专四语法(高考英语)：虚拟语气

1、 语法专项：虚拟语气语法专项：虚拟语气与现在相反与现在相反if条件句条件句实义动词实义动词过去过去式式bewere主句主句would/should/could/might+动词原形动词原形与过去相反与过去相反had+过去分词过去分词would/should/could/might+havedone与将来相反与将来相反wereto+动词原动词原形形should+动词原动词原形形would/should/could/might+动词原形动词原形 1.Jeandoesntwanttoworkrightawaybecauseshethinksthatifshe_ajob,sheprobablywoul

2、dntbeabletoseeherfriendsveryoften.(96.1)A.hastogetB.weretogetC.hadgotD.couldhavegotB 7.IfIhadntstoodundertheladdertocatchyouwhenyoufell,you_now.(99.1) A.wouldntbesmiling B.couldnthavesmiled C.wontsmile D.didntsmileA 【语法要点语法要点】错综时间的虚拟句错综时间的虚拟句如果条件从句中的动作与主句中的动作发生的如果条件从句中的动作与主句中的动作发生的时间不一致，那么要根据不同的时间来调

3、整动时间不一致，那么要根据不同的时间来调整动词的形式词的形式。eg.Ifhehadlistenedtome,hewouldnothavebeeninsuchtroublenow.如果他过去听了我的话，现在他就不会陷入这如果他过去听了我的话，现在他就不会陷入这样的麻烦。样的麻烦。Ifthecriminalwerehonest,hedhavemadeacleanbreastofthewholethinglongago. 【语法要点语法要点】省略省略if的虚拟句的虚拟句在在If引导非真实条件从句中谓语动词部引导非真实条件从句中谓语动词部分含有分含有were,had,should，可省略，可省略if,

4、这时需这时需将助动词将助动词were,had,should,提到句首，变成提到句首，变成倒装结构。作谓语动词时，也可以提到句首而倒装结构。作谓语动词时，也可以提到句首而省略省略if。如：。如：-WereIyou,Iwouldntdolikethat.-Haduaskedme,Iwouldhavetoldu.-Shoulditbenecessary,Iwouldgo. 2.Ifthewholeoperation_beforehand,agreatdealoftimeandmoneywouldhavebeenlost.(99.6) A.wasnotplannedB.hasnotbeenplanne

5、d C.hadnotbeenplannedD.werenotplanned 3._formyillness,Iwouldhavelenthima helpinghand.(95.1) A.NotbeingB.Haditnotbeen C.WithoutbeingD.NothavingbeenCB 4._beforewedepartthedayaftertomorrow,weshouldhaveawonderfuldinnerparty.(97.1)A.HadtheyarrivedB.Wouldtheyarrive C.WeretheyarrivingD.WeretheytoarriveD 【语

6、法要点语法要点】不使用不使用if的含蓄虚拟句的含蓄虚拟句此类句子的特点是虽然不使用此类句子的特点是虽然不使用if，但有相，但有相当于当于if的短语，最常用的形式包括由的短语，最常用的形式包括由butfor,without构成的介词短语或构成的介词短语或otherwise,or,orelse,and单独使用。如：单独使用。如：-Withoutyourhelp,wecouldnothavefinishedtheworkearlier.(如果没有你帮忙，我们不可能早点儿把这活干完。如果没有你帮忙，我们不可能早点儿把这活干完。)-Fiveminutesearlier,andyouwouldhavese

7、enhim.(如果如果早来五分钟，你就能见到他了。早来五分钟，你就能见到他了。)-Butforhishelp,Iwould/shouldfail. Another effort, and you will/ would have succeeded. Put on more clothes, or u would have caught cold. 【语法要点语法要点】不使用不使用if的含蓄虚拟句的含蓄虚拟句if的同义词还有：的同义词还有：除非除非unless;假定假定/如果如果provided,providing(that),supposing/suppose(that),Giventhat

