高中语法定语从句的详细讲解

1、定语从句详解与练习（一）定义及相关术语1定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。2先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as关系副词有when,where,why.注意：关系代词与关系副词在定语从句中充当不同的句子成分，定语从句中缺主、宾、表，用关系代词；缺状语用关系副词，何为句子成分？五大基本句1. 主 + 谓（Vi） I come.2. 主 + 谓（Vt）+ 宾 I love you.3. 主 + 谓（Vt）+ 间宾 +

2、直宾 I give him a book.4. 主 + 谓（Vt）+ 宾 + 宾补 I make him happy.5. 主 + 系 + 表 I am tall.（二）关系代词引导的定语从句1which指物，在定语从句中做主语、宾语、表语。Thehousewhichisbythelakelooksnice.（主）湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。Thisisthepen（which）heboughtyesterday.（宾）这是他昨天买的钢笔。She was fond of dancing, which her brother never was. (表) 她喜欢跳舞,她弟弟从不喜欢。2that指

3、人/ 物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语。Thenumberofpeoplethat cometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.（人 主）每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。Whereistheman（that）Isawthismorning?（人 宾）我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？He is no longer a little boy that he used to be.（人 表）他已经不再是以前那个小男孩儿了。Theseasonthat comesafterspringissummer.（物 主）春天以后的季节是夏季。Theperson（t

4、hat）youintroducedtomeisverykind.（物 宾）你介绍给我的那个人很友好。3. who指人，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语。TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne. (主)正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。He is the man（who）I talked about to you.（宾）他就是我给你提到的那位男士。He is no longer the man who he used to be. (表) 他不再是以前的那个他了。4whom指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。LiMingisjusttheboy(whom)I

5、wanttosee.李明正是我想要见的男孩。5whose指人/ 物，在定语从句中作定语，表所属，“的”Ivisitedascientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.（人）我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家。Ioncelivedinthehouse推荐精选whoseroofhasfallenin.（物）我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。特殊情况归纳总结规则1：关系代词若在限制性定语从句中做宾语并且前面无介词时，关系代词可省略。She is the woman (whom/ who/ that) I saw yesterday.规则2：定语从句中的主谓一致(

6、1)关系代词在定语从句中做主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致I, who am your close friend, will try my best to help you.(2)one of + 复数名词+ 关系代词+ 复数动词 the only one of +复数名词+关系代词+单数动词，Tom is one of the boys who have passed the exam.Tom is the only one of the boys who has passed the exam(3)非限制性定语从句中，由关系代词as 或which代替整个主句时，从句谓语动词

7、要用第三人称单数。Great changes have taken place in China, as/ which is known to all.规则3：定语从句中的关系代词只能用that 的情况(1) 修饰词 + 先行词 + that（the only, the very, any, few, the first, the best 等 ）This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.(2) 先行词为不定代词 + tha

8、t(everything, something, nobody, none, all, few, any等 )All that can be done has been done.Is there anything that you want to buy?(3)Who/ Which(主句的主语)+ that (避免重复)Who is the man that is standing there?Which is the book that you bought yesterday?(4) 先行词（人+物）+ thatWe talked about the books and writers

9、that we knew.(5)有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已经用了which,另一个则用that.They have set up a company, which deals with the things that are related to environment protection.(6)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时，只用that.Hangzhou is no more the city that it used to be.规则4：定语从句中关系代词只能用which 的情况(1)在引导非限制性定语从句时_, which/ who/ who. The

10、tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here.(2) in / on/ from (介词) + which / whomWe depend on the land from which we get our food.He is the boy from whom I borrowed the book.(3) 有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已经用that,另一个则用which推荐精选规则5: 指人时，定语从句中关系代词只能用who 的情况(1)当先行词是anyone, those 时Is there anyone wh

11、o can help me?(2) 有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已经用that,另一个则用who规则6: whose 既可以指人又可以指物，在定语从句中作定语，后跟名词。 指物时，whose+名词=名词+of which= of which + 名词The classroom whose door / the door of which / of which the door is broken is on the second floor.规则7：as 和 which的区别(1)as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以在主句前，也可以在主句后，有时还可以插入句中，意为“正如,正像”；which

12、引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后，译成“这”As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.Smoking is harmful to ones health, as /which is known to all.(2)特殊代词as 的用法 . suchasI hope to get such a dictionary as he is using. soasI have never seen so clever a boy as he (is).the same as (表同一类)/ the samethat（表同一个）This is the

13、 same pen as I lost last week.这只笔跟我昨天掉的那支笔一样。This is the same pen that I lost last week.这支笔就只我昨天掉的那支笔。规则8：“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，指人时用whom, 指物时用which某些带有介词的动词短语，介词可以提至关系代词前，但在一些固定搭配的短语动词中，由于动词和介词不可以分割，不能将介词置于关系代词之前。如 take care of, look for, look after, care for等。He is the boy from whom I borrowed the book.

