定语从句精编

1、主从复合句-定 语 从 句什么是定语： 1The beautiful sight attracts many tourists every year. 2The wallet on the desk is mine. 3I dont know the lady in a red dress. 4My classmate didnt join in us . 5He went to the school library . 6A woman police officer was praised for her good work. 7. Bob is an 18-year-old America

2、n boy. 8. Mum has much housework to do . 9 . He had something to tell us.10The demanding boss wasnt satisfied with my work. 11That building being repaired is our library. 12The excited boys burst into cheers. 13His surprised expression suggested that he didnt know the shocking news. 14He is one of t

3、he students that have been late. 15That was the boy who helped her yesterday. 归纳： 定语用来修饰_或代词, 起限定作用。作定语的典型词类是_和_, 也可以是_、_、_、_、_,_等。定语一般位于被修饰词之前，但若修饰复合不定代词(如something)时, 或者是短语或定语从句作定语, 则总是放在所修饰名词的后边。I.概念:在复合句中，修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句；被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句必须放在先行词之后；引导定语从句的词叫关联词或关系词。II.关联词: 常见的关联词有关系代词: that，

4、which, who，whom，whose和关系副词where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时在定语从句充当重要的句子成分, 如who , whom, which, that 充当主语或宾语, when充当时间状语, where充当地点状语, why充当原因状语等. 比如:1. This is the soldier who saved the boys life.这就是救了那个男孩命的战士. 先行词 关联词 定语从句2. Mum gave me a pen which/ that cost 80 yuan .妈妈给了我一支价值80元的钢笔先

5、行词 关联词 定语从句u *what 不能引导定语从句。u 关系词在定语从句中一定充当某种句子成分.u *定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句两种.我们使用的大多是限定性定语从句，非限定性定语从句(常由which, who , where, when)常用逗号把它和先行词隔开. Eg: a. The girl who sits next to me is Meimei.(限定性定语从句) b. The girl, who is flying the kite, is my daughter.(非限定性定语从句)III.种类 一 由关系代词which, who , whom, that引

6、导的定语从句. （一） which指代物， who指代人,whom指代人，只能作宾语。一般情况下that可指人或物,在从句中作主语或者宾语， Eg: a. My hometown is Gaozhou which/that is famous for its fruits. 我的家乡是因水果而闻名的高州. (which / that 指物,在定语从句中作主语)b That is our foreign teacher that/who comes from America. 这是我们的外籍教师,来自美国. (who / that 指人,在定语从句中作主语)c. Wang Lei lent me

7、 a book which/ that he borrowed from the library. 王雷借给我一本他从图书馆借的书.( which/ that 指物,在定语从句中作宾语)d. The man who/whom/that he helped came to visit him for gratitude. 他曾经帮助过的那个人回来感恩他。（who/whom/that在从句中作宾语） e. This is the thief who/that stole my bike. 这是偷我单车的小偷.(who/that在定语从句中做主语.) f. I met an old friend w

8、ho/that is a policeman. 我遇见了一位当警察的老朋友。(who/that在定语从句中做主语.)g. He is the boy whom / who/that you wanted to find. 他就是你要找的男孩. (who/ whom/that在定语从句中做宾语.)Exercise I: 用定语从句合并句子，1. I helped a little girl. The girl got lost in the market.2. The thief ran away. He caught the thief just now. 3. He comes from Q

9、ingdao. It faces Yellow Sea of China. 4. My father has a brother. He went to the USA ten years ago. 6. He went to the Grand Canyon. It is in Colorado in America.7. The police found his son. He got lost three days ago.8. Millions of people visit the Great Wall. It is the symbol of China.9. The old ma

10、n died last week. We often help him.10. Well have a holiday. It will last half a month.11. She told us the news. It made up very surprised.12. She became a reporter. The reporter is liked by many people.13. The woman is my aunt. She is wearing a red dress.14. I called my e-friend. I often talk with

11、him by QQ.15. The girl is from England. She often helps me with my English.Exercise II: 用定语从句翻译下列句子。1他们去医院看望在事故中受伤的人。2玲玲丢了父亲上个月买给她的MP5。3我有一位在广州市第八中学读书的网友。4他在网上买了一部产自香港的数码相机。5刚才被老师惩罚的那个男孩是我的同桌。6年轻人救了那个不小心跌落水中的小女孩。7Mr. Wang 给我们做了有关环境保护的报告。8农民们去年种的树被人砍了。9中国有很多濒临灭绝的动物。10林明喜欢深圳，一座现代化的城市。(二) whose 引导的定语从句

