滴血之作：动词不定式精讲精练

1、始于1989 五星级名校冲刺第一品牌个性化学科优化学案学员姓名科目英语年级教师何老师课 题高考-动词不定式教学组长签字授课时间月 日备课时间月 日签字确认老师： 学生：作业布置学员课堂表现学 习目 标1 正确掌握并运用不定式的时态语态2 掌握不定式的几种特殊形式重、难、考 点 准确把握不定式的时态语态教学过程鹰击长空基础不丢1. Mrs Smith _ after drinking.(warn)史密斯太太警告她的女儿永远不要酒后开车。2. They are believed _ something secret.(talk)相信他们似乎正在谈些秘密的事情。3. The student_when

2、 his mother came in.(pretend.)当这个学生的母亲进来时，他假装正在努力学习。4. They _ something they had cooked on thefire.(seem)他们好像在吃火上烧烤过的什么东西。5. Charles Babbage is generally _ the firstcomputer.(consider)人们认为查尔斯巴比奇发明了第一台计算机。6. She _.(hate)她讨厌被人嘲笑。7. The magazines _out of the reading room.(allow)这些杂志不可以被带出阅览室。8. He _ in

3、 the accident.(say)据说，他在事故中受伤了。9. The man _ to the hospital.(report)据报道，那个人已经被送进医院了。10. The book _ into Chinese.(translate) 据说，这本书已被译成了汉语。重点考点句式归纳：1. 据说，据报道，人们相信，人们认为It is said/reported/believed/considered that sb/sth=sb/sth is said to do/to be doing/to have done/to have been done It seems that sb i

4、s doing= sb seems to be doing sth 某人好像正在做某事2. 不得不；必然；不能不 cannot but do / couldnt help but do I cannot but go aboard. She couldnt help but love him.3. It is + adj + (for/of sb) + to do sth It is easy for me to do that. It is kind of you to help us.4. 某人第几个做什么事情 He is often the first to come to the of

5、fice.5. 为了 in order to do /so as to do 6. 只能做 have nothing to do but do 不干什么事情就是做 do nothing but do 别无选择只有 have no choice but to do sth7. who/what/which/when/where/how + to do 作主语，宾语，表语 I dont know what to do . When to start has not been decided.8 . ，only to do 作结果状语，表示意料之外的结果 区别：，doing 表示意料之中的结果非谓语

6、动词I want to swim today.(不定式)Its no good waiting here(动名词)The sleeping boy is my son.(现在分词)The glass is broken（过去分词）I 在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式、动名词和分词（分词包括现在分词和过去分词）不定式主动语态被动语态与谓语动词的关系一般式To doTo be done动作发生在谓语动作之后进行式To be doing与谓语动作同时发生完成式To have doneTo have been done动作发生在谓语动作之前完成进行

7、式To have been doing动作发生在谓语动作之前To do that sort of thing is foolish。主语I want to see you this evening. 宾语All you have to do is to finish it quickly. 表语We found a house to live in. 定语She came here to study English. 状语I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation. 宾补不定式或不定式短语可起名词，形容词和副词的

8、作用，在句中做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语和宾语补足语。 不定式的否定式否定不定式时，否定副词(not,never,seldom,hardly) +to do前。如:She checked the names so as not to make mistakes. 一. 不定式在句中的作用：1、主语：不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。eg: To make a new dress takes her a lot of time. Not to get there in time is your fault.注：常句型1：It + 谓语 + to doeg: It takes us an

9、 hour to get there by bus.句型2：Its + n. + to doeg: Its our duty to help the poor.句型3：It is adj. for/of sb. to do sth. E.g. It is important for him to get up early. It is very honest of her to help the old people.注：for/of sb to do sth 为不定式复合结构。 1) of引起的复合结构只能做主语。eg: Its very kind of you to help me.用it

10、做形式主语，将to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。 2) for引起的复合结构在句中可做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语等。eg: Another method is for them to leave at once. (表语) Wed better find some work for the children to do. (定语) He put the paper on desk for you to read. (状语) What he told her made it impossible for him to go on her work. (宾语) Its common for

11、 leaves to fall from the trees in autumn. (主语)2、做表语：主语+系动词+不定式1). 其主语多为抽象名词(wish, need)eg: My wish is to be a scientist. The main thing is to keep our room clean.2). 不定式to let, to blame, to seek做表语,主动表被动.eg: The house is to let.3). be to do可构成将来时态,表 “准备/打算/计划/需要”; be是助动词，无词义,其主语为具体名词(人/事物); eg: She

