小学英语语法名词的讲解及练习

1、 名词大闯关 姓名： 日期： 第一讲：名词的分类一. 名词的意义和种类 1.名词意义: 表示人、事物或抽象概念的词。如：shanghai, lilei, desk 2.名词的种类： a.专有名词:表示人名、月份、日期、地名等。如：jim, june, china, harbin. 注意：(1)第一个字母要大写；(2)专有名词前不加冠词，也没有复数。b.普通名词:表示某人或者某事物的名称。(1)个体名词：表单个的人或者事物。如：boy, teacher, apple(2)集体名词：表一群人或一些事物的总称。 如：family, people, police, class (3)物质名词：表无法分

2、为个体的物质。如：water, money, sea (4)抽象名词：表抽象概念的词。如：health, friendship第二讲：名词的数 a.可数名词（个体名词和集体名词）：有单复数之分1.规则变化情况构成读音例词一般的词s 浊辅音z清辅音s day-days desk-desks 以s, sh, ch, x结尾esizmatch-matches boss-bosses以辅音y结尾改y为ieszbaby-babies fly-flies以f/fe结尾改f为veszwife-wives leaf-leaves 以o结尾es znegro(黑人), hero(英雄), potato,toma

3、to,mango（芒果） s z 除了以上六个以o结尾的单词，其他以o结尾的加s批注1：o结尾的名词顺口溜 1）黑人（negro）英雄（hero）从火山（volcano）上走过，烤熟了带着的 西红柿（tomato）、土豆（potato）和芒果（mango）。 或：黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿，外加一个大芒果。 2）其余以o结尾的名词变复数时均加s。 2. 不规则变化（1） 常见的有：a-e man-men, fisherman-fishermen, woman-women oo-ee foot-feet, goose-geese,tooth-teeth mouse-mice(老鼠), child-

4、children, ox-oxen(公牛) （2） 单复数同型: deer fish sheep 批注：fish作鱼肉讲时不可数，没有复数。 fishes指各种不同种类鱼或指几条鱼。 如：help yourself to some fish.（鱼肉） how many fishes are there in the river? （鱼的种类） （3）表示“某国人”的名词单复数变化如下：(中日不变) a chinese-two chinese; a japanese- four japanese(英法变) an englishman- eight englishmen; an frenchman

5、-nine frenchmen (其他s加后面) a german-five germans; a australian-two australians （4）有些名词通常只有复数形式，谓语动词也用复数，这些名词有：glasses, clothes, trousers, 如果想表达数量时，需要用量词。 如：a pair of shoes/glasses , three pairs of shoes/glasses the shoes are too big. this pair of shoes is too big. these pairs of shoes are too big.（5）姓

6、氏是专有名词，姓氏后面加-s，表示“一家”。 the blacks布莱克一家 the whites怀特一家 b.不可数名词（物质名词和抽象名词）一般用单数形式。 1. 不可数名词没有复数，当它作句子的主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 如：the food is very fresh.食品很新鲜。 2. 不可数名词需要用数量来表示时，遵循以下结构：数词+量词+of+不可数名词，如：a cup of coffee three cups of coffee 类似的短语有：a bowl of noodles(一碗面） a piece of paper（一张纸） a packet of sweets（一包

7、糖）a box of apples（一箱苹果） a pair of shoes（一双鞋） a bottle of milk（一瓶牛奶） a glass of water（一杯水） 三.复合名词的复数变化规则 例：一个男医生a man doctor-四个男医生four men doctors 一个女老师a woman doctor-女老师们women teachers 一个女学生a girl student-三个女学生three girl students 一个男朋友a boy friend-很多男朋友many boy friends 批注口诀：男人女人都得变，男孩女孩变后面。 pencil-b

8、oxpencil-boxes铅笔盒 book shopbook shops名词的数大闯关： 姓名： 分数： 一圈出下列单词中的不可数名词。（题目数： 错数： ） peach milk water zoo sister coffee knife time tea orange meat jeep car teacher bread ear cola watermelon rice orange juice love money 二给出下列名词的复数形式。（题目数： 错误数： ）1.watch_ 2.class_ 3.shelf_4.dog_ 5.dish_ 6.child_7.nurse_ 8.

