新概念2lesson15

1、课程名称：Good News教学对象：小学6 年-初一学生教材：新概念2授课内容：Lesson 15课时：2 课型：教学方法：讲授法教学目的与要求：1 能够熟读并背诵全文2 理解句中句子的转换重点、难点1 直接引语变间接引语及需要注意的几个变化教学过程设计（包括讲授知识、演示内容及案例、提问及学生演示内容）一 重点单词1 nervous adj. 精神紧张的，胆小的，神经过敏的eg. Are you nervous in the dark?在黑暗里你会感到紧张吗？Examinations made me nervous.：nervous 激动，紧张（由于害怕）eg.I am always ne

2、rvous when I have to make a speech. 发言时我总会感到紧张。upset 烦恼，心烦意乱（不愉快）eg. He is upset recently because he is lack of money. 2 afford v. 负担得起，买得起（常用在can，be able to 之后）eg.I really want to help you, but I cant afford the time.1) afford sth.买得起，付得起eg.I cant afford the coat. Its too expensive.I can only affor

3、d five yuan.2) afford to do sth. 担负得起做某事；有经济能力做某事eg.I can afford to buy the book. =I can afford the book 翻译：他买不起这台电脑。教法：afford 近义词和我们曾经学过的“花费”有些类似，spend ， cost， take，其中这些动词的用法我们以前都学过而且都复习过，老师在这里就不再过多提他们，但大家在心里一定要明确这几个词的用法。3 weak adj. 弱的，衰弱的eg. He is too weak to lift this heavy box.教法：在这个例句中，我们还应用到了一

4、个非常重要的短语，too to ，太 而 不能。 op. strong 强壮的 be weak in 在做得不好教法：这是我们以前学过的重要短语be good at 的反义短语，be weak in 后面可以直接加名词， He is weak in PE. 后面也可以加动词，但要用ing 形式。I am weak in playing soccer.4 interrupt v. 打断，停止eg. Dont interrupt me. It is rude to interrupt.He interrupted me while I was speaking.二 重点短语：1 tell sb.

5、that教法：tell 告诉，后面可以直接加宾语，在本文中后面引导了宾语从句，另外它还有一个非常重要的句型，tell sb. （not） to do sth. 告诉某人（不要）做某事。2 would see me教法：would 在这里是will 的过去式形式，情态动词后总是要接动词原形，这个短语是过去进行时形式。3 feel nervous教法：feel 是感官动词，后面要接形容词做表语。4 go into教法：我们在新1 Jimmys breakfast 中已经遇到过这个短语，翻译成 进到里去， 在这里用的是过去式形式went， go into = enter5 look up 教法：在本

6、文中翻译成向上看，另外它还有查找的意思，look up a word in a dictionary.6 in a weak voice教法：修饰声音低的形容词weak 或low，voice 指的是人好听的声音，noise 指噪音，sound 包含所有的声音。三 grammar直接引语变间接引语的用法导入：直接引语：直接引用别人的原话，一般要加引号。间接引语：用自己的话应用别人的话，不用引号。eg. John said, Im going to London with my father.约翰说：我要和父亲到伦敦去。（引号内是直接引语）John said that he was going t

7、o London with his father.约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦。（宾语从句是间接引语）间接引语的三要素：1）引导词2）语序3）时态（及人称的变化）间接引语:四种情况主句-从句(语序):主+谓+宾+.1、陈述句(句号) -that(可省略)2、一般疑问句(问号) - if/whether(or not)引导词3、特殊疑问句(问号)-特殊疑问词(what/how开头)4、祈使句/请求-ask/tell sb.(not)to do sth.下面我们来看一下直接引语变间接引语具体怎么变。一 人称的变化下面有一句顺口溜“一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新”。教法：顺口溜记起来非常容易，但我们目

8、的是要把它能正确运用到练习题中，下面老师来解释一下。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化：eg. She said. My brother wants to go with me. She said her brother wanted to go with her.教法：“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称：eg. He said to Kate. How is your s

9、ister now? He asked Kate how her sister was then。教法：“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化：eg. Mr. Smith said: Jack is a good worker。Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker。二、如何变时态如果主句谓语动词为过去时，间接引语中的动词时态按下列变化：（1） 一般现在时变为一般过去时（2） 现在进行时变为过去进行时（3） 一般将来时变为过去将来时（4） 现在完成时变为过去完成时（5） 一般过

10、去时变为过去完成时（6） 过去完成时不变，仍为过去完成时：eg. 1) She said. I have lost a pen. She said she had lost a pen.2) She said. We hope so. She said they hoped so.3) She said. He will go to see his friend。She said he would go to see his friend。但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。直接引语是客观真理。The earth moves around the sun and

11、 the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me. The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：Jack said. “John, where were you going when I met you in the street?” Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。直接引语中

12、有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变.Xiao Wang said. I was born on April 20, 1980。 Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。He said, I get up at six every morning。 He said he gets up at six every morning。如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已经是过

13、去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。Peter said. You had better come have today。 Peter said I had better go there that day。三、如何变状语：直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规则，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”（例：now变为then, yesterday变为 the day before）地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”（例：this 改为that),如：He said, These books are mine. He

14、said those books were his.四、如何变句型：直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。She said, Our bus will arrive in five minutes. She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.He said, Can you swim, John? He asked John if he could swim.You have finished the ho

15、mework, havent you? my mother asked. My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.Do you go to school by bus or by bike? He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。She asked me, When do they have their dinner? She asked me when the

16、y had their dinner.直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为tell(ask, order, beg等) sb.(not) to do sth.句型eg. Dont make any noise, she said to the children. She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise.Bring me a cup of tea, please, said she. She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“

