43专题四时态与语态

1、考点精析专题四专题四 时态与语态时态与语态 高考链接高考链接学以致用高考链接高考链接考点精析考点精析15610学以致用学以致用一、概念英语中，不同时间以不同方式发生的动作或存在的状态要用不同的动词形式来表示，动词的这种不同形式称为时态。高考链接高考链接考点精析考点精析15610学以致用学以致用二、用法1.一般现在时与现在进行时的用法比较一般现在时主要表示现在的特征、状态、经常性动作或客观事实等；而现在进行时表示现在进行的动作或现阶段正在进行的动作。Americans eat more than twice as many vegetables per person today as they

2、did in 1910.Nick is looking for another job because he feels that nothing he does satisfies his boss.高考链接高考链接考点精析考点精析15610学以致用学以致用 【特别提醒】在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，要用一般现在时表示将来意义，而不用将来时态。If you run into any problems when you arrive at the airport, give me a ring.If you dont take away all your things from the de

3、sk, there wont be enough room for my stationery.2一般将来时和过去将来时一般将来时主要用于表示在现在看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态；过去将来时主要用于表示在过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。Everybody believes he will be the winner of the 100metre race.高考链接高考链接考点精析考点精析15610学以致用学以致用 【特别提醒】(1)“be about to do”通常不与具体的时间状语连用，但可以接when引导的句子，表示“正要做，突然”。They were about to g

4、o down the hill when it began to rain heavily.(2)“will (shall) do”和“be going to do” 都可表示意图。如果是事先考虑过的意图，要用 be going to；如果是说话时临时决定的，则用 will。I am sorry. I forgot to post the letter for you.Thats all right. I will post it myself.高考链接高考链接考点精析考点精析15610学以致用学以致用 3一般过去时和现在完成时的用法比较一般过去时主要表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，和

5、现在没有任何关系，可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。而现在完成时有两种用法：(1)动作发生于过去，一直持续到现在，可以和表示持续性的时间状语连用。(2)动作发生于过去，已经完成，但这个动作对现在有影响，一般没有明显的时间状语，主要通过上下文来理解。I wrote him a letter to show my appreciation of his thoughtfulness.He is the only one of the students who has been a winner of scholarship for three years.高考链接高考链接考点精析考点精析15610学以

6、致用学以致用 4一般过去时和过去进行时的用法比较一般过去时表示动作已经完成或在某一时间段内发生了某事；而过去进行时则表示过去某段时间内正在发生的动作或过去某段时间内持续的动作。For the sake of her daughters health, she decided to move to a warm climate. They were listening to pop music when I came in.5一般过去时和过去完成时的用法比较过去完成时既可以表示在过去某一个时间或动作之前就发生或完成的动作，也可表示过去发生的某一动作一直持续到过去的另一个时间。它和一般过去时的区别

7、主要在于时间的参照点上。He began to learn English when he was fifteen.The little girl cried her heart out because she had lost her toy bear.高考链接高考链接考点精析考点精析15610学以致用学以致用 6现在完成时和过去完成时的用法区别现在完成时和过去完成时都可和表示一段时间的状语连用，但现在完成时表示的是动作或状态持续到现在；而过去完成时表示的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间。He had learned more than 5,000 English words when he e

8、ntered the university at the age of 15.Many people have helped with canned food, however, the food bank needs more for the poor.7现在完成进行时现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在。现在这个动作可能刚刚终止，也可能仍在进行。Hi, Tracy, you look tired. I am tired. I have been painting the living room all day.高考链接高考链接考点精析考点精析15610学以致用学以致用 一

9、、概念语态是表示主语和谓语动词之间语法关系及语义关系的动词形式，有主动语态和被动语态两种形式。高考链接高考链接考点精析考点精析15610学以致用学以致用二、用法英语中的语态和时态是不可分割的，每种时态都有其相应的语态形式。在高考试题中，被动语态是重要考点之一。请看下面句子：The new suspension bridge had been designed by the end of last month.The lion is considered (to be) the king of the forest as it is a symbol of courage and power.在

10、复习被动语态时，我们还要注意以下几点：1.短语动词的被动语态使用短语动词的被动语态时，切记不要漏掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。Children in New China are taken good care of.The sick boy is being operated on now. 高考链接高考链接考点精析考点精析15610学以致用学以致用2.“get过去分词”形式“get过去分词”也可表示被动语态，该结构较口语化。He got hurt when he fell off the bike last week.3主动形式表示被动意义一些表示开始、结束的动词(start, begin,