14、He is the boy whom I borrowed the book from.This is the book which/ that I am looking for.（三）关系副词引导的定语从句1. when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语；when=表示时间的介词（in/at/on/during）+which.I still remember the days when/during which I stayed in Beijing.(作状)I still remember the days which/that we spent together.（作宾）2. where

15、指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，where=表示地点的介词（in/at/on/under）+which.He showed me the place where/in which he lived.(作状)This is the place which/that we visited last year.（作宾）3. why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，why=表示原因的介词（for）+whichI dont know the reason why/ for which he looks unhappy today. (作状)The reason which/that you gave u

16、s was unacceptable. （作宾）特殊情况归纳总结推荐精选规则1：the way 作先行词的时候，定语从句中不缺主、宾、表时，用in which, that, / 。定语从句中若缺主、宾、表，则用 which, that。The way (in which, that, /) he answered the questions was suprising.The way (which , that) he explained to us was quiet simple. 规则2：一些特殊的先行词如 situation, point, case, activity, scene,

17、 period, festival, occasion等要注意具体情况具体分析，作主、宾、表时，用关系代词 that/ which; 作状语时，用关系副词where/ when 或“介词+which”。There is a point (that/ which) we must insist on.We are just trying to reach a point (where/ at which) both sides will sit down together and talk.注意：定语从句中的关系词选择规则：作主、宾、表关系代词（which/that/who/whom/as）作状

18、语关系副词（where/when/why）作定语关系代词（whose）(四)定语从句和其他句型之间的区别1. 定语从句与结果状语从句 He is such a good boy as everyone likes.He is such a good boy that everyone likes him.2. 非限制性定语从句与并列句He said nothing, which made me angry.He said nothing, and that made me angry.There are two boys in Peters, both of whom are white.Th

19、ere are two boys in Peters, and both of them are white.3. 定语从句与地点状语从句This kind of plant grows best at the place where it is warm and wet. This kind of plant grows best where it is warm and wet. 4. 定语从句与名词性从句 As is known to us all, the light on the earth is given by the sun. It is known to us all tha

20、t the light on the earth is given by the sun. What is known to us all is that the light on the earth is given by the sun.5. 定语从句与强调句 It was a small village that / which we know. It was in this small village that we got to know each other.（五）检测:(一)1This is the best factory _we visited last year .A. w

21、here B. which C. in which D. that2.Is this the factory _computers are built ?A. that B. which C. in which D. in that3.please pass me the dictionary _cover is red .A. whose B.its C. which D. which of4.The man _has arrived .推荐精选A. whom I told you B. that I told you C. whom I told you about him D. I to

22、ld you about5. Do you know the comrade _we are talking ?A. to whom B. to who C. whom D. to that6. They visited the house _the great writer was born .A. from where B. in which C. which D. in where7. The comrade _is speaking at the meeting is my teacher .A. whom B. which C. who D. whose8. He asked us

23、to watch carefully everything _he did in class .A. who B. that C. what D. where9. Ill visit the professor tomorrow ,_he will be back from Shanghai .A. who B. that C. when D. which10.The school _I study is a new one .A. on which B. at where C. on that D. at which11. China has many islands,_the larges

24、t is Taiwan .A. in which B. at which C. which D. of which 12. The city _my mother grew up is not far from here .A. what B. where C. that D. which13. Our teacher lives in the house _door faces to the north .A. which B. his C. that D. whose14. Do you know the man _your father nodded ?A. whom B. to who

25、m C. to who D. about whom15.Wrestling is a sport in _people easily get hurt .A. that B. when C. which D. what16. I told you _I know .A. all that B. all which C. all what D. all whom17.China has a lot of famous writers ,one _is Lu Xun .A. of which B. of whom C. of who D. of them18. Is this factory _w

26、e visited last year ?A. in which B. around that C. whom D. the one19. Who is the man _was there ?A. who B. which C. that D. whom20. Is there anything _I can do for you, sir ?A. that B. which C. whose D. who21. I still remember the day _she first wore that green dress . A. which B. in which C. on tha

27、t D. on which22. The knife _we used to cut the bread is very sharp .A. with which B. with it C. with that D. which23. The games _the young men competed in were difficult .A. in which B. which C. it D. who 24.It rained hard yesterday, _ prevented me from going to the park.A. thatB. whichC. as D. it25

28、. George Mallory was an English school teacher _ loved climbing. A. who B. whom C. he D. which 26.His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _ family was poor. A.of whom B.whom C.of whose D.whose 27.She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth.推荐精选 A.it B.which C.this D.that 28.In th

29、e dark street , there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help. A.that B.who C.from whom D.to whom 29.The weather turned out to be very good , _ was more than we could expect. A.what B.which C.that D.it 30.After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a c

