形容词、副词(词形转换)讲与练

1、形容词、副词（词形转换）讲与练想一想I. 在下列句子的空格处填上适当的单词。1. The little boy was _ ill that nothing could be done to save him.2. When she heard the news, she was _ excited to say a word.3. _had she got to the staion when the train left.4. No _ had Tom got home when it began to rain heavily.5. It was _ a hot day that man

2、y people went swimming in the river.6. Though he is not rich himself, he tries his best to help _ poor. 7. He was late time and again for his work. _, he got fired last week.8. She failed many times in the experiment. _, she wouldnt give up.9. Lily is one of _ most hardworking student in our class.1

3、0. Tommy can run much faster _ all of his classmates.11. Li Ming can speak English _ well as a native speaker does.12. Mary does her experiment _ carefully than all the other girls do.13. This building is three times _ height of the building on the other side of the road.14. Though this hotel isnt t

4、he best one in this city, it is _ most comfortable hotel.15. Do you know _ shorter of the two girls? 1. so 2. too 3. Hardly/Scarcely 4. sooner 5. such 6. the 7. Therefore 8. However 9. the 10. than 11. as 12. more 13. the 14. a 15. the II用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空1. Just then, the sick old lay down _(die).2. A

5、s we all know, English is _(wide) used in our daily life.3. The foolish farmer tried to help his crops grow _(high) by plucking them.4. The Changjiang River is ten times the _(long) of that one.5. She was so _(excite) that she couldnt say a word.6. It is known to all that the Changjiang River is the

6、 first _(long) river in China.7. Would you please tell me the _(late) news about the incident?8. I dont think your demand is quite _(reason).9. She made so many _(care) mistakes that she failed the test this time.10. You must work hard so that you can make more _(contribute) to the country.11. Youd

7、better fill in the _(apply) form first if you want to apply for this job.12. There is no _(argue) as whether to put off the meeting till tomorrow. 13. Mr. Li has been interested in _(photo) when he was still a little boy.14. Each of us is able to enjoy _(free) of speech in our country.15. His theory

8、 is of great _(significant) to our experiment.Keys: 1. dead 2. widely 3. higher 4. length 5. excited 6. longest 7. latest 8. reasonable 9. careless 10. contributions 11. application 12. argument 13. photography 14. freedom 15. significance讲一讲 对于形容词和副词，我们应侧重于下面几个方面的知识的复习与掌握：一注意掌握形容词和副词的基本用法：1. 形容词常用作

9、表语或定语；而副词则用作状语，修饰句中的动词，也可用于修饰形容词或其它的副词。如：The old man is always ready to help others.2. 形容词还可用在句中作状语，表示伴随、原因或结果等。如：He went to bed, cold and hungry. / The dog lay down, dead.3. 大多数以a-开头的形容词一般用在句中作表语，也可作后置定语。这类形容词有：alone、afraid、awake、alive、alike、asleep等。如：She is the only person alive in the accident.4某

10、些形容词前面加上定冠词可以表示一类人或物。这类形容词有：rich、poor、old、young、beautiful、dead等。如：We should pay more attention to the old in cold days.二注意把握固定句型中的形容词或副词。在语法填空题中，我们常常发现会考查这些句型中的形容词或副词，因为它们的搭配都是固定的，不可更改。如：tooto结构、sothat结构、hardlywhen、no soonerthan、suchthat、so/asas。这些句型中的副词通常都是被考查的对象。三英语中，有相当一部分副词表示一定的逻辑关系。这些词语往往也是被考查的

11、对象。这类副词常见的有：A表示转折关系的副词：however、nevertheless、otherwise等。 B表示因果关系的副词：therefore、thus等。C表示递进关系的副词：besides、furthermore、moreover等。D表示次序的副词：firstly、finally、secondly、thirdly等。 四注意把握形容词和副词的三级及相关用法：1as/so.as结构中，只能用形容词或副词的原级。此外还要注意它所修饰的对象是名词还是动词，从而确定as/so.as结构中用形容词还是副词。as.as可用于肯定句和否定句中，而so.as结构只能用于否定结构。如：1).Sh