12、is to return next week. It was about to leave when it started to rain.3、做定语: 不定式做定语总是放在它所修饰的名词之后,不定式表示的行为通常是未来的行为,它们常和被修饰的词有动宾关系,主谓关系和修饰性关系.1). 动宾关系: I have a lot of work to do. Give me a piece of paper to write on.2). 主谓关系: She is the best person to finish the work. Women and children were the firs

13、t to get into the lifeboat.3). 修饰性关系(同位),它所修饰的词多为抽象名词. need, time, way, right, chance, courage, reason, wish, movement. eg: There is no need for him to come. He has no time to read the book.4. 做状语:1). 目的状语: 可放于句首,也可放于句末, 前面可加in order/so as/soas to表强调.eg: He went to see the artist himself. He stopped

14、 to have a look. He ran so fast as to get to school in time.2). 结果状语:主要用在enough to/tooto/only to结构中。eg: The question is too difficult to answer. They worked hard enough to finish their work. I hurried to the supermarket, only to find it was closed.3). 原因状语: 主语+系动词+adj.+ to doa). 表感情的adj.有: happy, su

15、rprised, pleased, glad, sorry, anxious(忧虑), disappointed, careful, afraid, wrong.eg: Im very sorry to see you. He was afraid to leave him home.b). 说明句中主语在哪个方面存在形容词所表示的情况时,即与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，主动表被动. interesting, difficult, easy, important, possible, expensive, dangerous, useful.eg: The question is easy

16、to answer. He is difficult to teach.5. 做宾语: 不定式做宾语的情况，一般表示将来的行为,这时谓语和不定式的动作都是主语发出的.1). 下列动词只能按不定式做宾语.后接不定式做宾语的动词hope, agree, dare, decide, determinebegin, start, refuse, prepare,offermanage,try, aim, forget, remember ，chooseseem, pretend, learn, love, hate等。 (可记：希望同意敢决定，开始拒绝备提供，设法瞄准忘记选，似乎假装学爱憎。)2).

17、不定式做动词tell, teach, know, show, find out, discover, see(understand)的宾语时,不定式前常加连接代词who, which, what+to do和连接副词how, when, where+ to do构成不定式短语做宾语.eg: I dont know how to get there.3). begin, start, continue 后接不定式,动名词意思一样. 4). like, love, hate, prefer动名词表经常性的动作，不定式表一次性动作.5). remember, forget, regret后动名词表已

18、经做过的动作,不定式表没有做过或将要做的动作.6). stop, try, go on, mean, propose 后两者都可, 但意义不同. Stop to do 停止A去做B stop doing 停止正在做的事 try to do 想方设法做 try doing 尝试做 go on to do 继续做不同于前面的事 go on doing 继续做前面的事 mean to do 打算做 mean doing 意味着 propose to do计划,打算做 propose doing 建议做 7). a). prefer doing to doing prefer to do rather

19、 than do b). be used to doing used to do c). its no use doing its useless to do d). be worth doing (This place is worth visiting.) be worthy of being done (This place is worthy of being visited.) be worthy to be done (This place is worthy to be visited.)6. 做宾补(与宾语之间的关系实际上是逻辑上的主谓关系)1). 有些动词(短语)必须接to的

20、不定式做宾补后接不定式作宾补的动词 :permit,request,allow,command,tell,invite,cause,encouragewarn,adivse,persuade force,order,remind,teach等。(可记首字母：practice wap fort 实践攻克堡垒。)E.g. He asked me to help him. He forced me to give him a pen.ask, warn, want, allow, permit, order, advise, force, beg, cause, encourage, invite,

21、 persuade, get, require, prefer, call, leave, expect, use(allow/permit/advise doing sth)2). 与表示说话或心理状态的动词say, report, believe, suppose, think, understand, consider等的被动语态连用.eg: He is said to have written a new book about workers. He is considered to have worked out that problem.3). 与表示希望，期望，意愿的动词expe

22、ct, hope, mean, intend, plan, think, want, wish的过去时态连用，表曾经打算设想做却没做的事.eg: They expected to have gone to the match, but the tickets were all sold. They had expected to go to the match.二, 不定式的时态和语态 A 不定式的一般式(to do) 不定式的一般式表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生。 He appears to be very happy. 他看起来好像很高兴。（同时发生）

23、To catch the train, wed better hurry to the station by taxi. 为了赶上火车，我们最好赶紧乘出租车去车站。（to catch the train发生在hurry to the station之后） B不定式的进行式(to be doing) 不定式的进行式表示正在进行的或与谓语动词同时发生的动作。 It happened to be raining when I got there. 我到达那里的时候，天碰巧在下雨。 Im glad to be traveling with you. 我很高兴和你一起旅游。 C 不定式的完成式 (to

