中考复习之非谓语动词

1、 学主教辅体验式教育，培养能力塑造品格佳绩教育教案学员姓名：杨云蛟，莫耀兴，吴家馨科目：英语年级：初三时间：2015年 01月03 日2 课时授课教师：杨金花总课时：已上课时：教学标题2015中考复习之非谓语动词考点、教学重点动词不定式，现在分词和动名词，过去分词的功能及用法教学过程考点分析非谓语动词一直是中考考察的一个热点和难点，常在单项选择题和填空题中考察，预测2015年中考题对非谓语动词的考察将会更注重情景化，结构复杂化，设问角度多样化，非谓语动词之间和其他知识点之间的交互干扰。一非谓语动词概念：在句中充当除了谓语之外的句子成分（主语，宾语，表语，状语，定语等）的动词的非谓语形式，基本形

2、式有动词不定式，现在分词和动名词，过去分词。为什么要有非谓语动词？因为一个简单句只能有一个谓语。所以，当句子出现连个谓语动词(动词原形)时，要把其中一个改为非谓语动词的形式。I like(谓语动词) riding(非谓语动词) a bike around Zhanjiang.She wants (谓语动词)to travel around(非谓语动词) the world when she grows up.练习：My friend likes_(draw) and she hopes_(be ) a painter.二动词不定式与现在分词、动名词的区别用法 动词不定式 现在分词、动名词 To

3、 do doing 1. 功能用法 表将来（动作尚未发生）; 表伴随，动作同时进行（持续性） 表过去，动作先于谓语动词发生； 表目的,做目的状语，“(是)为了” 表伴随，方式，时间或者原因 表结果做结果状语,“以至（于）” 做伴随/方式/时间/原因/状语 动作发生的时间 后于谓语动词 同时或者先于谓语动词例题： She plans to have a good time in her summer holiday.(在“plan”发生时，“have”还没发生，不定式表示将来) As a good cook(厨子)，my mother enjoys cooking very much.(enjo

4、y和cook这两个动作同时发生，所以cook要用现在分词形式cooking) I forgot cleaning my room(=that I had cleaned my room), so I cleaned it again.Remember to turn off the light when you leave the classroom.(turn off 的动作尚未发生，在remember之后)Why the TV is on ?-Impossible. I remember turning it off this morning.=I remember that I have

5、 turned it off this morning. （turn off的动作已经在remember之前发生） 所以，remember to do sth 记得要去做.(要去做=还没做=动作现在还没发生=将来才会发生，动词不定式表将来)；remember doing sth 记得做过了.(doing在remember之前已发生，所以是，做过了)。 同理：Forget to do sth 忘记要去做某事 Forget doing sth 忘记做过某事Dont forget _( bring) a book here tomorrow. We will use it.My grandfathe

6、r forgets_(wear) his glasses,and he is looking for his glasses now.真题：(2014 河北 33)Dont forget _thanks when other people help you.A accept B to accept C say D to sayRegret to do sth 遗憾要做某事（为什么这里不是后悔的意思？）Regret doing sth 后悔做了某事I argued with my parents yesterday. Now, I regret _(hurt) their feelings.I

7、regret _(tell) you this bad news.Stop to do sth 停下来，要去做另外一件事（是为了做另外的事，不定式表目的；要去做=还没做=以后才会做，不定式表示将来）Stop doing sth 停止正在做的事情You have worked for 5 hours without rest. Stop _(have) a rest.Stop_(talk). The teacher is coming.Mean to do sth 打算做某事Mean doing sth 意味着Sorry，I dont mean _(hurt) you.Sometimes, re

8、spect means_(allow) others to choose their lifestyle.Try to do sth 努力/尽力去做（只是努力做而已，最后不一定做得成，不定式表将来;努力去做，是为了不定式表目的 try ones best to do sth尽某人最大的努力去做，常考 ）The doctor has tried their best _(rescue) the dying man, but he failed finally.Try doing sth 尝试、试着做某事（“尝试”与“做”同时发生，doing 表示伴随）My friend always tries

9、 doing something new.He tried _(cook) a dinner for his mother on Mothers Day and he tried _(cook)it well. But he couldnt.2.前面的谓语动词 不定式to do：主观性，将来性明显的动词(句中有时有表将来的时间状语) 如：1）愿望类：want,wish,hope,desire,dream,would like （主观性，将来性） He wants to be a teacher when he grows up. 2）计划需要类：plan,mean,need,decide,ma

10、nage,try,choose (将来性) I plan to travel around the world in the future,so I need to save money. The doctor tried (his best) to rescue the patient,but he failed eventually. The students need_(prepare) for their exam _(get) a great grade. 3）态度类(建议请求命令;承诺;允许禁止)：suggest,advise,ask,tell, Warn,order,persua

11、de,promise,agree,disagree,refuse,accept,allow,ban Permit, forbid(多用被动语态) （主观性，多结合动词不定式的否 定式:not to do考查） The doctor advises/asks/tells/persuades the patient to do more exercises. But the patient refuse to take his advice. My parents agree/promise to buy me a bike. Teenagers are not allowed/banned/fo

