大学英语资料unit1

1、unit onegrowing up writing for myselfwarm up questions can you guess what the texts in this unit are going to be about? i guess the texts are going to tell us some stories about growing up what do you think of growing up? growing up is by no means an easy thing. it is a long travel companied by diff

2、iculties. we have to be patient. in addition, we should have courage to overcome these difficulties. life is full of adventure. we never get to know what will happen on us. we should be prepared well to face up to any problems. what qualities do you value most when you grow up? ( honesty, loyalty, t

3、ruthfulness, courage, perseverance, friendliness, kindness, generosity, selflessness, sympathy, charity, thriftiness, forgiveness, patience and cooperation) is there anything in your life that made you change much?background knowledgerussell baker russell baker was the noted journalist, humorist, es

4、sayist, and biographer. baker received his second pulitzer prize in 1983 for his autobiography, growing up (1983). with a moving mix of humor and sadness, baker insightfully recounts the struggles he and his mother endured in depression-era virginia, new jersey, and baltimore after his father passed

5、 away. the books greatest achievement is bakers portrayal of his mother, a driven woman haunted by poverty and dreams of her sons success. i would make something of myself, he wrote, and if i lacked the grit to do it, well then she would make me make something of myself. john lennon john lennon (194

6、0-1980) was an english rock musician and cofounder of the beatles, the most lauded and influential rock group of all time. he was born on october 9th.1940 in liverpool, england. on december 8th.1980, he was shot dead outside his apartment in the dakota building in new york city. the killer was a cra

7、zed fan, mark chapman, who had recently obtained lennons autograph.spaghetti 意大利面 spaghetti is the italian-style thin noodle, cooked by boiling and served with sauce., unlike some chinese noodles, it is not served in soup and will never taste pulpy. the proper way of eating spaghetti usually you wou

8、ld put a fork into a plate of spaghetti, turn the fork several times so that spaghetti will wind around the fork, then place the fork into your mouth. its impolite to suck. spaghetti 一词源于意大利语spago，意思是一条线。一条意大利粉是spaghetto，通常用复数的spaghetti 。意大利面条是意大利的象征，是高营养、低热量、品种丰富的保健食品。意大利面条含有大量碳水化合物、蛋白质和维生素，可以有效地减少

9、人体内的胆固醇堆积，改善冠状动脉情况，同时也非常适合运动员作为赛前的食品，既不加重消化器官负担，又能积聚足够的能量。 grade school in the u.s.a.美国的年级制 一般来说，美国的学校包括小学（elementary school: 幼儿园到5或6年级）， 中学( middle school: 6到8年级) 或初级高中( junior high school: 7到9年级), 高中( high school: 9到12年级或10到12年级)。课文中的 “ the third year in high school” 相当于11th grade.the pupils essay

10、 in u.s.a. 美国小学生的作文 美国教师布置的作文一般不定题，而是定“场景”。 譬如，当你坐船遇到暴风，你漂流到一个孤岛上，你将怎样生存下去？这样学生需要发挥自己的想象力，学生之间的可比性必然很高。这类题目显然必须经过查参考书、利用图书馆、电脑查询等多种收集和整理信息资料的过程才有可能完成。美国教师出的作文题目都非常宏大。譬如，我怎样看人类文化、我心目中的美国 这类题目换起了孩子们的好奇心、求知欲，他们在满足心理欲望的过程中自然而然地会运用写作这一工具。grasping the structure of the text1.scan text a and find out all th

11、e time words, phrases and clauses.2.ask ss two questions: -when does baker start talking about his new experience? ( hint: the paragraph containing “later in the year”) -when does baker stop writing about his new experience? ( hint: the paragraph containing “when i finished” and “next morning”)3.in

12、this way ss will be able to divide the text into 3 parts and sum up the main ideas. t draws ss attention to text organization exercise 2.organization parts paragraphs main ideas part one paras 1-2 part two paras 3-5 part three paras 6-9 organization parts paragraphs main ideas part one paras 1-2bake

13、r was bored by everything associated with english courses, including essay writing.part two paras 3-5part three paras 6-9 organization parts paragraphs main ideas part one paras 1-2baker was bored by everything associated with english courses, including essay writing.part two paras 3-5baker found hi

14、mself attracted by one particular topic and wrote about it for his own joy.part three paras 6-9 organization parts paragraphs main ideas part one paras 1-2baker was bored by everything associated with english courses, including essay writing.part two paras 3-5baker found himself attracted by one par

15、ticular topic and wrote about it for his own joy.part three paras 6-9 the experience of writing the essay helped him discover his talent for writing and realize what he wished to do in life. paragraphsheadings 1bakers feeling about english courses2bakers impression of his new english teacher3a topic