12、e is not so/as careful as her brother. 2).She doesnt write so carefully as her brother.2表示两者或两部分进行比较时要用比较级。三者进行比较时，则要用最高级。单音节和双音节的比较级和最高级分别在词尾加-er或-est构成比较级或最高级。多音节形容词或副词的比较级和最高级则是在单词的前面加more或most构成最高级。如：1).Tom writes more carefully than Mike, but Green writes the most carefully in the three.2).Tom

13、is taller than Mike, but Mike is the tallest of the three.3在比较级前，常用much、little、a little、still、even、far、a lot等修饰。但more修饰一个名词时，意为“又，再，还”。这时，more前面的修饰语一定要能够修饰后面的名词.如：1).She runs even faster than her mother.2).Please give me two more apples.3).Would you like some more coffee?4最高级前通常用定冠词修饰，但副词的最高级可不用the修

14、饰。如： 1).Mike is the tallest boy in this class.(Mike是这个班最高的男孩。) 2).She runs fastest of the three.(在三个人当中，她跑得最快。)5在形容词的比较级和最高级前面还可用冠词修饰：1).“the+比较级”往往表示“两者中较.的那个”。 如:the taller of the two girls(两个女孩子中较高的那个); 2).“a/an+比较级+名词”则表示“一个更/较.的”。如：Give me a bigger apple.(给我一个更大一些的苹果.)3).“the +形容的最高级+名词”表示“最的”。

15、如:This is the most interesting film I have seen this year.(这是我今年看的最有趣的电影。)4).“a most+形容词+名词”则表示“一个十分/很.的”。如：This is a most comfortable restaurant.(这是一家十分舒适的饭店。)6. 倍数常用的表达方式有如下几种：1).倍数+ as .as结构。如：This river is three times as long as that one.2).倍数+比较级。如：The elephant is three times bigger than the pi

16、g.3).倍数+the+名词(这类名词通常是表示长、宽、高、大小、尺寸等的名词，如age、size、height、weight、length、width等)+of。如：The elephant is three times the weight of the pig. 五注意掌握所学单词的相关的派生词，注意各个派生词的词性。此外，还应掌握各类词性在句子中的用法。掌握一定的构词法是我们扩大词汇量、学好英语的有力武器之一。因而在广东省的高考试题的语法填空题中，专门设置了一题用来考查同根词或者派生词，这也是与新课标的要求一致的。练一练I. 在下列各句的空格处填上一个适当的单词1. The old g

17、oat was _ weak that it was dying fast in the cave.2. The young man is still not mature _ to do the work.3. She was _ nervous on the stage to go on with her performance.4. _had she got to bed when she heard a knock on the door. 5. No _ had Tom heard the words when she hurried to the hospital.6. It wa

18、s such a freezing cold day _we could see few people in the street. 7. I wont go to the film this evening. Its so late now. _, I have seen the film already. 8. The government called on _ rich to contribute more money to help the poor people.9. She smokes too much at work. _, she has damaged her healt

19、h.10. She failed again in the test. _, she didnt lose heart.11. He couldnt have attended the meeting yesterday. _, I would have seen him.12. As we all know, China is _ most populous country in the world. 13. I can hardly believe that Betty can speak Chinese _ fluently as we do.14. The sooner you fin

20、ish your work, _ better it will be. 15. This square in three time _width of the previous one. Keys: 1. so 2. enough 3. too 4. Hardly/Scarcely 5. sooner 6. that 7. Besides/ Furthermore/Moreover 8. the 9. Therefore/Thus 10. However 11. Otherwise12. the 13. as 14. the 15. theII. 用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空1. As ti

21、me went on, the old mans health is getting from bad to _(bad).2. The _ (tall) of the two girls is the girl I always talks about with you.3. The _(much) exciting news is that our team has won 100 medals in the Olympics.4. Can you tell me something about the _ (classify) of the plants?5. The police ar

22、e still not so sure about the _ (identify) of the dead body. 6. His friends gave him a lot of help in his_ (promote) in the company. 7. It is said that Mr. Smiths new _ (appoint)will be announced next week. 8. The young man has gained a great amount of wealth and his _(accumulate) in wealth has attr

23、acted great attention from the public. 9. They want to put on an _ (advertise)in the local newspaper so as to help sell their products. 10. On my _(arrive) in Beijing, I began to hunt for a job all over the city.11. Five police are assigned to watch over the _(move) of the young man.12. You dont hav

24、e to be so neatly dressed because it is only a(n) _(form) meeting.13. Only _(environment) problems are discussed at the meeting.14. In recen years, _(employ) is getting from bad to worse in that country.15. It is a well known fact that smoking is too _(harm) to our health.Keys: 1. worse 2. taller 3.