12、rbidden to smoke in China.【注意】：建议许可类的词（advise/suggest/permit/allow/ban/forbid）作谓语动词时，后面加宾语时（被动语态中，前面有主语时），用动词不定式；后面不加宾语时，用现在分词。也就是说，这类动词的对象明确时，用to do；动作不明确时，用doing.The doctor suggests the patient to drink more water.The doctor suggests drinking more water.The teenagers are not allowed _（smoke）Parent

13、s dont allow teenagers_(smoke)We dont allow _(smoke) in the hospital.真题：1.(2014上海，42)Harry has decided _ an online shop after graduating from school.A open B to open C opened D opening2. （2012深圳，16）Would you like _ the Wutong Mountain tomorrow？-If my mother _, I will go with you.A climbing;will allo

14、w B climbing; allowsC to climb; allows D to climb; will allow3. (2013广州，17)I always tell my students _ on the road because its really dangerous.A not to play B to play not C not playing D not play4（2013 北京，31）Our teacher often asks us _question in group.A discuss B to discuss C discussing D discusse

15、d 现在分词/动名词doing，前面接的谓语动词： 1)情感爱憎类的词，如：enjoy/like/dislike/hate appreciate/mind（介意）/stand/imagine/consider/worth/risk/feel like； I think this book worth reading. Would you mind (my) opening the window? Its to hot. I like reading while my sister enjoys listening to music.真题：1（2013 深圳） Do you mind my_he

16、re? -_.Look at the sign “No smoking”A to smoke;Of course not B smoking; Youd better not. C to smoke; No, I dont. D smoking;Never mind 2)不及物动词（vi+介词+宾语，宾语一般由名词，代词，动名词（v-ing充 当），如：look forward to（期望、期待）,pay attention to（集中注意力于）, succeed in（在.成功）, give up（放弃）, insist on（坚持）, keep on（继续） Put off（推迟）,get

17、/be used to（习惯于做某事） 例句：He is considering_(buy) a new house and he finally decides_(buy) the house nearby the school.My father promised us _(quit) smoking,but he didnt stop _(smoke).注意区分(易错点，也是中考必考点)be used to do sth （某物）被用来做某事，be used 是动词use(使用)的被动语态，主语是sth.Chopsticks are used to eat in China.=Peopl

18、e use chopsticks to eat in China.used to do sth 过去常常做某事（描述动作的反复性）Be/get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事（描述状态，已习惯了）He used to get up late, but now he is/gets used to getting up early.他过去常常很晚起床，但现在他习惯早起了。I used to complaint Zhanjiang is very hot, but now I get used to live in this hot city.我过去常常抱怨湛江的天气很热，但我现

19、在已经习惯在这座城市生活了。解题技巧：1物做主语用be used to do sth, 人做主语用used to do sth 或者be/get used to doing sth；2.记住be/get是表状态的系动词，人习惯的是“不同的状态”，所以有be/get 是表示“习惯于做某事”；而所习惯的状态都会持续一段时间，所以用doing(正在进行，有持续性)练习：1. The keys are _ open the door.2. He used _(smoke), but now he stop_(smoking) and he is used to _(live) a life witho

20、ut cigarette. 3）另外记：practice,finish,keep(=keep on) He is practicing singing now.When he finishes practicing, he will go home.（2014汕尾，36）Lisa is a little poor at Chinese. I think she needs _it every day.A practice to speak B to practice speaking C practice speaking D to practice speakThe child was so

21、 noisy that he kept _(cry) for several hours.When finish_ (do) my homework, I can stop to take a break.解题技巧：1. 时间先后判断法。通过判断非谓语动词与谓语动词的动作发生先后时间，选择恰当的非谓语形式。动作发生在谓语动词的动作之后，或者句中有像in the future,tomorrow等表示将来的时间状语，用动词不定式（不定式表将来）；与谓语动词同时或者在谓语动词的动作发生前已经发生，用现在分词或者动名词。例题：Many students often stop talking and s

22、top to read when the teacher comes in. We have walked for a long time. Lets stop_(have) a rest. Stop _(laugh) at others. Its harmful for others.2. 介词判断法（非谓语动词前面有介词，v-ing 无疑）例题：The students is looking forward to having a summer holiday.真题： Edison didnt give up_(explore) and finally he succeeded in _(

23、invent)the light.（2013，广东）Please stop _.You must pay attention to _the teacher.A to talk;listen to B to talk;listening toC talking;listen to D talking;listening to 3. 作用判断法根据非谓语动词在句中所起的作用来区分。表目的(in order to)或结果(常考：too.to;not adj+enough to；only to;so+adj./adv as to;such+n.+as to=so.that)，用动词不定式；表伴随（放