30、hild. A.which B.where C.that D.when 31Carol said the work would be done by October,_personally I doubt very much.A. it B.that C.when D.which 32Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _,of course , made the others unhappy.Awho Bwhich Cthis Dwhat 33.Recently I bought an ancient Chi

31、nese vase , _ was very reasonable. A.which price C.the price of which C.its price D.the price of whose34._ has already been pointed out , grammar is not a set of dead rules. A.As B.It C.That D.Which 35.He lived in London for 3 months , during _ time he learned some English. A.this B.which C.that D.s

32、ame36.On the wall hung a picture, _ color is blue. A.whose B.of which C.which D.its37.Whenever I met him , _ was fairly often, I like his sweet and hopeful smile. A.what B.which C.that D.when38.The visitor asked the guide to take his picture _ stands the famous tower. A.that B.where C.which D.there3

33、9.The boss _ department Ms King worked ten years ago look down upon women. A.in which B.in that C.in whose D.whose40.I dont like _ you speak to her. A.the way B.the way in that C.the way which D.the way of which41.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella ._ I got wet through . A.Its the reason B.Tha

34、ts why C.Theres why D.Its how42.He made another wonderful discovery , _ of great importance to science.A.which I think is B.which I think it isC.which I think it D.I think which is43.He was very rude to the customs officer, _ of course made things even worse.A.who B.whom C.what D.whcih 44.There are

35、three bedrooms in the house,_ is Marys. A the smallestof which B the smaller of which C the smallest of them D the smallest one 45.The Greens will move into the new house next Monday,_ it will be completely finished.A by the time B by which time C by that time D by this time 46.Alice has a large col

36、lection of phone,_ was taken in london.A none of them B no one of which C all of which D none of which47.With the fast development of agriculture, the people _ village I taught before lived a happy life.A who B whose C in whose D in which 48.There is a moutain _ the top is always covered with snow.A

37、 whose B of which C its D that 推荐精选49.She may have missed her train, in _ case she wont arrive for another hour.A what B that C which D this 50.There are two thousand students in our school,_ are girls.A two-thirds in which B two-thirds in them C two-thirds of them D of whom two thirds （二）1.The plac

38、e _interested me most was the Childrens Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2.Do you know the man _? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 4.Do

39、you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5.That is the day _Ill never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6.The factory _well visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 7.Great changes have take

40、n place in the factory _we are working since then. A. where B. that C. which D. there 8.This is one of the best films _. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book _the other day? A. about which you talked B. wh

41、ich you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 10.The pen _he is writing is mine. A.with which B.in which C.on which D.by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that 12.The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old. A.to whom

42、B.on whom C.with which D. with whom 13.It there anyone in your class _family is in the country? A. who B. whos C. which D. whose 14.Im interested in _you have said. A. all that B.all what C. that D. which 15.I want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday. A. which B. who C. what D. as 16.He i

43、snt such a man _he used to be. A. who B. whom C. that D. as 17.He is good at English, _we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D. what 18.Li Ming, _to the concert enjoyed it very much. A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him 19.I dont like _ as you read. 推荐精选A. the novels

44、B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels 20.He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. whom D. what 21.The letter is from my sister, _is working in Beijing. A. which B. that C. whom D. who 22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds

45、 of _are women. A. them B. which C. whom D. who 23.Youre the only person _Ive ever met _could do it. A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who 24.I lost a book, _I cant remember now. A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that 25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, _Hangzhou is

46、 famous in the world. A.for which B.for that C.in which D what 26.I have bought such a watch _ was advertised on TV. A. that B. which C. as D. it 27.I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together. A.when; which B.which; when C.what; that D.on which; when 28.The way _

47、he looks at problems is wrong. A. which B. whose C. what D./ 29.This is the reason _he didnt come to the meeting. A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which 30.This machine, _for many years, is still working perfectly. A.after which I have looked B. which I have looked after C. that I have looke

48、d after D. I have looked after 31.The reason _he didnt come was _he was ill. A. why; that B. that; why C. for that; hat D. for which; what 32.He is working hard, _will make him pass the final exam. A.that B.which C.for which D.who 33.That is not the way _I do it. A./ B.which C.for which D.with which

49、 34.I have two grammars, _are of great use. A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which 35.I want to use the same tools _used in your factory a few days ago. A.as was B. which was C.as were D. which 36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _ was very kind

50、of them. A. who B. which C. that D. it 37.This is the magazine _ I copied the paragraph. A. that B. which C. from that D. from which 38.He is not such a man _ would leave his work half done. A. that B. which C. who D. as 39. You can depend on whatever promise _ he makes. A. / B. why C. when D. whose

51、 推荐精选40. Smoking, _ is a bad habit, is, however, popular. A. that B. which C. it D. though 41. - Did you ask the guard _ happened? - Yes, he told me all _ he knew. A.what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that 42. I shall never forget those years _ I lived on the farm with the farmers, _ has a great effect on my life. A.when; who B.that; which C. which; that D. when; which 43. The number of the people wh