16、 that attracts bakers attention4vivid memories the title brought back5bakers sudden desire to write about that topic6anticipating punishment7mr.fleagles announcement8classmates response to the essay9what baker discoveredtext analysis russell baker is very good at selecting details to prove his point

17、. for example, in para. 2 he creates an unfavorable image of mr.fleagle by describing his “formal, rigid and hopelessly out-of-date” eyeglasses, hairstyle, clothes, jaw, nose, and manner of speaking. whats more, russell baker employs repetition not only to make it easy for readers to follow what he

18、is saying, but also to impress them more deeply. for example, in para. 2, there are 9 prims or primlys in as few as 3 sentences! thus readers will have in their mind a vivid picture of what mr. fleagle looked like. another example of such repetition can be found in para.5. count how many i wanteds t

19、here are in this paragraph (there are 5!). they help to emphasize russell bakers strong desire to write for himself.text analysis作者非常善于选用细节来论证自己的观点。如，在第二段，他通过描写mr. fleagle的 “formal, rigid, and hopelessly out-of-date” eyeglasses, hairstyle, clothes, jaw, nose and manner of speaking，创造出一个不讨人喜欢的先生的形象。另

20、外，作者在文章中运用了“反复”这一手法，其目的不仅仅是让读者容易理解他的意思，更重要是为了给读者留下更深刻的印象。例如，作者在仅仅三个句子中使用了9个prim 或 primly。 这样读者脑海里对mr. fleagle 的外貌便形成了一幅生动的画面；此外在第五段，作者用了5个i wanted 来强调想为自己写作的强烈愿望。另一方面，在不适宜出现重复的地方，作者又善于通过使用同义词、同义短语避免行文的单调、重复，例如：text analysison the other hand, where this stylistic device is not justified, baker is als

21、o expert in avoiding repetition by employing synonymous words and phrases. here are some examples:dull , lifeless, cheerless, tedious turn out, write, compose, put downanticipate, prepare forformal, rigid, prim, correct, proper, respectablevivid memories of sth. come flooding back to sb., sth. reawa

22、kes in ones mind, sb. recalls sth. recapture, relivepleasure, delight happinesscontempt, ridiculetopic, title from time to time, now and again, irregularly断断续续地,有时 雨断断续续地下了一整天。 it rained off and on all the day. 雨断断续续地下了一周，所以感觉衣服湿乎乎的。 it has been raining on and off for a week. thats why the clothes f

23、eel damp.npossibility: state of being possible; (degree of) likelihood (usu. followed by that-clause or of)n- so far we have not seen any possibility of their reaching an agreement.n- it was a possibility that they would turn a deaf ear to all that you said.2. take hold: become establishednthe idea

24、of one child only has taken hold in many chinese families.nold habits die hard. thats why you should stop smoking before the habit takes hold. 令某人极度厌烦n- he was bored with /of doing the same thing every day.n- she finds opera boring.n- he always bored his mother with the same excuse.n- he is such a b

25、ore that nobody likes him.n- its a bore having to go out again on a cold night like this. 3. associate: vt. join or connect together; connect or bring in the mindn我们经常由玫瑰联想到爱情。 we often associate roses with love.n- cigarette smoking is associated with lung cancer. n- we associate china with the grea

26、t wall. 4. turn out: a. come out or gather as for meeting, public event, etc.b. prove c. shut off d. produce; make na large group of protesters have turned out.nthe school has turned out some great scholars.nturn out the light before you go to bed.nthe plan turned out a failure.nwe are to turn out 1

27、00,000,586 computers next year to meet the market requirements. n- to expand their vocabulary, the teacher assigned the students five books to read.n- the boss assigned him to the task.5. anticipate: expect (usu. followed by gerund or that-clause)n 我们预料需求可能增加。 we anticipate that demand is likely to

28、increase. nthey anticipate that death from aids will have doubled by 2002.6. inspire: vt. fill sb. with confidence, eagerness, etc. n这一发展鼓舞我们更加努力地工作。 such a development inspired us to work still harder. nhe is inspired by beautiful scenery. 他从美丽的风景中获得灵感。 n- his words inspired me to work harder.n- th

29、e leaders courage inspired confidence in others.专指在精神方面给人以鼓舞，使其增强信心、勇气或希望。 主要指激发人的兴趣或积极性。 多指人或物受到外界因素的刺激，从而改变其懒散、冷淡或迟钝等状态。 out ofn1.from insidenout of the pocketnout of the windownout of the corner of his eyen2.away fromnout of controlnout of fashionnout of dangernout of sightnout of datenout of tou

30、chnout of usenout of doorsn3.withoutnout of reasonnout of patiencenout of worknout of trainingnout of tunenout of printnout of cashn4.because ofnout of lovenout of interestnout of sympathynout of respectnout of curiosity7. severe: adj.a. completely plainnthe widow wore a severe black dress to her hu