8、,Assuming(that);如果如果onlyif,只要只要so(as)longas;以以为条件为条件onconditionthat;-Imighthavedonebetterundermorefavorableconditions.-Intheabsenceofkeeper,thewarehousewouldhavebeenburneddown.-Incaseof,intheeventof. 5Wedidntknowhistelephonenumber;otherwisewe_him.(95.6) A.wouldhavetelephonedB.musthavetelephoned C.wo

9、uldtelephoneD.hadtelephoned 6.Hemusthavehadanaccident,orhe_then.(90.1) A.wouldhavebeenhereB.hadtobehere C.shouldbehere D.wouldbehereAA 【语法要点语法要点】wish/ifonly虚拟句虚拟句 与现在事实相反，动词变成一般过去式与现在事实相反，动词变成一般过去式(be用用were)didIwishIknewGerman.IwishIwereabird. 与过去事实相反，用过去完成进或与过去事实相反，用过去完成进或could/might/would+havedone

10、 IwishIhadgonewithyoutothepartyyesterday. IwishIcouldhavecaughtthelastbus. 与将来事实相反，用与将来事实相反，用could/would/might+do IwishIcouldwalkonthemoononeday. 以上各句中以上各句中Iwish都可以换成都可以换成ifonly,动词变化形动词变化形式与式与“Iwish”相同。相同。 “ifonly”从句只用虚拟语气，而且其主句一般都省从句只用虚拟语气，而且其主句一般都省略，并以感叹句的形式出现，表示略，并以感叹句的形式出现，表示“要是要是就好就好了了!”谓语动词用过去

11、时表示与现在谓语动词用过去时表示与现在的事实相反的事实相反,用用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反过去完成时表示与过去事实相反. LookattheterriblesituationIamin!IfonlyIhadfollowedyouradvice! IfonlyIhadmoney,Icouldtravelaroundtheworld! 8.IwishI_longerthismorning,butIhadtogetupandcometoclass.(95.6) A.couldhavesleptB.slept C.mighthavesleptD.haveslept 9.SometimesIwishI

12、_inadifferenttimeandadifferentplace.(2000.1) A.belivingB.wereliving C.wouldliveD.wouldhavelivedAB 10.Ifonlythecommittee_theregulationsandputthemintoeffectassoonaspossible.(97.1) A.approveB.willapprove C.canapproveD.wouldapprove 11.LookattheterriblesituationIamin!IfonlyI_youradvice.(93.6) A.followB.h

13、adfollowed C.wouldfollowD.havefollowedDB 【语法要点语法要点】wouldrather后的宾语从句后的宾语从句 用一般过去时表示用一般过去时表示“宁愿某人现在做（或宁愿某人现在做（或不做）某事，但如表示不做）某事，但如表示“宁愿某人过去做宁愿某人过去做（或没做）某事时，（或没做）某事时，wouldrather后则用后则用过去完成时，如：过去完成时，如： Idratherhehadntdonethatyesterday. wouldrather也可换成也可换成wouldsooner,wouldjustassoon,用法不变。用法不变。 Itistime+从句

14、从句（一般过去时）（一般过去时） 12.Tobefrank,Idratheryou_inthecase.(95.1)A.willnotbeinvolvedB.notinvolvedC.nottobeinvolvedD.werenotinvolved 13.Franklyspeaking,Idratheryou_anythingaboutitforthetimebeing.(99.1) A.didntdoB.haventdone C.dontdoD.havedoneDA 14.“Youareveryselfish.Itshightimeyou_thatyouarenotthemostimport

15、antpersoninthewould,”Edgarsaidtohisbossangrily(99.1)A.realizedB.haverealized C.realizeD.shouldrealize 15.Itsalready5oclocknow.Dontyouthinkitsabouttime_?(99.6) A.wearegoinghomeB.wegohome C.wewenthomeD.wecangohomeAC 【语法要点语法要点】表示表示“要求，建议、命令、请求、要求，建议、命令、请求、安排、欲望、想法安排、欲望、想法”等意义的动词后宾语从句中等意义的动词后宾语从句中用用shou