12、指某人的, 或某物的 在定语从句中做定语,后跟名词.EG：a. The girl is waiting for you outside. Her/The girls mother is a doctor. -The girl whose mother is a doctor is waiting for you outside. 妈妈是医生的那个女孩在外面等你. (whose在定语从句中做定语.)b. The boss fired a young man. His / The young mans name is Ke Hui.-The boss fired a young man. whos

13、e name is Ke Hui. 老板开除了一个名叫柯辉的年轻人. (whose在定语从句中做定语.) * 表示某物的所属关系时，也可用whose , 或者of whichc. I live in the room. The windows of the room face south.-I live in the room whose windows face south.-I live in the room, windows of which face south. 我住在窗户朝南的房间. (whose在定语从句中做定语.)Exercise: 合并句子。1Weve heard of t

14、he singer. Her songs are very popular now.2This is the boy. His home is next to mine.3Do you know the person ? His clothes are wet outside.4Mr. Li is a doctor. His treatment is very useful to patients.5 John is a naughty boy. His parents both work in Shanghai.6. The students can get the scholarship.

15、 Their grades are good. 7. We did a survey. The topic of the survey was about the students sleeping problem.8. I visited a church. The main part of it was destroyed in the war.9. They had a discussion. The topic of it is whether the oral test should be canceled.10. He bought a house. The structure o

16、f the house is perfect. (三) 由which引导的定语从句，有时并不指代某物，而是可以指代其前面的整件事情或整个句子的内容，用逗号和主句隔开。Eg: a. He failed in the last English exam. It made him depressed. -He failed in the last English exam, which made him depressed. b. The baby had a constant fever. Her parents were worried about it. -The baby had a con

17、stant fever, which her parents were worried about. c. The global warming is continuing. It leads to the more deaths of polar bears. -The global warming is continuing, which leads to the more deaths of polar bears.Exercise: Translate the following sentences.1. The living expense is rising more rapidl

18、y, which makes people feel more stressful. 2. The heavy rain was lasting the whole night, which led to the streets drowned heavily.3. More and more citizens buy private cars, which causes the traffic jam more severely.4. The girl survived the air crash, which surprised all of us. 5. Some workers wer

19、e late for work, which made the manager quite angry.6. 父亲整夜都在咳嗽，令我很担心。7袁隆平在水稻研究方面做出了巨大贡献，这让他蜚声海内外。8他们班获得冠军，这让老师很自豪。9附近新开了一家超市，给我们带来了极大的方便。10你应该多休息，这样有利于你的康复。(四) 在下列情况之下，修饰物时，只能用that不能用which.1. 先行词为不定代词, 如: all , something, anything, nothing, everything, , the one 时. Eg: a/ Is there anything that you

20、 want to buy in the shop ? 你有在商店要买的东西吗? b/ I told them all that I know. 我告诉了他们我知道的全部2. 先行词时序数词或被序数词修饰时. Eg: a/ The first people that invented paper were ancient Chinese. b/ This is the fifth gold medal that he won in the Olympic Games.3. 先行词是形容词最高级或被最高级修饰时. Eg: a. He is the best that Ive seen. b. Ho

21、ng Kong is the busiest city that lies to the south of Guangdong. 4. 如果行行词既有人又有物时, 用that , 不用which 或who Eg: a. We know nothing about the doctors and hospital that youre talking about. b. I can remember the photos and the persons that I saw in the room.(五) 在下列情况之下，修饰人时，只能用who/whom,不能用that.1. 先行词为one,

22、ones, anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody时,关系代词应该用 who 或whom. a. Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.任何违犯法律的人都应该受到惩罚. b. We should learn from the one who studies hard.我们应向学习努力的人学习.2.先行词为these / those时Eg: These who are going to Beijing are the best students in our school.