25、 most 4. classification 5. identification 6. promotion7. appointment 8. accumulation 9. advertisement 10. arrival 11. movement12. informal 13. environmental 14. unemployment 15. harmful代词讲与练想一想I在下列句子的空格处填上适当的单词1. The information on the Internet gets around much more rapidly than _ in the newspaper.

26、2. Little joy can equal _ of a surprising ending when you read stories. 3. Jim sold most of his things. He has hardly _ left in the house. 4. There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow _?5. Which driver was to blame? -Why, _! It was the childs fault, clear and simple. H

27、e suddenly came out between two parked cars.6. We had a picnic last term and it was a lot of fun, so lets have _ one this month. 7. My grandma still treats me like a child. She made _ her duty to look after all the other peoples affairs in that town.8. Who called me this morning when I was out? -A m

28、an calling _ Robert.9. Are the two answers wrong? -Yes, _is not correct.10. _did he care about his own health though he was seriously ill.11. Either the boy or his sister must have taken _ dinner here.12. Toms mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but _ didnt help. 13. Mr Alcott, headm

29、aster of the school, refused to accept _of the three suggestions made by the Students Union.14.-Do you want tea or coffee? -_.I really dont mind.15. It was so hot a day that Lily treated _ with a cold drink at the supermarket. Keys: 1. that 2. that 3. anything 4. it 5. neither 6. another 7. it 8. hi

30、mself 9. either10. Little 11. their 12. it 13. none 14. either 15. herself讲一讲 在广东省的高考试题中，语法填空题同样也会测试到代词这一语法项目。特别是在近两年的高考试题中，代词是广东高考试题中的一个热点的测试项目。下面主要谈一谈最可能出现在语法填空题中的代词及其用法。I. 注意掌握和正确使用各类人称代词的主格、宾格的拼写形式及用法。人称代词的主格在句中作主语；宾格在句中作宾语或表语。 单 数 复 数 格 我 你 他 她 它 我们 你们 他们主格 I you he she it we you they宾格 me you

31、him her it us you them II. 物主代词有形容词性和名词性的区别。注意掌握它们的形式及用法。物主代词常常放在名词的前面对这个名词进行修饰或限制。这一用法在近两个的广东高考试题中均有考到。 单 数 复 数 我 你 他 她 它 我们 你们 他们形容词性 my your his her its our your their名 词 性 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 形容词性的物主代词主要在句中作定语；名词性的物主代词相当于“一个形容词性的物主代词+名词”。它可在句中作主语、表语或宾语。如：1).Who is your moth

32、er?(形容词性物主代词作定语修饰mother)2).This chair is mine.(名词性物主代词作表语)3).This is not your book. Yours is over there.(名词性物主代词作主语)III. 反身代词：myself、yourself、himself、herself、itself、ourselves、yourselves、themselves。.反身代词在句中可用作宾语、表语或同位语。如： 1).The boy is still too young to dress himself.(作宾语)2).I myself can manage it.(

33、作I的同位语)IV. 指示代词：this、that、these、those、it等。对于指示代词，同学们要掌握如下几点：1在句中的功能：指示代词都可用作主语、宾语、定语、宾语等。2 this/thse常用于替代时间上或空间上较近的人或物；that/those则用于替代时间或空间上较远的人或物。如：3this/these一般提后面要说的事物；而that/those则指前面讲过的事物。4that/those常用来替代前面出现过的名词。those替代复数名词，而that 则替代单数名词或不可数名词。如：1).The weather in Beijing is cold than that in Gu

