英语八级-校对与改错练习

1、校对与改错（91-95试卷）PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION Passage OneIt is very difficult imagine an educational system which transmits 1. to values seriously in conflict with that of the government and the state, or 2. thosewhich contributes nothing to training young people for their future adult work-roles. H

2、owever, educational systems are often only partial successful. 3. partiallyThis is partly because people have different views of what elements of culture(norms and values) should be stressed (on), and what skills are useful. 4. on Such disagreement has a fundamental basis in social structure of mode

3、m 5. the Britain because there is often a contradiction among the two functions of6. betweensocialization and training. This is because the two functions are not easilyseparate in practice. The norms and values transmitted to any group of7. separated children have to be somehow relating to the kinds

4、 of skills they8. related taught. The culture of the aristocracy is not the same as that of working9. are -class neighborhoods in the inner cities. Similarly, training for differentsorts of work need to be different: to be proficient in Latin is not useful 10. needs to the shop assistant, just as ex

5、pertise in woodwork is irrelevant to a university teacher.Passage TwoAs people live in a fast-moving world where tensions build up, theeffects of long-distance running are uplifting. Each hill is approached as a positive challenge, causing the runner togrow strongly with each stride and leading him

6、to tranquility and harmony. 1. stronger Long-distance running (that) helps a person to forget pressure on family2. that problems as well as job related annoyances. An example comes quickly in3. to mind. One day I had a really terrible fight with my landlady over some foolishincident. I screamed and

7、yelled at her but she very nearly threw me out. A4. that few minutes later, I set for my daily run. By the end of the first mile, the5. out argument seemed like the bad dream. At the end of the fourth mile, I was 6. a full with feelings of remorse and forgiveness towards the landlady. I saw 7. fille

8、d how unreasonable I have been, I stopped at the local flower shop and bought 8. had my landlady a beautiful rose, which I immediately gave her I stepped 9. as inside the house. Running has that kind of effect on most runners. It makes us feel positive and serene. Incorporating long-distance running

9、 into a daily routine will significantly change a runners life. I do not know whether it comes from following a strict routine the improved physical condition of the 10. that runner. But I do know that people quickly become addicted to the sport.Passage ThreeWhat is drug? Most (of) people probably t

10、hink theres a perfect simple1. of answer to this question. In fact, if one carries a quick survey on any street corner, one finds that, according to vast majority of people, there are two 2. the groups of drugs: those prescribed by doctors, and those people take for non-medical use. As medicine and

11、medical profession are generally self-respectful, there arent any objections to the use of prescribed drugs.3. self-respectedWhat most people dont realize is that when prescribed drugs are usually4. thoughbeneficial, they can also present a serious problem. There were many people addicted by tranqui

12、llizers before doctors began to prescribe them:5. to now there being literally millions who depend on them. An acceptance of6. are the use of drugs for non-medical reasons is largely a matter of a culture. Some Eastern people think the use of alcohol with horror, mainly as 7. look at a result of rel

13、igious upbringing. However, these similar people freely 8. same use marijuana without a second thought, and this, in turn, isnt acceptedin Western culture which accepts alcohol. In most Western societies,9. a the tea- or coffee-breaks now a part of (the) life. And huge quantities 10. the of these dr

14、inks are consumed daily.Passage FourIn a competitive and fast-paced modem society, busy business executives are so engrossing in their work that they hardly know what 1. engrossed the word leisure means. The higher an executives position is on the business ladder, the more hours he spends on his wor

15、k. With a view to gaining greater corporate standing or a big pay rise, he, as a rule, far 2. bigger exceeds (over) the 40-hour working week.3. over The additional stress and tension as well as the shortage of suitable 4. lack rest and recreation very often have a disastrous effect on his health. Fe

16、w such executives realize that unless they learn how to relax, they will soon run of stream before they get to the top of the executive ladder. A noted 5. out American authority on leisure has said that “The key to relaxation to busy 6. for executives is to avoid the types of activities that are par

17、t and parcel of their daily work and to devote themselves totally to have recreational7. having pursuits for at least a part of each day, even it is only for half an hour. 8. if Those jobs require a great deal of contact with others can engage in activities9. whosethat are quiet and peaceful far fro

18、m the madding crowd, far from client 10. clients and business associates.”Passage FiveAir quality in Britain has improved considerably in the last 30 years.Total emissions of smoke in the air have risen by over 85 per cent since 1. decreased1950. The domestic smoking control program has been particu

