：forbid, risk此外be used to, look forward to, lead to, devote to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, cant stand (无法忍受), give up, feel like, insist on, put off, thank you for, apologize for, be

8、busy (in), have difficulty / trouble (in), have a good / wonderful /hard time (in)等动词词组也要用动名词作宾语。The squirrels was lucky that it just missed being caught. I can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon.2）作介词的宾语We are thi

9、nking of making a new plan for the next term.Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? 3）作形容词的宾语The music is well worth listening to more than once.We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet.3、作表语动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。Your task is c

10、leaning the windows. (Cleaning the windows is your task.)What I hate most is being laughed at. (Being laughed at is what I hate most.)4、作定语动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如：a walking stick a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walkinga washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for wa

11、shinga reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for readinga measuring tape=a tape for measuring=a tape which is used for measuringsleeping pills=pills for sleeping=pills which is used for sleeping 二、动名词的逻辑主语带有逻辑主语的动名词称为动名词的复合结构。当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动名词之前加上物主代词或名词所有格，这便构成了动名词的复合结构。其中物主代

12、词（名词所有格）是逻辑上的主语，动名词是逻辑上的谓语。动名词复合结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等。如：Her coming to help encouraged all of us. Janes being careless caused so much trouble. Whats troubling them is their not having enough food. 注意：在口语中，如果动名词复合结构作宾语，其中的物主代词常用人称代词宾格，名词所有格常用名词普通格来代替，但在句首作主语时不能这样来代替。如：Would you mind my/me using your comput

13、er?The father insisted on his sons/his son going to college. Marys (不可用Mary) being ill made her mother upset.His (不可用Him)smoking made his family angry. 在下列情况下动名词的逻辑主语必须用名词的普通格或人称代词宾语：1).无命名词The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting. 这个婴儿被猛烈的关门声吵醒。2) 有生命名词但表示泛指意义Have you ever heard of wom

14、en practising boxing? 你听说过妇女练拳击吗？3) 两个以上的有生命名词并列Do you remember your parents and me telling about this? 三、动名词的时态和语态动名词的时态和语态如下：主动语态被动语态一般式writingbeing written完成式having writtenhaving been written其否定形式是在doing前加上not1、动名词一般式表示的动作通常是一般性动作，即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动作，或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的动作。如：I hate talking with su

15、ch people. Being careless is not a good habit.2、动名词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。如：I dont remember having met him before. Thank you for having taking so much trouble to help.3、动名词的逻辑主语同时也是动名词动作的承受者时，动名词用被动语态。1）它的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，或在其前发生。如：I dont like being laughed at in public.2）它的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。如：I am

16、very pleased at your having been honoured with a medal. 3）有某些动词，我们常用动名词的一般式表示完成式，尽管动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，这似乎是一种强大的习惯。如：Excuse me for being late. Thank you for giving us so much help. I dont remember ever meeting somewhere.4）动名词被动语态一般式与现在分词被动语态一般式同形，但无进行意义，being不可省略。如：She is afraid of being taken to the publ

17、ic. 四、常见题型：1）动名词做主语时，谓语动词为单数2）在动名词和不定式中，作为介词的宾语是动名词3）动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词not，通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语。如：I would appreciate_ back this afternoon.A.you to call B.you call C.you calling D.youre calling4）有些词后面加不定式和动名词均可remember, forget, try, stop, go on, mean后面均可用不定式和-ing形式，但意义截然不容。如：remember to do/doing：I rememb

18、ered to post the letters.（指未来/过去未来将要做的动作）I remembered posting/having posted the letters.（我记得做过这个动作）forget与remember的用法类似。regret的用法：I regret to inform you that（我很遗憾地通知你）I regretted having left the firm after twenty years.（为了“二十年前的离开”而遗憾。）try to（努力）与try +ing（试验）You really must try to overcome your shyn

19、ess.Try practicing five hours a day. 五巩固练习：1.No one enjoys at. A. laughing B. to laugh C. being laughed D. to be laughed 2.You must do something to prevent your house . A. to be broken in B. from being broken in C. to break in D. from breaking in 3.They insisted onanother chance to try. A. given B.

20、giving C. being given D. to be given 4.Where is my passport? I rememberit here.You shouldnt have left it here. Rememberit with you all the time. A. to put；to take B. putting；taking C. putting；to take D. to put；taking 5.His room needs, so he must have it. A. painting； painted B. painted； paintingC. p

21、ainting； painting D. painted； painted 6.After finishing his homework he went ona letter to his parents. A. write B. writing C. wrote D. to write 7.The young trees we planted last week requirewith great care. A. looking after B. to look after C. to looked after D. taken good care of 8.OnlyEnglish doe

22、snt meanthe language. A .to learn；to learn B. learning；learning C. learning about；learn D. learning about；learning 9.She returned home only to find the door open and something. A. missed B. to be missing C. missing D. to be missed 10.She decided to devote herselfthe problem of old age. A. to study B

23、. studying C. to studying D. study 11. Rememberthe newspaper when you have finished it. A. putting back B. put back C. to put back D. be put back 12. As she is looking forward to_from me, please remember_this letter on your way to school. A. hear；post B. hearing；to post C. be heard；posting D. be hea

24、ring；to posting 13.Grandma said that she had a lot of troubleyour handwriting. A. to read B. to see C. reading D. in seeing 14.Writing stories and articleswhat I enjoy most. A. is B. are C. was D. were 15.We appreciateus to the ball. A. them to invite B. to invite C. their inviting D. being invited

25、16.Would you mindquiet for a moment? Im trying a form. A. keeping；filling out B. to keep；to fill out C. keeping；to fill out D. to keep；filling out 17.He was afraidfor being late. A. of seeing B. of being seen C. to be seen D. to have seen 18.Id like to suggestthe meeting till next week. A. to put of

26、f B. putting off C. put off D. to be put off 19.I dont see how I could possibly managethe work without.A. finish；helping B. to finish；being helped C. finishing；helping D. finishing；being helped 20.Anything worthis worthy ofwell. A. doing；being done B. doing；doing C. to be done；to be done D. to be do

27、ne；being done 21.We advised them to take a rest, but they insistedthe work. A. finish B. to finish C. in finishing D. on finishing 22.I delayedyour letter because I had been away for a week. A. answer B. answering C. writing D. to post 23.The thief drove as fast as he could to escape by the police.

28、A. to be caught B. he caught C. being caught D. catching 24.I searched for my wallet and it wasnt there. At first, I thought I_ it at home. Then I rememberedit out to pay for the taxi.A. must have left；to take B. might have left；takingC. might leave； to take D. could have left；taking 25. the news of his fathers death, he burst into tears. A. After heard B. On hearing C. While hearing D. Having heard 26. his mother, the baby could not help _. A. To see；to laugh B. Seeing； to laugh C. Seeing；laughing D. To see；laughing 27.