24、have done) 不定式的完成式表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生。 Im sorry to have lost your key. 我很抱歉把你的钥匙弄丢了。 It has been an honor for me to have been invited to your country. 对我来说，被邀请来你们国家是一件很荣幸的事情。 D 不定式的完成进行式(to have been doing) 不定式的完成进行式表示的动作在谓语之前发生并且一直进行着。 He was said to have been living in London for twenty years. 据说他在伦

25、敦一直住了20年。 Im sorry to have been interrupting you. 很抱歉，我一直打扰你。 比较： 不定式的时态意义。 He is said to be studying abroad. 据说他正在国外读书。（不定式的进行式表示动作正在进行） He is said to have studied abroad. 据说他在国外学习过。（不定式的完成式表示动作已经结束）E 不定式的被动形式 当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。不定式的被动形式根据其与谓语动作发生的先后关系，有一般式和完成时两种。 1一般式 to be don

26、e (后发生，未发生) These are the books to be given out to the students. 这些是要发给学生的书。 He asked to be sent to the place where he was most needed. 他要求被派往最需要他的地方。 2完成式 to have been done（早发生，已发生） The novel is said to have been translated into many languages. 据说这部小说已被译成多种语言。 He appeared to have been questioned fo

27、r many times. 看起来他已经被询问过很多次了。 非谓语动词历来是高考中的重点，不定式结构在考点中常占很大比重。其中TO的用法很复杂，现就TO在一些结构中常被省略的情况作如下小结。 1感官动词和使役动词在主动语态中不需要带to，即我们常说的“一觉二听三让五看”：feel,listen to 、hear ,let、make、have, see、watch、notice、observe、look at.He noticed Tom take a branch of flowers in his hand.他注意到汤姆手中拿着一束鲜花。The teacher has us write a

28、composition every week.老师要我们每周写一篇文章。The person was seen to enter the shop by us . 我们看见那个人进了那家商店。 但当这些动词为被动时其后的不定式必须带to. 如 He saw two men enter the room. I was made to do it 2由 all， what 引导的定语从句或主语从句或者主语被only, first, one, least 或形容词最高级修饰时，而且从句中含有do时，做表语的动词不定式，则往往省去to。即前有do，后不要to。All I did was empty t

29、he bottle.我所做的是倒空这个瓶子。What I wanted to do was drive all night.我想做的是彻夜开车。 The only thing I could do was do it myself 。我惟一能做的是我自己解决。but或except后接不定式时，如果它们前面有do便可省略to，其结构为can not do but/except (to ）do，She can do nothing but/except sing.她除了唱歌什么也没做。 There is nothing he could do but play all day long。他除了整天

30、玩，别无它事可做。 3常用的结构may well do，may as well do (还是好了，不妨)We might as well put up here for tonight.我们不妨今晚就在这儿过夜。 4不定式做help后的宾语补足语或宾语时，可带to也可不带。Can I help（to） carry it for you? 我可以帮你搬吗？I helped him（to） mend the bike.我帮助他修理自行车。 5在had better，would rather，rather than之后省略to。 Would rather do than do 宁愿.不愿.I wou

31、ld rather run away from home than marry her.Youd better not tell him the news .你最好不把这个消息告诉他。Rather than wait anyone, I decided to go home by taxi.我决定乘出租车回家而不愿等候任何人。突飞猛进考试连线 不定式符号的单独使用 为了避免重复上文中出现过的动词，可以用不定式符号to来代替上文中出现过的不定式结构。 1在助动词或情态动词之后，如be going to, used to, have to, ought to, be able to, be abo

32、ut to等。 She must go but you dont have to. 她必须走，但你没有必要。 -Do you think I ought to go to see my doctor 你认为我应该去看医生吗？ -Yes, I think you ought to. 是的，我想你应该去。 2在want, decide, like, love, hope, wish, mean, refuse, try等动词之后。 You may go with them if you hope to. 如果你希望的话，你可以和他们一起去。 -Did you go to see the Great

33、 Wall 你游览长城了吗？ -I wanted to, but I was too busy. 我本来想去的，但我太忙了。 3在做宾语补足语的ask, tell, order, advise, persuade, warn, wish, permit, allow, forbid等动词之后。 Dont do anything unless your father tells you to. 除非你父亲叫你去做，不然不要做任何事情。 -May I use your car 我可以用你的汽车吗？ -No, I forbid you to. 不，我禁止你使用。 4在对话的答语中的happy, glad, eager, anxious, willing, ready, pleased, afraid等形容词之后。 -Will you lend me a hand 你能帮我一个忙吗？ -Im willing to, but I cant now. 我很愿意，但现在不行。 -Would you please come to my birthday party tomorrow 明天下午来参加我的生日聚会好吗？ -Ill be glad to. 我很乐意。 提示： 如果动词不定式是to be或to ha