19、larly 2. smoke important in achieving this result. London and other major cities no longer have the dense smoke-laden “smogs” of the 1950s but in central 3. and London winter sunshine has increased by about 70 per cent since 1958.Since 1990, everyday air pollution data from the British Monitoring ne

20、twork has made available to the public by the Department of the Environments Air Quantity Bulletins. These concentrated three main 4. Quality pollutants-ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide end grade air quality on a scale between “very weak” and “very good”. The 5. by information features in

21、 television and radio weather reports appears 6. and in many national and local newspapers. Therefore, the data are also 7. Moreover available on the special free telephone number and on videotext systems. 8. a A comprehensive review of the issue of urbanized air quality was announced 9. urban in Ja

22、nuary 1992. Three independent committees of experts have been established to advise on different aspects of the problem, and will set 10. up guidelines and targets for air quality. The network will also being extended and upgraded at a cost of 10 million pounds.Passage SixThe amazing success of huma

23、ns as a species is the result of the evolutionary development of our brains which hastened to tool-using, tool-making, the ability to solve problems by logical reasoning, thoughtful cooperation, and language. One of the most striking ways in that chimpanzees biologically resemble humans1. which lies

24、 in the structure of their brains. The chimpanzee, with the capacity for primitive reasoning, exhibits a type of intelligence like2. more that of humans than does any other mammal living today. The brain of the modem chimpanzee is probably not too dissimilar to the brain that so many millions of yea

25、rs ago direct the behavior of the first ape3. directed man.In a long time, the fact that prehistoric people made tools was4. For considered to be one of the major criterion distinguishing them from 5. criteria other creatures. It is true that the chimpanzee does not fashion tools to “a regular and s

26、et pattern” but then, prehistoric people, after their 6. before development of stone tools，undoubtedly poked around with sticks and straws, at which stage it seems unlikely that they made tools to a set pattern too.7. either It is because the close association in most peoples minds of 8. of tools wi

27、th humans that special attention has always been focused upon any animal able to use an objective as a tool; but it is important to realize9. object that this ability, on its own, does not necessarily indicate any special intelligence in the creature concerning.10. concerned Passage SevenDuring the

28、traditional wedding ceremony, the bridal couple promises each other lifelong devotion. Yet, about one out of four 1. promise American marriages ends in divorce. Since 1940, the divorce rate has more than doubled, and experts predict that, of all marriages that occured in the 1970s, about 50% will en

29、d in divorce, The USA2. occurred is one of the highest divorce rates in the world, perhaps even the highest.3. has What goes wrong? That fact that divorce is so common in the United States does not mean that Americans consider marriage a casual,unimportant relationship. Just opposite is true. Americ

30、ans expect a 4. the great deal from marriage. They seek physical, emotional, and intellectual compatibility. They want to be loved deep and understood. 5. deeply It is because Americans expect so much from marriage that so many get divorce. They prefer no marriage at all to a marriage without love 6

31、. divorced and understanding. With typical American optimist, they end one 7. optimism marriage in the hope (of) that the next will be happier. With no-fault 8. of divorce laws in many states, it is easier than never to get a divorce. 9. ever Some American women stay in unhappy marriages because the

32、y do not have the education or job experience to support themselves and their children. But most American women believe that, if necessary, they can make it lonely without a husband. All things considered,10. alone Americans have little reason to continue an unhappy marriage.Passage EightThe world i

33、s in a self-destruction mode. By this statement I mean that the people of the world are bent on making this planet inhabitable in three distinct ways. Furthermore, these three ways 1. uninhabitableare all interrelated and related directly to industrialization.The first of three is through pollution

34、to the air, the water, 2. the or the soil. Industrialization has meant toxic fumes in the atmosphere 3. and and poisonous substances in the water and in the soil. Industry has also been responsible to noise and visual pollution: the roar of machinery and the ugliness of factories and cheap housing d

35、evelopments . these factors take the joy outside of natural surroundings for human beings.4. out However, the balance of nature has been upset. To feed the 5. Second hungry factories, huge forests have been leveled, mountains have stripped of their protection . The results are farther-reaching 6. be

36、en as we can know.7. than The third and the most acute of the problem is the psycho-8. problems logical effect on people of increased competition and hard economic times. The reasons that people give for political unrest might be reasons of belief or religion, but I believe that it is the desire of

