week4从句的翻译

1、从从 句句 的的 翻翻 译译从句的翻译 名词性从句 主语从句主语从句 宾语从句宾语从句 表语从句表语从句 同位语从句同位语从句 状语从句状语从句 定语从句定语从句主语从句主语从句由代词由代词what, whatever, whoever等引导的主语从句等引导的主语从句“It” 作为形式主语作为形式主语由代词由代词what, whatever, whoever等引导的主语从等引导的主语从句，一般按原句顺序翻译句，一般按原句顺序翻译主语从句 What he told me was a sheer lie. Whatever I saw and heard on my trip left me a

2、very deep impression. Whoever has made a trip to Mt. Huangshan must remember the clouds there.他对我说的全是谎言。他对我说的全是谎言。一路上所见所闻给我留下了十分深刻的印象。一路上所见所闻给我留下了十分深刻的印象。凡是去过黄山的人都不会忘记那里的云。凡是去过黄山的人都不会忘记那里的云。“It” “It” 作为形式主语翻译时作为形式主语翻译时可以提前，也可以不提前。可以提前，也可以不提前。主语从句 It doesnt make much difference to me whether you come

3、 or not. It seemed incredible that she should have lied to us. It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings. 从句的翻译从句的翻译你来不来我不在乎。你来不来我不在乎。她居然对我们说谎，这真是不可思议。她居然对我们说谎，这真是不可思议。真奇怪，她竟然没有看出自己的缺点。真奇怪，她竟然没有看出自己的缺点。宾语从句宾语从句 以以that, what, how引导引导的宾语从句的宾语从句 以以it作形式宾语的宾语从作形式宾语的宾语从句句1.以以t

4、hat, what, how引导的宾语引导的宾语从句一般按原句顺序翻译从句一般按原句顺序翻译 I told him that I had to turn him down. I told him how appealing I found the offer.宾语从句我告诉他我不得不拒绝他。我告诉他我不得不拒绝他。我告诉他，这个机会对我有着多么大的吸引力。我告诉他，这个机会对我有着多么大的吸引力。 He would never let the history books say of him that he had been content to sit on the sidelines, t

5、o be a gentle, leisurely president, letting events take their course.宾语从句宾语从句他决不肯让将来的史书说他甘当他决不肯让将来的史书说他甘当一个袖手旁观、温和懒散、听任一个袖手旁观、温和懒散、听任事情发展的总统。事情发展的总统。2.以以it作形式宾语的宾语作形式宾语的宾语从句一般按原句顺序翻从句一般按原句顺序翻译，译，it可不译出可不译出 I made it clear to them that they must hand in their papers before 10 oclock in the morning. A

6、nyhow, old chap, I owe it to you that I am here.从句的翻译宾语从句我明确地告诉他们，论文必须在上午十点之前交。我明确地告诉他们，论文必须在上午十点之前交。不管怎么说，老伙计，我现在还能站在这儿，全靠你。不管怎么说，老伙计，我现在还能站在这儿，全靠你。表语从句，一般按原句顺序翻译表语从句，一般按原句顺序翻译 This is where the shoe pinches. What he emphasized again and again was that no matter how difficult it might be, they shou

7、ld never retreat even for an inch.表语从句这正是这正是问题的症结所在问题的症结所在。他再三强调的就是，不管多困难，决不后退半步。他再三强调的就是，不管多困难，决不后退半步。 One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on. 从句的翻译难题之一在于所谓的行为科学几乎全都

8、依然从心态、情感、难题之一在于所谓的行为科学几乎全都依然从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源。性格特征、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源。 并列句、主语从句、宾并列句、主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句一般语从句和表语从句一般都按原语原来的顺序翻都按原语原来的顺序翻译。译。同位语从句同位语从句 1. 保持原本的语序保持原本的语序 2. 译为类似定语的结构或独成一句译为类似定语的结构或独成一句 3. 加入冒号、破折号和加入冒号、破折号和“这样这样”、“这一这一”、“即即”等字眼等字眼 4. 改变原文的同位语结构，用汉语改变原文的同位语结构，用汉语的无主句或其他方式译出的无主句或其他方式译出1.

9、保持原本的语序保持原本的语序 He expressed the hope that he would come over to visit China again. As an obedient son, he had accepted his fathers decision that he was to be a doctor, though the prospect didnt interest him at all.同位语从句他表示希望能再来中国访问。他表示希望能再来中国访问。作为一个孝顺儿子，他接受了父亲的决定，去当医生，虽作为一个孝顺儿子，他接受了父亲的决定，去当医生，虽然他对这样

10、的前途毫无兴趣可言。然他对这样的前途毫无兴趣可言。2. 译为类似定语的结构或独立句译为类似定语的结构或独立句 But I knew I couldnt trust him. There was the possibility that he was a political swindler. It does not alter the fact that he is the man responsible for the delay.同位语从句但我知道不能轻信他。他是政治骗子这种可能性还是存在的。但我知道不能轻信他。他是政治骗子这种可能性还是存在的。迟延应由他负责，这个事实是改变不了的。迟延应

11、由他负责，这个事实是改变不了的。3. 加入冒号、破折号和加入冒号、破折号和“这样这样”、“这一这一”、“即即”等字眼等字眼 But considering realistically, we had to face the fact that our prospects were less than good. Influenced by these ethics, the new generation live under the delusion that money does not stink.同位语从句但在实事求是地考虑一番之后，我们不得不正视这样一个事实：但在实事求是地考虑一番之后