34、angzhou.(that替代不可数名词weather)2).The picture on the left is more beautiful than that on the right. (that替代单数名词picture)3).The girls in our class work much harder than those in your class. (those替代复数名词girls) V不定代词：不定代词是历年来高考试题中考查最多的一类。不同的代词有其不同的用法。同学们应特别注意如下几组词语的用法： 1.one、some、any的用法： 1).one可泛指任何人或物，它还可

35、以用在this、that的后面用来替代前面出现过的可数名词。它的复数形式是ones；它的所有格形式是ones；它的反身代词是oneself。如： One should love ones country.(人人都应爱国。) These apples are too small. Give me some bigger ones.(ones替代前面的apples) 2).some和any通常用作定语，修饰可数名词或不可数名词。some修饰单数名词时，通常表示不确定的含义，意为“某一”。如：Some boy called you just now. 3).some可用于疑问句中，表示邀请或请求，或

36、希望对方给予肯定的答复。如： Would you like some tea?(表示邀请) Can I have some water?(希望得到肯定答复) 4).some、any、every、no可与one、body、thing构成复合不定代词。这些不定代词一般都看成单数。some构成的不定代词通常用于肯定句中，any构成的复合不定代词则用于否定句和疑问句中。但有时，要注意特殊情况下这些不定代词的使用。如： -Is everybody here? -No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave. 2.no one与none的用法： no one表示“人”,意为“没

37、有人”，只能用于指人，不可用于指物。因而它常用于回答who的提问。它不可与介词of连用。如：-Who is in the classroom?-No one. none则可用于指人，也可用于指物。它强调数量，意为“一点也不，一个也不”。因而它常用于回答how much和how many的提问。none还可与介词of连用。与of连用时，通常指“三者以上的人或事物中没有一个”。如： 1) -How much water is there in the bottle? -None. 2). They were all tired, but none of them would stop to hav

38、e a rest. 3.other和another的用法: other表示泛指意义，意为“另外的、别的、其它的”。它常与复数名词或不可数名词连用。如果其前有the、this、some、any、each、every、no、one以及形容词性物主代词时，其后就可接单数名词。注意other的下面几种变形： 1).others：它是other的复数形式，表示泛指，意为“别的人或物”，但不指全部。如：Many students are playing on the playground. Some are playing football, others are playing basketball.（

39、许多学生在操场上玩。一些在踢足球，一些在打蓝球。） 2).the other表示两者中的另外一个。这时，the other可单独使用，也可后接单数名词。如：The old man has two sons. One is a worker; the other is a teacher. 但如果the other后接复数名词或者the other本身用复数形式(the others)，都可表示其余的全部。如：We shall do some cleaning this afternoon. Group One will clean the wall. Group Two will clean

40、the windows. The other students will sweep the floor. 3).another常用于指三者或三者以上中的“另外一个”。它可单独使用，也可后接名词。如果其后接复数名词，表示“又、再、还”。如：(1).This cap is too small for me. Show me another one.（这顶帽子太小了。另外拿一顶看看。）(2).We shall need another three assistants in our shop.（我们商店还要三位服务员。） 4.all和both的用法： 这两个词语都可表示“都”，但all表示三者或三

41、者以上的人或物。both则表示两个人或物。它们都表示肯定意义，但如果它们与not连用时则表示部分否定。如:1).All of them are middle school students.（他们都是中学生。）2). His parents are both teachers.(他的父母都是教师。)3).Both of his parents arent workers.(他的父母不都是工人.)4).All of the students arent here on time.(并非所有的学生都按时到了.) 5.neither和either的用法: 这两个词语都可用于表示两个人或物。neith

42、er表示否定意义,意为“（两者中的每一个）都不”；而either则表示肯定意义，意为“（两者中的每一个）都”。如：(1).There are trees and flowers on either side of the street.(2).Neither of her parents is pleased with her.练一练在句子空格处填上适当的单词1. I asked him for some money, but he hadnt _.2. -Are the two answers correct? -No, _ is correct.3. As we were busy doi

43、ng our work, _of us heard the sound.4. It is impossible for so_ workers to finish the work in a short time.5. Id been expecting some letters the whole morning, but there werent _for me.6. _of them knew about the plan because it was kept a secret.7. Dont spit in public places. You are old enough to l