17、suggest +动句词（或从句）。”eg. He said, Lets go to the film. He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film. 直接引语是感叹句时间接引语为what 或how 引导，也可以用that 引导。She said, What a lovely day it is !She said what a lovely day it was .或She said that it was a lovely day.如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时，

18、则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语原来时态。注意（1） 如果直接引语是表示客观真理时，变为间接引语，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：The teacher said The earth goes round the sun.The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.（2） 如果直接引语中有明确表示过时间的状语，变为间接引语时，一般过去时不改为过去完成时。如：He said to me, I was born in 1973.He told me that he was born in 1973.(3)如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样

19、生效，变为间接宾语时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：He said, Im a boy, not a girl.He said that he is a boy ,not a girl.(4)如果直接引语中的谓语动词表示一种反复出现或习惯动作，在变为间接引时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：The girl said, I get up at six every morning.The girl said that she gets up at six every morning.(5)如果直接引语中含有since, when, while引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，在变为间接引语时，只改

20、变主句中的谓语动词，从句的一般过去时则不变。如：He said to me, I have taught English since he came here .He told me that he had taught English since he came here.(6)如果直接引语中含有情态动词 must, need, had better以及情态动词的过去式could, might, should, would,在变为间接引语时，这些情态动词没有时态的改变。The teacher said to me . You must pay more attention to your p

21、ronunciation.The teacher told me that I must (have to ) pay more attention to my pronunciation.He said , I could swim when I was only six .He said that he could swim when he was only six.6.代词等一般地应作用相应的变化。指示代词 this -that these- those表示时间的词 1 now - then 2 today- that day3 this week(month ,etc) -that w

22、eek (month ,etc)4 yesterday -the day before5 last week(month) - the week(month) before6 three days(a year)ago-three days(a year)before7 tomorrow -the next (following ) day8nextweek(month)the next(following)week(month)表地点的词 here -there动词 bring take come go四 Exercise One1) I asked him how much_. A. do

23、es his new car cost B. did his new car cost C. his new car costed D. his new car cost2)Do you know _. A. what hes looking for B. what is he looking forC. what does he look for D. his is looking for3)Im not sure _.A. what is his name B. what his name isC. his name is what D. whats his name4)I dont kn

24、ow _.A. where does he live B. where did he liveC. where he lives D. he lives where5)I didnt know_. A. what she said B. what did she sayC. what she spoke D. what was she speaking6)I dont know_.A. when he will come back B. when will he come backC. when does he come back D. when did he come back7)Could

25、 you tell me where _ now?A.you are living B. do you live C. you live D. did you live8)He didnt know _he should go or not.A. ifB. weatherC. that D. whether9). He asked _ for the computer.A. did I pay how much B. I paid how muchC. how much did I pay D. how much I paid10). “Have you seen the film?” he

26、asked me. He asked me _.A. had I seen the film B. have I seen the filmC. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the film11). “Please close the window,” he said to me. He _me _ the window.A. said to; to close B. told to; closing C. asked ; to close D. said to; please close12). “I am a teacher,

27、” Jack said. He said _.A. that I am a teacher B. I was a teacher C. that he is a teacher D. he was a teacher13). He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.” He _- very naughty.A. said his mother that the boy was B. said to his mother that the boy isC. told his mother that the boy was D. spoke to his

28、 mother that the boy was14). “Youve already got well, havent you?” she asked. She asked _.A. if I have already got well, hadnt you B. whether I had already got wellC. have I already got well D. had I already got well.15). He asked , “ Are you a Party member or a League member?”He asked me _.A. am I

29、a Party member or a League memberB. was I a Party member or a League memberC. if I was a Party member or a League memberD. whether was I a Party member or a League member.16). He asked, “How are you getting along?” He asked _.A. how am I getting along B. how are you getting alongC. how I was getting

30、 along D. how was I getting along17). He asked me _ with me.A. what the matter is B. what the mater wasC. whats the matter D. what was the matter18). He said, “Dont do that again.” He _ me _ that again.A. said to me; not to do B. said to me; dont doC. told me; dont do D. told me; not to doExercise T

31、wo 陈述句1)She says,”I am a teacher.”She says_.2)She said,”I am a teacher.”She said _.一般疑问句1)“Are you from Japan?”he says to me.He( )me_.2)“Are you from Japan?”he said to me.He( )me_特殊疑问句3)“When does the train arrive?” Please tell me. Please tell me_4)“When does the train arrive?” Please told me.Please

32、 told me _.祈使句/请求1)“Dont make any noise.”Mother says to Tom.Mother( )Tom _.2)“Open the window.” Mr Li said to me.Mr Li ( ) me _.3)“Would you like to show me your book?” Kate says to me.Kate( )me_.Exercise Three 把直接引语变成间接引语(陈述句)一般现在时1)“We go to school on Saturday.”2)“I want to give your sister a Chri

33、stmas card.”3)“I will visit my daughter in March.”He says 4)She says, “Im glad to meet you.”把直接引语变成间接引语(陈述句)一般过去时5)“I am a teacher.”6)“We are at the coffee shop.”They said _7)“I dont have any books about animals.” Rik told Annie _8)“The earth goes round the sun.”The teacher said _Exercise Four把直接引语变成间接引语(一般疑问句)一般现在时1)I really dont know.“Did they go to the park yesterday?”2)The principal wants to know.“Do the students study hard?”把直接引语变成间接引语(一般疑问句)一般过去时3)They wondered.“Shall we buy some food for picnic?”4)“Is your mother a doctor or