12、，我们不得不正视这样一个事实：我们的前景并我们的前景并不妙不妙。受这种道德观念的影响，青年一代生活在这样一种受这种道德观念的影响，青年一代生活在这样一种错觉错觉中，以为金钱中，以为金钱总是香喷总是香喷喷的喷的。4. 改变原文的同位语结构，用改变原文的同位语结构，用汉语的无主句或其他方式译出汉语的无主句或其他方式译出 Even the most precisely conducted experiments offer no hope that the result can be obtained without any error. 从 句 的 翻 译 同位语从句即使是最精确的实验，也没有希望

13、获得无任何误即使是最精确的实验，也没有希望获得无任何误差的实验结果。差的实验结果。状语和状语从句的翻译 时间 原因 条件 让步 目的 译成相应的表示时间的状语 译成“刚就”的句式 译成并列分句时间状语从句的译法时间状语从句的译法 译成相应的表示时间的状语 1. While she spoke, the tears were running down. 2.Pleasae turn off the lights when you leave the room. 她说话时，泪水直流。离屋时请关灯。译成“刚就”的句式1.He had hardly rushed into the room when

14、he shouted, “Fire! Fire！”2.He had scarcely handed me the letter when he asked me to read it.他刚跑进屋里就大声喊：“着火了！着火了！” 他把信一交给我，就叫我念给他听。译成并列分句1.He shouted as he ran.2.They set him free when his ransom had not yet been paid.他还没有交赎金，他们就把他释放了。 译成表“因”的分句 译成因果偏正复句中的主句 译成不用关联词而因果关系内含的并列分句原因状语从句原因状语从句译成表“因”的分句1.

15、The crops failed because the season was dry.2.We have to put the meeting off since so many people were absent. 因为气候干旱，农作物歉收。因很多人缺席，我们推迟了会议。译成因果偏正复句中的主句Because he was convinced of the accuracy of this fact, he stuck to his opinion. 他深信这件事正确可靠，因此坚持己见。译成不用关联词而因果关系内含的并列分句 1.After all, it did not matter

16、much, because in 24 hours, they were going to be free.反正关系不大，二十四小时以后他们就要自由了。（语气） 2. He was not only surprised but, to start with, extremely suspicious, as he had every reason to be.他不但惊讶而且首先是十分怀疑，他这样感觉是完全有理由的。表示条件的状语从句 译成表“条件”的分句 译成表“假设”的分句 译成表补充说明情况的分句译成表“条件”的分句It was better in case they were captu

17、red. 要是把他们捉到了，那就更好了。 If one of them collapsed, as they often did, the guide used to carry him over the mountains. 如果其中一个人垮了，这种事时常在他们中间发生，向导就要背着他过山。译成表“假设”的分句 译成表补充说明情况的分句后置 You can drive tonight if you are ready. 你今晚可以出车，如果你愿意的话。表示让步的状语从句 译成表“让步”的分句 译成表“无条件”的分句 译成表“让步”的分句 Although he seems hearty an

18、d outgoing in public, Mr. Cooks is a withdrawn, introverted man.虽然库克先生在公共场合中是热情而开朗的，但他却是一个孤僻的、性格内向的人。 译成表“无条件”的分句 No matter what misfortune befell him, he always squared his shoulders and said: “Never mind, Ill work harder.” 不管他遭受什么不幸事儿，他总是把胸一挺，说“没关系，我再加把劲儿。”表示目的的状语从句 译成表“目的”的前置分句 译成表“目的”的后置分句 译成表“目

19、的”的前置分句 He pushed open the door gently and stole out of the room for fear that he should awake her. 为了不惊醒她，他轻轻推开房门，悄悄地溜了出去。为了，省得，免得，以免，以便，生怕等等 译成表“目的”的后置分句 The murderer ran away as fast as he could, so that he might not be caught red-handed. 凶手飞快地跑开了，以免被人当场抓获。 从 句 的 翻 译 定语从句的翻译英汉定语的比较英汉定语的比较英语英语：模式一

20、模式一 单词定语单词定语+中心词中心词模式二模式二 中心词中心词+短语短语or从句从句汉语：汉语：模式一模式一 定语定语+中心词中心词 A stone building Faded flowers Boiling water Boiled water A gone case The risen sun模式一模式一 单词定语单词定语+中心词中心词一座石头砌的大厦萎谢的花开着的水开水无可挽救的事升起了的太阳 以-able, -ible 结尾的形容词 This is the only reference book available here on the subject. This is the

21、earliest edition obtainable. 修饰some, any, no, every 等词构成的不定代词和名词things, matters 的adj. There is nothing unexpected about it.模式二模式二 中心词中心词+短语短语or从从句句 副词 They live in the room above. 具有表语力量的形容词 I am the happiest man alive. All the people present began to shout: “Welcome!”模式二模式二 中心词中心词+短语短语or从句从句定语从句的翻译

22、方法翻译方法1. 译成定语译成定语前置法前置法2. 译成并列分句译成并列分句后置法后置法3. 融合法融合法译成谓语译成谓语, 表语和主语合并译成表语和主语合并译成主语主语4. 译成原因、结果、让步、目的、条件状语译成原因、结果、让步、目的、条件状语从句从句译成并列分句译成并列分句后置法后置法 当定语从句较长时,将其译成并列分句, 放置于原来它所修饰词的后面。先行词可保留并在第二个分句中重复；亦可省略。 He managed to raise a crop of 200 miracle tomatoes that weighed up to two ponds each.他居然种出了二百个奇迹般的西红柿，每个重达两傍。 It is he who received the letter