37、people to improve their standard of life that ultimately causes wars. Because of the 9. living industrialization, much of the beauty and the simplicity of life is away.10. gone Passage NineThe ordinary family in colonial North America was primarily concerned with sheer physical survival and beyond t

38、hat, its own economic prosperity. Thus, Children were valued in (the) terms of1. the their productivity, and they assumed the role of producer quite early. Until they fulfilled this role, his position in the structure of the family2. their was one of subordination, and their psychological needs and

39、capacities received much consideration.3. little As the society became more complex, the status of children in the family and in the society become, each member must fulfill the4. a number of personal and occupational role and be in constant contact 5. roles with a great many other members. Conseque

40、ntly, viewing children potentially acceptable and necessarily multifaceted members of society 6. as means that they are regarded more as people in their own right so as 7. than utilitarian organisms. This acceptance of children as equal participantsin the contemporary family is reflected in the vari

41、ety of statutes protecting the rights of children and in the social and public welfareprograms devoted exclusively in their well-being.8. to This new view of children and the increasing contact betweenthe members of society has also resulted in a surge of interest in child-rearing technique. People

42、today spend a considerable portion of their time discussing the proper way to bring about children, It is now 9. up possible to influence the details of the socialization of another persons child in spreading the gospel of current and fashionable theories and 10. by methods of child rearing. Passage

43、 OneAdvertising is a form of mass selling, and it is employed whenthe use of direct, person-to-person selling is practical, impossible, or 1. impractical simply inefficient. It is to be distinguished from other activities and its aim intended to persuade the public. Advertising techniques ranges 2.

44、range complexly from the publishing of simple, straightforward notices in the classified-advertising columns of newspapers to the concerted use 3. of newspapers, magazines, television, radio, direct mail, and other communications media in the course of a single advertising campaign. From its simple

45、beginnings in ancient times, advertising have turned 4. has into a worldwide industry. In the U.S. alone in the late 1980s, approximately $120 billion was spent in a single year to advertising 5. on to influence the purchase of commodities and services.Advertising falls into two main categories; con

46、sumer advertising, directed to the final purchaser, and trade advertising, in which the appeal is made to dealers (on) through trade journals and other media.6. on Both consumer and trade advertising employ many specialized types of commercial persuasion. A relatively minor, except important, 7. but

47、 form of advertising is institutional advertising, which is designed mainlyto build prestige and public respect for particular business concerns asimportant institutions. Each year millions of dollars is spent on 8. are institutional advertising.Another minor, but increasingly popular, form of adver

48、tising is cooperation advertising. For example, makers of milk, of pie, and of 9. cooperative sausages sometime jointly advertise this combination as an ideal 10. sometimes cold-weather breakfast.Passage ThreeCheese, nutritious food made from the milk of cows and other mammals, including sheeps, goa

49、ts, buffalo, reindeer, camels, and mares. 1. sheep Cheese is one of the worlds oldest food products for thousands of years, people have (been) raised animals for milk, turning their surplus2. been milk into cheese. More than 400 varieties of cheese existing, making it 3. exist one of the most genera

50、l foods in the world. Cheese comes in hundreds of different shapes, sizes, flavors, and is used in as many different ways. Enjoyed with bread, crackers, and fruit, used as an ingredient in cooked foods, and mixed with salads and flour, cheese is a healthy food all over4. or the world. Cheese is a co

51、ncentrated resource of almost all the valuable 5. source nutrients found in milk, such as protein, vitamins, and minerals, as well as the less desirable fat and cholesterol, substances that may lead to health problems when consumed in excess. The fat content in cheesevaries depending the milk used.

52、Cheese made with whole milk, or milk 6. on enriched with cream, has the lowest amount of fat, cholesterol, and 7. highest calories. Cheese made with skim milk has the lowest. Because its high 8. of protein and calcium content, cheese in moderation is an important component of a balanced diet It is a

53、n especially good source of protein for children, which growing bodies require higher amounts of protein 9. whose than adults. Many vegetarians, who do not eat meat, rely to cheese as a 10. on source of protein in their diets.Passage FourBegun in the late 1960s by Pentagon weapons researches as a sy

54、stem for easing communication between computers in disparate electric networks, the Internet has evolved into a popular vehicle for 1. electronic scientific research, communication, entertainment, and more. It linkstogether thousands of computer networks such as those belonging to corporations, commercial services, universities, and research centers, joining them as branches on a tree to larger networks known as 2. like backbones. Once a computer is on-line, that is, connected by modem or networking equipment of the Internet, the user can