31、sbands funeral.nhemingway is known for his severe writing style.c. causing very great pain, difficulty , worry, etc. -distribute sth. to / among sb. n- the teacher distributed the handouts to the students.n- the worlds wealth is not fairly distributed between men and women. n- he couldnt face up to

32、the fact that he had failed in the exam.n- we should face up to the difficulties we encounter in life. 8. tackle: vt. deal with ntoshiba (东芝) recently designed a robot that can tackle almost any kinds of house-work.nthe question set by the teacher was so difficult that the student did not know how t

33、o tackle it.tackle a difficulty 解决困难 tackle tasks 处理任务fishing-tackle 鱼具 9. sequence : n. connected line of events, ideas, etc.npeople usually deal with events in historical sequence. 人们通常按历史先后顺序研究大事件。nplease keep the cards in sequence, dont mix them up. 请把纸牌按顺序排好，别弄乱了。 事情的先后顺序；逻辑顺序（论点先后的衔接）ni have a

34、 poor memory for dates and often mix up the sequence of events. nyour argument lacks logical sequence, for your second point does not follow the first.系列，组nprofessor li will give a series of lectures on the middle east issue.nthe post office has issued a series of stamps commemorating olympic games.

35、10. compose: vt, write or create( music, poetry, etc.)nthe presidents speech is really brilliant. do you think it was composed by himself or by someone else?njone lennon composed the song beautiful boy for his son.nhe spent his spare time composing poetry. 11. command a. ordernthe commander gave the

36、 command that all prisoners of war should be well treated.b. give an order to nthe captain commanded his men to leave the ship immediately.nthe king commanded that the victory day become a national holiday. ( as with the verbs “suggest, demand”, subjunctive mood is used in a that-clause after comman

37、d.)12. .hold back: prevent the expression of ( feelings, tears, etc.) nhe was accustomed to holding back his emotions.他惯于控制自己的感情。npeople could hardly hold back their anger when they found that millions of dollars of public funds had been used to build luxurious houses for city officials. 13. in addi

38、tion, more importantly更重要的,更有甚者,而且 nhes dirty, and whats more, he smells. 他很脏,身上还有味儿呢。 nits a useful book, whats more, not an expensive one. 这是本有用的书，而且并不贵。14. 可以说,在某种程度上 nhe became, as it were, a man without a country 在某种程度上,他成了一个无国籍的人。 nhe is, as it were, a walking dictionary. 可以说，他是一个活字典。useful ex

39、pressions1.断断续续 2.对感到腻味 3觉得 枯燥难懂 4以而出名 5据说某人6拘谨刻板，落后于时代7随笔小品文8躺在沙发上9不得不面对10围坐在晚餐桌旁off and on useful expressions11.重现在我脑海中 12自得其乐 13违反规定 14不及格分 15别无选择，只好做 16更不可思议的是 17 专心听讲 18乐乎乎地开怀大笑 19心花怒放 20最后的时刻 reawake in my mind for my own joy violate the rulesa failing gradethere is no choice but to dowhats mo

40、re listen attentively laugh with open-hearted enjoyment pure delight at the eleventh hour1. reviewing unit 1 2.self-study unit 2 (text a)3.extensive reading1). text b of unit 1 and unit 2 2). fast reading 4.essay writing: (a narrative记叙文) a memorable experience( a story that impressed you most in yo

41、ur life ) n enjoy the songlyrics wait till you hear from me by sarah connor introthis song is about mariaa close friend of minewho lost herself in drugsshe told me to wait for herbut guess what.she never came backand im still waitingshe told me choruswait til you hear from memonday, tuesday it wont

42、bewednesday, thursday we will seeif only you can wait baby wait til you hear from mefriday use your fantasysaturday yougot over meif only you can wait baby verse 1she was called maria and she really was a friendi remember when we were walking hand in handshe was telling me that she understandsall th

43、e world and every thrill by taking little pillsso she was trying everything and morealcohol and speed, coke and weed and tried to score tragedy: she didnt feel much better than beforeso she got away here quick to find a better kick bridgenever let it, wanna find hercant forget it to remind hershes m

44、y sister, wanna tell herhow i miss her, she told me chorus b-choruswait, dont call youve got towait til you hear from mewait, thats all youve got towait. verse 2when she arrived in the city of the stars blinded by the lights, a burning in the heartshe believed to play what she called her parta membe

45、r of society to satisfy her dreamsno one paid attention on her skillsso she found crack is another way to fillthe emptiness inside right now she got her thrillguess, who gave his life away? she did it every day bridgenever let it, wanna find hercant forget it to remind hershes my sister, wanna tell herhow i miss her, she told me chorus narration part:why did she throw her life away?why did she say dont call just wait? c-part:if you wanna go to the city of starscan you help me to find my girl mariashe onc