23、3. 在there be 开头的句子中. Eg: a. There is a student who wants to see you. 那有个想见你的学生. b. There are some children who love rap music.有些喜欢说唱乐的孩子* 在以who / which 开头的疑问句中， 用that , 不用who/ which Eg: a. Who is the woman that is still standing outside ?还站在外面的那个女的是谁? b. Which are the flowers that are for parents ?

24、哪些是适合送给父母的花?(五) 特别注意： 介词 + which / whom引导的定语从句 选用什么介词，一看介词本身的用法，二看介词和动词的固定搭配。 Eg： a. This is the house. I lived in the house before. - This is the house in which I lived before. b. There were many tourists. Some of them came from South Korean. -There were many tourists, some of whom came from South

25、Korean, c. I showed them my new handbag. I paid $120 for it. -I showed them my new handbag for which I paid $120.Exercise: 填上适当的介词+which/whom.1. That is the factory _ _ I once worked.2. The newly-built caf, the walls _ _ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place.3. However, after a year _

26、_ they became more serious about their work. 4. The man _ _ my father is talking now is a policeman. 5. The settlement is home to nearly 1000 people, many _ _ left their village homes for a better life in the city. 6. This is the pen _ _ I wrote the letter. 7. The man came _ _ I learned the news. 8.

27、 The day _ _ he was born is October 10th.9. Here is the hero _ _ we are proud. 10. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ _ she could turn for help.11. I have many friends, _ _some are businessmen. 12. She was educated at Beijing University, _ _ she went to study abroad. 13. Water is very

28、 important for us, _ _ we cant live. 14. They will visit the farm _ _ my brother works. 15. He had a successful concert, _ _ everyone clapped and appreciated his music.(六) 特别注意：which 和as 引导的定语从句的区别： Eg: a. As is known to us all, the earth goes around the sun. b. David, as you know, is a photographer

29、. c. Li Ming was late, which made Mr. Zhang very angry. 归纳总结：当先行词是整个主句时，这类非限制性定语从句只能用which或as引导，区别在于： 1. which引导的定语从句只能放在主句的后面， as引导的定语从句通常放在主句的前面，有时放在中间。 2. which常译为“这”,as常译为“正如”，且常和expect, know, hope, imagine, see连用。 3. as常用于固定搭配中： as is often the case（这是常有的事）, as is known to all/ as we all know（众

30、所周知）, as we expected（正如我们所料）, as is expected（不出所料）, as often happens(正如经常发生的那样)， as has been said before（如上所述）, as is mentioned above（正如上面所提到的）Exercise: Fill in the blank with “which” or “as”1. After graduating from college, I took some time off to go traveling, _ turned out to be a wise decision. 2

31、. _is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. 3. _is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress.4. I looked into their eyes, I found they didnt care, _ told me it would be useless, but when I looked into yours, I saw kindness.5. Hellen was much kin

32、der to her youngest son than to the others, _, of course, made the others envy him. 6. _ is known to all, the moon travels around the earth once every month. 7. _is mentioned above, paper is first made in China. 8. Jim passed the driving test, _ surprised everyone in the office. 9. The result of the

33、 experiment was very good, _ we hadnt expected. 10. Sun Yang, _ we imagined, won the gold medal in this event. 二由关系副词when, where, why引导的定语从句. * when, where, why , 相当于介词 + which, （一） when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语, when=介词 + which,Eg: a. That is the time. He arrived at the time.-That is the time when h

34、e arrived. 那就是他到达的时间。 -That is the time at which he arrived. b. He forget the day. He won the match on the day.-He forgets the day when he won the match. 他忘记了他赢得比赛的那一天。 -He forgets the day on which he won the match.*如果表示时间的词在从句中不作时间状语，而是作宾语或主语时，则要用which或that引导定语从句。 Eg: a.He remembers the days that/

35、which he spent with his net pals. (作spent的宾语) b. I often recall the summer when I went camping in Beijing. (作时间状语) c.She cant forget the festival which/ that impressed her a lot. (作主语) e. Do you remember the festival when we had a wonderful time ? (作时间状语)(二)where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语. where=介词+ w

36、hich, Eg: a. That is the farm. His father works on the farm.- -That is the farm where his father works. 那就是他父亲干活的那家农场。-That is the farm on which his father works. b. They got to the village. There are many poor children in the village.- They got to the village where there are many poor children. -Th