9、desk_ 9.boy_10.baby_ 11.tooth_ 12.eye_13.sheep_ 14.tomato_ 15.chinese_16.goose_ 17.photo_ 18.frenchman_19.box 20.mango 21.wife 22.fish 23.deer 24.swiss 25.hero 26.negro 27.potato 28.mice 29.ox 30.german 三用所给名词的适当形式填空。（题目数： 错误数： ）1. how many (sheep) are there on the hill?2. there is some (food) in th

10、e basket.3. the baby has only two (tooth) now.4. there is a lot of (water) in the bottle.5. there are five (people ) in his family.6. lets take (photo), ok? 7. i have lots of (tomato) here.8. the (leaf) on the tree turn yellow.9. the (child) are playing games on the playground now.10. their (diction

11、ary) look new.11. i see you have a few white (hair).12. they are (woman) doctors.13. can you give me some bottles of (orange), please?14. there are many (fox) in the picture.15. i would like some apple (juice). i am very thirsty.16.i have two (knife) and three_ (watch).17.peter has eight _ (foot).18

12、.i help my mother wash _(dish) in the kitchen.19.i have a lot of_(toy) in my bedroom.20.chinese_(people) like to eat noodles.四翻译。（题目数： 错误数： ） 1.pat夫妇 2.一些水 3.许多人 4.三个小孩 5.一个苹果 6.三天 7.一只胖老鼠，四只瘦老鼠 8.一只狗，三只羊，五条鱼 9.一个男医生，三个女医生 10.一个男朋友，三个女朋友 11.一片面包 12.一箱苹果 13.一双鞋 14.一杯果汁 15.一杯茶 16.两条新闻 17.八碗面条 18.三张纸 1

13、9.一包薯条 20.一瓶牛奶 五用恰当的be动词填空。（题目数： 错误数： ） 1. i _ a boy. _ you a boy? no, i _ not. 2. the girl_ jacks sister. 3. the dog _ tall and fat. 4. the man with big eyes _ a teacher.5. _ your brother in the classroom? 6. where _ your mother? she _ at home. 7. how _ your father? 8. mike and liu tao _ at school.

14、 9. whose dress _ this? 10. whose socks _ they? 11. that _ my red skirt. 12. who _ i? 13.the jeans _ on the desk. 14. here _ a scarf for you. 15. here _ some sweaters for you. 16. the black gloves _ for su yang. 17. this pair of gloves _ for yang ling. 18. the two cups of milk _ for me. 19. some tea

15、 _ in the glass. 20. gao shans shirt _ over there. 21. my sisters name _nancy.22. this _ not wang fangs pencil. 23. _ david and helen from england? 24. there _ a girl in the room. 25. there _ some apples on the tree. 26. _ there any kites in the classroom? 27. _ there any apple juice in the bottle?

16、28. there _ some bread on the plate. 29. there _ a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park. 30. you, he and i _ from china.第三讲：名词的所有格 a. 有生命的名词所有格： 名词s 例：toms sister；childrens day；womens day 以s结尾 例：教师办公室teachers office teachers dayb. 无生命的名词所有格：一般用of短语构成词组， 例：房间的门 the door of the roomc. 省

17、略s后的名词时，常代指“家、工作场所”，例：在诊所at the doctors, 在外婆家at my grandmothers，at the greens 在格林家 批注：the greens 格林一家人d. 共有的格，后面名词s： joan和jane的房间（共一间）joan and janes room is beautiful. 各有的格，每个名词s： joan和jane的房间（每人一间）joans and janes rooms are beautiful.名词的所有格大闯关： 一汉译英。（题目数： 错误数： ） 1.lucy的汽车 2.我的朋友 3他们的书 4.她的朋友 5.桌子的腿

18、6.房间的门 7.lily的朋友 8.教师节 9.妇女节 10.儿童节 11.tom和tim的房间(共有） 12.lucy和lily的老师（不共用） 2 单项选择。（题目数： 错误数： ） ( )1this is _ room. the twin sisters like it very much. a.lucys and lilys b.lucys and lily c.lucy and lilys ( )2_ mothers made them have piano lessons. a. peter and anne b. peters and annes c. peters and anne d. peter and annes( )3the room on the right is _. a. her b. she c. lucys d. lucy ( )4_ desk is the cleanest in the classroom. a. anns and tom b. ann and toms c. ann and tom d. anns and toms( )5wheres your father ? at _. a. mr greens b. mr. green c. the mr. greens( )6