24、句末），时间（+when,变时间状语从句）方式(+by，变方式状语从句)、或原因(+for/because of，变原因状语从句)，充当伴随/时间/方式/原因，用现在分词或动名词。To (为了=in order to)study English well, he practices English every day.The old do morning exercise to (是为了)keep healthy. （做目的状语）My brother is too young to go to school.=My brother is not old enough to go to scho

25、ol.（“以至于”做结果状语）He arrived late only to find the train had gone.She is so helpful as to often help the strangers.=She is such a helpful girl as to often help the strangers.(“以至于”，做结果状语)=She is so helpful that she often help the strangers.真题：Arriving at the bus stop,(=When arriving at the bus stop) he

26、 found his sister there.（作时间状语）They walked along the street, talking and laughing.(做伴随状语)Being ill(For being ill/Because of illness), he didnt go to school this morning(做原因状语)真题：1.（2014 广东，43）In order _for the meeting , my sister forced herself to get up early thismorning.A not to be late B not bein

27、g late C to be late D being late2. (2012江苏无锡) You can never imagine the great difficulty I had _ her QQ number.A to get B getting C got D not to get3. (2013广东) We must try our best _pollution_ again and again.A to stop;happening B to stop;from happening C stopping;happening D stopping; to happen4 （2

28、012湛江）When_,the museum will be open to public next year.A completed B completing C being completed D to be completed 3.充当的句子成分 To do doing 做主语 常用it做形式主语，不 动名词（短语） 定式后置放句末 放句首，相当于 名词（短语） It is easy for boys to play basketball well. It is impolite of you to ask about others privacy. Seeing is believin

29、g. Eating fruit is good for our health. It took me two weeks to finish this project. It cost my parents 5,000 yuan to buy this computer. 常考句型： It takes/took sb +时间/精力+to do sth.做某事花费了某人多少时间、精力 (=Sb spend(spends,spent)+时间、精力，金钱+on sth/(in) doing sth) It cost sb+金钱+to do sth. 做某事花费了某人多少钱 =sb pay(pays,

30、paid)+金钱+for sth 习题：（2012 广东，44）It took me two week_reading the novels written by Guo JingmingA finish B to finish C finish D finishing It is adj. +for sb to do sth对某人而言，做某事 是怎样的，for: 对.而言/来说，adj.修饰的是to do sth,形容 事情的性质特征，如：important,necessary,good,bad,easy Difficult等。 It is adj. +of sb to do sth.某人做

31、了某事真.of可以表示所属关 系（eg. A friend of mine）,说明adj.是属于人所特有的品质，修饰 sb, 所以adj.一般是表示人品，性格的词，如：helpful, Nice,foolish,stupid,careful,careless,polite,wise等。 练习：Its so careless _me _(lose) my keys. Its so trouble _me_(lose) my keys.I cant Open my door. Its so nice _you to help me so much. -You are welcome.Its hap

32、py _me _(help) you. And its important _us to help each other.真题：（2013安徽）Its kind_ you _me with my English.A for; to help B of;to help C for ;help D of;helping做宾语 常用形式宾语it,不定式后置放句末 动名词做宾 语，放谓v 后 主语+find/notice +it+adj.(宾语补足语)+to do sth I find it interesting to try something new. Many girls find it di

33、fficult _(learn) math well. She likes singing and dancing.做定语 后置，放所修饰的词之后 单个现在分词前置 现在分词短语后 置=定语从句 I have something to share with you. They have no house to live in.(vi.时，介词要补上) The sleeping boy sleeping in the bedroom is my brother. =The sleeping boy who is sleeping in the bedroom is my brother.做状语

34、不定式做： 目的状语（so as to,in order to,to） to:“是为了” 结果状语 (so+adj./adv+as to,such +n.+as to, too.to, not.enough ,only to) to:以至于 原因状语：不定式常常位于表情绪的形容词后，如，sorry,happy,glad, Shocked, afraid,angry等。 To gain a good grade, youd better study hard. He is so friendly as to make friends many classmates. Teenagers are

35、too young to smoke.=Teenagers are not old enough to Smoke. I arrived at the bus station only to find the bus had gone. My sister is afraid to fail the exam. 现在分词做： 伴随状语，方式状语，时间状语（加when或while变成一个时间状语从句），原因状语。Crossing the street, you must be careful.（时间状语）The little girl stood there alone,crying. （伴随状

36、语）Getting up late, he was late for school.（原因状语）Speaking in English, Chinese and Japanese can communicate with each other.（方式状语） 三动词不定式的常考点：1.动词不定式的省略：当谓语动词为感官动词（see,watch,notice,feel,hear）和使役动词（let,make,have）时，不定式要省略to,但在被动语态中，to要还原回来。I saw him walk in the park yesterday.(比较：I saw him walking in th

37、e parking yesterday前者交代事件，后者侧重描述动作，一直正在进行，持续性)He was seen to walk in the park yesterday.Her cruel boss makes her work until 10:00 pm.She is made _ (work) until 10:00 pm by her cruel boss.The teacher notice a student _(play) i-phone in the class.The student is noticed _(sleep) in the class.真题：1 （2012浙江绍兴