37、ey got to the village in which there are many poor children.*如果表示地点的词在从句中不作地点状语，而是作宾语或主语时，则要用which或that引导定语从句。 Eg: a. That is the reserve where the tigers live . (作地点状语) b. That is the reserve that/which they visited last month.(作visit的宾语) c. They have been to the museum where there are many paintin

38、g on show. (作地点状语) d. They have been to the museum which/ that was built three years ago.(作主语)*有些抽象名词如：point, situation, position, case, job, activity后跟where引导的定语从句 eg: a. He reach a point where medicine cant help. 他已到了药物无法治疗的地步。 b. There are cases where the word “mighty” is used as an adverb. 在一些情况

39、下，mighty一词可用作副词。 c. He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong. 他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。 d. She wants a job where her management skills can be put to good use. 她想找一份能将她的管理技能派上用场的工作e. Its put me in a position where I cant afford to take the job. 这使我陷入一种不能接受此工作的境地。(三). why指原因,其先

40、行词表示原因,在定语从句中起原因状语的作用，why =for + which Eg: a. He didnt tell me the reason why he was late. 他没有告诉我他为什么迟到的原因. -He didnt tell me the reason for which he was late. b. This is the reason why the boy was punished.这是男孩为什么受到惩罚的原因. -This is the reason for which the boy was punished.*如果reason在从句中不作原因状语，而是作宾语或

41、主语时，则要用which或that引导定语从句。 Eg: a. That was the reason which/that he gave me.(作gave的宾语) b. I think the reason which/that she explained is unbelievable.( 作explained的宾语)Ex: 用which, who, that, whom, when, where , why,填空.1. Nobody knows the reason _he is often late for work.2. Do you know the street _he li

42、ves ?3. I dont remember the day _he opened the company.4. Is this the room _the meeting will be held ?5. Can you tell me the reason _you chose this gift ?6. It was that year _my sister left for England. 7. My parents often miss the days _my family stayed together.8. It was October 1, 1949_the PRC wa

43、s founded.9. Mrs. Yang wants to go to that city _her son is studying.10. She showed me around the office _she works.11. Do you remember the days _we spent by the sea ?12. I like the city _is near the sea. 13. Ill never forget the day _I was born.14. The day _ I always remember in all my life is my b

44、irthday15. I dont want a job _Im chained to a desk all day.16. In the years _ followed, Marx kept on studying English and using it.17. The crisis has reached a point_the receiver will have to be called in18. The blind dancer thinks dancing is an activity _ sight matters more than hearing.19. She had

45、 got to the point _ she felt that she could not take any more.20. Is this the classroom in _ the old worker is going to make/give us a report?21I dont know the reason _ she didnt come.22I remember the days _we lived in America.23. I came back the city _ I was born.24. It reminds me of the summer _ I

46、 spent in my hometown.25. I dont believe the reason _ she explained just now.26. My father likes smoking, _is a bad habit.27. The teacher told us a story _made all of us moved.28. I had little money _was my pocket money.29. This is the museum _they visited last weekend.30. The room in _he lives is v

47、ery small .31. The bridge _was built 1990 broke down a few days ago.32. This is the worst film _we have ever seen.33. Two old friends talked about the things and persons _they remembered there.34. Everything _we saw there was very interesting.35. His dog, _is not very old, is ill now.36. Those _ are

48、 broken must be repaired and reused.37. Cell phone is the greatest invention _ improves our life a lot.38. The last problem _ I worked out is very difficult.39. This is the most expensive restaurant in the city _ I know.40. Have you ever been to Hangzhou _symbol is West Lake ?高考链接：1. Jane stopped in

49、 front of a counter _sine attractive ties were on display.(2009高考广东卷)2. He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder _ had been his teacher. (2010高考广东卷)3. Behind him were other people to _ he was trying to talk, but after some minutes they walked away and sat near me.

50、 (2011高考广东卷)4. Of course whenever they turned to look at him, they had to look at Mary, _ made her feel like a star. (2012高考广东卷)5. Nicks guests, _had heard their conversation, asked why they should not buy sale more cheaply if they could.(2013高考广东卷)6. In 1912, Thomas Edison, at the age of 67, lost his factory, _was worth a few million dollars, to fire. (2012珠海模拟)7. In China, many parents go out of their way to give their children auspic