16、ld+动词原形，动词原形，should可省略。常见的可省略。常见的这类动词有：这类动词有：要求：要求：argue,ask,agree,demand,determine,insist,desire,require,request,maintain,beg,decree,plead,prefer,pray建议：建议：propose,suggest,advise,recommend,move（主张），（主张），urge命令：命令：command,order,direct,prescribe（命令，（命令，指示）指示）,resolve（决意）（决意）,rule（裁决）（裁决）,stipulate（规定

17、）（规定）.安排：安排：arrange,decide. 16.Wedesirethatthetourleader_usimmediatelyofanychangeinplans.(93.6) A.informB.informs C . i n f o r m e dD . h a sinformed 17.Ascommanderinchiefofthearmedforces,Ihavedirectedthatallmeasures_forourdefense.(99.6) A.hadbeentakenB.wouldbetaken C.betakenD.tobetakenAC 【语法要点语法要点

18、】表示表示“建议、请求、要求、命令建议、请求、要求、命令”意义的动词出现在意义的动词出现在itis+v-ed结构中，或出现结构中，或出现在同位语从句、主语从句中时，其后仍然接在同位语从句、主语从句中时，其后仍然接（should）+动词原形。动词原形。IthasbeenintendedthatIshouldgotooneofthegreatestuniversities.打算让我上一所打算让我上一所重点大学。重点大学。 18.Itisrecommendedthattheproject_untilallthepreparationshavebeenmade. (95.6) A.isnotstart

19、edB.willnotbestarted C.notbestartedD.isnottobestarted 19.Weareallforyourproposalthatthediscussion_.(98.6) A.beputoffB.wasputoff C.shouldputoff D.istoputoffCA【语法要点语法要点】Itis+形容词形容词+that+(should)+动词原形结构动词原形结构 常见的这类形容词有：常见的这类形容词有： necessary,strange,natural,advisable(明明智的智的,合理的合理的),desirable（理想的）（理想的）,pr

20、eferable（更可取的）（更可取的）,imperative（迫切的（迫切的)important,essential,incredible,essential,natural,anxious,appropriate,better,insistent,obligatory,urgent,unthinkable【语法要点语法要点】Itisapity/ashame/nowonderthat(should) 20.Itisessentialthattheapplicationforms_backbeforethedeadline.(90.1) A.mustbesentB.wouldbesent C.

21、besentD.weresent 21.IdontthinkitadvisablethatTom_tothejobsincehehasnoexperience.(97.6) A.isassignedB.willbeassigned C.beassignedD.hadbeenassignedCC 【语法要点语法要点】incase,lest,fortearthat引导引导的状语从句的状语从句 此类句子的形式为此类句子的形式为should+动词原形。如动词原形。如: Shetookherraincoatwithherincaseitshouldrain. Heputhisovercoatoverth

22、eboyforfearthatheshouldcatchcold 22.Themadmanwasputinthesoft-paddedcelllesthe_himself.(98.1) A.injureB.hadinjured C.injuredD.wouldinjure 23.Hewaspunished_heshouldmakethesamemistakeagain.(2001.6) A.unlessB.lestC.ifD.providedAB 【语法要点语法要点】“so that”和和“in order that”从句引起的虚拟语气从句引起的虚拟语气She stayed at home f

23、or a few days so that she might have more time to study.She researched carefully in order that she might discover a cure for cancer.5. “lest”等连接词引起的虚拟语气等连接词引起的虚拟语气“lest, in case, for fear that, provided (that), on condition that”等连接词引起的虚拟语气等连接词引起的虚拟语气He hurried on lest she (should) meet him again.He is working hard for fear that he should/might/may fail.Take this umbrella in case it (should) rain. 【语法要点语法要点】 whether类虚拟语气类虚拟语气由连词由连词whether(不管不管,无论无论,尽管尽管)所引出的状语从句所引出的状语从句,常用于常用于正式语中正式语中,其谓语用虚拟语气