11、close, end等)和表示主语某种属性特征的动词(read, write, sell, wear等)常用主动式表示被动含义。The shop closes at 6 pm every day.This kind of apple tastes good and sells well.高考链接高考链接考点精析考点精析15610学以致用学以致用 1(2009海南、宁夏、全国)His sister left home in 1998, and _ since. Ahad not been heard of Bhas not been heard of Chad not heard of Dhas

12、 not heard of【解析】根据状语since可知，本句应用现在完成时，根据hear of后应接宾语可知，这里应使用被动语态。【答案】B高考链接高考链接考点精析考点精析15610学以致用学以致用 2(2009四川)Why dont we choose that road to save time?The bridge to it _. Ahas repaired Bis repaired Cis being repaired Dwill be repaired【解析】题意：“为什么我们不选择那条道路来节省时间呢？”“通向那条路的桥现在正在维修。”根据语境可知，句子主语与谓语动词之间是被动

13、关系，且该动词的动作目前正在进行，这样才能成为出现上述情况的原因。【答案】C高考链接高考链接考点精析考点精析15610学以致用学以致用 3(2009湖南)When he _ the door, he found his keys were nowhere. Awould open Bopened Chad opened Dwas to open 【解析】分析题意“他发现他的钥匙不见了”说明前面还没有开门，应该用将来时态，排除B、C两项；在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，如果指将来的动作，从句不用will / would，所以A项也被排除。【答案】D高考链接高考链接考点精析考点精析15610学以致

14、用学以致用 4(2009山东)I was out of town at the time, so I dont know exactly how it _. Awas happening Bhappened Chappens Dhas happened【解析】题意“那时我出城了，因此不十分了解那事是怎么发生的”。后一句隐藏着at the time“那时”的时间状语，因此C、D两项错，“如何发生”不能用进行时态，因此A项错。【答案】B高考链接高考链接考点精析考点精析15610学以致用学以致用 5(2009安徽)Daniels family _ their holiday in Huangshan

15、 this time next week. Aare enjoying Bare to enjoy Cwill enjoy Dwill be enjoying【解析】时间状语为this time next week，强调将来的一个时间点丹尼尔一家将做的事，用将来进行时态。题意：下周的这个时候丹尼尔一家将在黄山度假。【答案】D高考链接高考链接考点精析考点精析15610学以致用学以致用 1The population of Jiangsu _ to more than twice what it was in 1949.The figure is now approaching 74 millio

16、n. Ahas grown Bhave grown Cgrew Dare growing 【解析】population是集合名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。【答案】A高考链接高考链接考点精析考点精析15610学以致用学以致用 2Edward, you play so well. But I _ you played the piano. Adidnt know Bhadnt known Cdont know Dhavent known【解析】根据语境知道，说话者只能是过去不了解“Edward弹钢琴这么好”的情况。【答案】A高考链接高考链接考点精析考点精析15610学以致用学以致用 3Ove

17、r the past decades, sea ice _ in the Arctic as a result of global warming. Ahad decreased Bdecreased Chas been decreasing Dis decreasing 【解析】题意：在过去的几十年间，由于全球气候变暖，北极的冰在不断减少。“over / in / during / for the past时间段”作状语时，主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。【答案】C高考链接高考链接考点精析考点精析15610学以致用学以致用 4Mary went to the box office at lunc

18、h time, but all the tickets _ out. Awould sell Bhad sold Chave sold Dwas selling【解析】动词sell out在go之前发生，而go已经是过去时，故sell out表示过去的过去，应用过去完成时。题意：Mary午饭时间去的售票处，但所有的票都已卖完了。【答案】B高考链接高考链接考点精析考点精析15610学以致用学以致用 5My parents have promised to come to see me before I _ for Africa. Ahave left Bleave Cleft Dwill lea

19、ve【解析】题意：我父母答应在我离开去非洲之前来看我。从该语境判断此处状语从句表示将来，故用一般现在时表将来。【答案】B高考链接高考链接考点精析考点精析15610学以致用学以致用 6The professor _ his son to watch TV until his son has finished reviewing his lessons.Awill be allowed Bwont allow Cwill allow Dwont be allowed【解析】题意为“那位教授要儿子复习功课之后才可看电视”。在until引导的时间状语从句中，谓语has finished形式上是完成时，实际上却是将来完成时。用这个时态是为了强调从句谓语动作在(将来)已经完成之后，主句谓语动作allow才可开始。【答案】B高考链接高考链接考点精析考点精析15610学以致用学以致用 7After about two hours heated discussion, the chairman announced that an agreement _. Ahas been reached Bhad been reached Chas reached Dhad reached【解析】reach所表示的动作发生在announced之前，所以用过去完