44、earn to behave _now.8. -Have you finished your homework yet? -No, Ill finish in_ ten minutes.9. I agree with most of what you said, but I dont agree with _.10. Can you come on tomorrow or the day after tomorrow? Im afraid _day is possible.11. Many students are doing sports on the playground. Some ar

45、e playing basketball; some are playing volleyball; _ are playing football.12. There are trees and flowers on _sides of the streets. How beautiful!13. The picture on the left is more beautiful than the _ on the right.14. This shirt is too short for me. Would you please show me _?15. The old man has t

46、wo sons. One is a worker and the _ is a teacher.Keys: 1. any 2. neither 3. none 4. few 5. any 6. None 7. yourself 8. another 9. everything 10. neither 11. others 12. both 13. one 14. another 15. otherit用法讲与练想一想1.He got his first book published. It turned out to be a bestseller. When was _?2. He didn

47、t make_clear when and where the meeting would be held.3Thank you for joining in our conversation tonight _is my duty.4. -Have you heard the latest news? -No, What is_?5. I dont mind her criticizing me, but_ is how she does it that I object to.6. _ is our belief that improvements in health care will

48、lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy. 7. How long do you think it will be _ China sends a manned spaceship to the moon? Perhaps two or three years. 8. A the busiest woman in Norton, she made _ her duty to look after all the other peoples affairs in that town. 9. David said that it was because

49、 of his strong interest in literature _ he chose the course. 10. It wasnt until nearly a month later _ I received the managers reply. 讲一讲 It在语法填空题中是一个高频词汇。同学们应侧重从如下几个方面把握它的用法： 一it可用作人称代词，代替前面提到过的人或事。It、that、one都可用于替代前面出现过的名词。使用时注意这三个替代词之间的不同之处。that指的是前面提到过的名词中的一类事物，但不是同一事物，可用于替代可数或不可数名词；one则只能用于替代前面

50、出现过的可数名词，并且指这类事物中的一个。其复数形式是one。而it则用于替代前面出现过的可数名词，并且指这个名词所代表的事物本身。如：1.I cant find my pen anywhere. I must have lost it.本句的it就指的是前面的pen本身。2.I cant find my pen. Im going to buy one.本句的one指的是前面的pen所指的同类事物。3.This picture is more beautiful than that on the right.本句的that替代前面的可数名词，但它通常要定语修饰。本句的on the right

51、就是that的一个后置定语。 二it可用于表示天气、时间、距离、自然环境等。这时，它常用作句子的主语。如：1.It was very cold in Beijing in winter. it在本句代指天气。2.What a long way it is from Beijing to London!it在本句中指代距离。3.It was too late and I had to leave for home.it代指时间。4.It was quiet in the school at night.it在本句中代指自然环境。 三it可用于代指说话各方彼此都知道的的东西。还可用于代指人，特别是

52、不知对方的姓别时。如：1.Where does it hurt?2.Whos that? Its Li Ming.”3.Whose baby is it? Its very lovely. 四it可用来代指整个句子所表达的意思。这一用法在历年来的高考试题中经常涉及.如：She failed the examination and it made her parents worried. 五作形式主语代替句子后面出现的真正的主语不定式、动名词或从句。如：1.Its important for us to learn English well, especially as our country

53、has become a member of the WTO.2.It is no use doing that again.3.It is important that student should learn their lessons well. 六it用在find、feel、think、consider、make、take等动词之后，作形式宾语，代替后面的真正的宾语不定式、动名词或that从句。如： 1.We all think it important to learn English well.本句的it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式to learn English well

54、. 2.We all feel it necessary that we students obey the school rules.本句的it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的that从句 七掌握it在强调句型中的用法：it用于强调句型“It is/was.that”中。这个句型是历年来高考测试的一个热点项目。这个句型可用于对句子(除谓语外)的任何一个成分进行强调。it用于强调句型时，应注意如下几个方面的知识的把握： 1强调句型强调时间状语时，不要将强调句型与“It is.since/before/when/where”混淆了。强调句型有如下两个典型的特征：1）it不表示具体内容；2）被强调部分是时间或地点状语时，通常在表示时间或地点的名词前面有一个介词或其后有副词。而在“It is.since/before”句型中，it表示时间。试比较：(1).It is five years since h