(完整版)英语常用的八种时态

1、英语时态 初中阶段应掌握的时态共有八种， 即一般现在时，一般将来时，一般过去时，现在进行时，过去进行时, 过去将来时，现在完成时，过去完成时。现从结构，作用，时间状语三方面加以介绍。 动词形式分五种：1动词原形T 2.第三人称单数T 3过去式T 4.过去分词T 5现在分词 动词形式 用法及作用 举例 1.动词原形 词典、单词表所给词形，用于一般现在 时（主语为复数）及情态动词、助动词 后。 Flowers smell sweet. They enjoy dancing to the music. You should be more polite. 2.动词原形+ s/es 用于现在时单数第三

2、人称。其词尾变化 规则与名词复数变化规则相同。 He is a 16-year-old stude nt. She washes her hands several times. 3.动词过去式 用于一般过去时态。 I wrote a book last year. We were in Grade Two in 2003. They had many tests last week. 4.过去分词 用于各种完成时态、被动语态。 其变化分为规则和不规则两种。 We have learned nearly 1600 words. He had written 8 letters before 9

3、. The classroom is clea ned every day. 5.现在分词 用于各种进行时态。现在进行时、过去 进行时。词尾以-ING 结尾。 You are listening to me expla ining. He was having an exam at 8 yesterday. 、 般现在时 其结构为: :be 动词 肯定句 主语+am, is , are+其它。 否定句 主语 +am, is , are + not+ 其它。 一般疑问句 Am , Is , Are+主语+其它？ 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+am, is , are+主语+其它？ 实意动词 1） 主语

4、为第一, 二人称及第三人称复数时 肯定句 主语+动词原形+其它。 否定句 主语+do nt+动词原形+其它。 一般疑问句 Do + 主语+动词原形+其它？ 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+do+主语+动词原形+其它？ 2 ）主语为第三人称单数时 肯定句 主语+动词第三人称单数 +其它。 否定句 主语+does nt+动词原形+其它。 一般疑问句 Does+ 主语+动词原形+其它？ 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+does+主语+动词原形+其它? 其作用为: :表示习惯性， 经常性的动作； 表示现在的状态与特征；表示普遍真理 其常用时间状语为 often , always , usually , sometim

5、es , everyday(week , year.), in the morning (afternoon , evening )等。 Ex . 1. _ she _ (go)to the library every Sun day? 此题为习惯性动作，答案为 Does, go. 2. _ They ofte n (swim)in summer. 此题为经常性动作，答案为 swim. 3. _ (be)every one here? 此题表示现在的状态，答案为 Is. 4. _ The earth (travel) round the sun. 此题表示普遍真理，答案为 travels. 二

6、、一般过去时 其结构为：be 动词肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句 特殊疑问句主语+was, were+其它。 主语 +was, were + not+ 其它。 Was , Were+主语 + 其它？ 特殊疑问词+was, were+主语+ 其它? 其作用为：表示过去的情况或过去习惯性动作 其常用时间状语为 yesterday ，the day before yesterday ， .ago , last. 及其它表过去的时间, 如 in 1998 等. Ex. 1.1 _ the nu mber dow n on a piece of paper a mome nt ago. A write B

7、writed C wrote D writ ing 此题表过去的情况，且 write 为不规则动词，答案为 C. 2. Everything _ready before Father came. A were B was C is D are 此题句中暗示为过去时，且 everyth ing 后跟第三人称单数，答案为 B. 3. He always _ me last term. A helped B helps C helpi ng 此题表过去习惯性动作，且 主语+will be+ 其它。 主语+will n ot be+ 其它。 Will+ 主语 be+其它？ 特殊疑问词+will+主语+

8、be+其它？ 主语+will+动词原形+其它。 主语+won t+动词原形+其它。 Will+ 主语+动词原形+其它？ 特殊疑问词+will+主语+动词原形+其它? shall.且若为疑问句只能为 shall. 其作用为：表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态 也可用 主语+am，is，are + going to do+ 动词原形+其它来表示计划，打算或决定要做的事情。 对于很快就会发生的事，还可用进行时态表将来，但常局限于有位置移动色彩的动词，如 go, come, leave 等。 其常用时间状语为 tomorrow , the day after tomorrow , next.

9、, in+时间段及其它表将来的时间， 如 in 2010 等. Ex. 1.Hurry up , or you _ (be)late. 2. _ What you (do)tomorrow? 3. _ They (have) 6 subjects n ext term. 4.1 think it _ aga in later in the day . A rains B will going to rai n C is going to rain D will be rain 5. _ Where this time next year? A will you be B will be you

10、 C you will be D will you going to be 四、现在进行时 其结构为：肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句 特殊疑问句 主语+ am , is , are+现在分词+其他. 主语+ am , is , are +not+ 现在分词+其他. Am , Is , Are+主语+现在分词+其他？ 特殊疑问词+am, is , are+主语+现在分词+其他？ 其作用为：表示说话当时正在发生的动作或现阶段正在进行的动作 其常用时间状语为 now , this week , these days 等，也可是置于句首的 Look , Listen. 现在进行时也可表示最近按计划安排将进

11、行的动作 ，常会有一个表将来的时间状语。但仅限于少量词 语，女口 go, come, leave , arrive 等。 实意动词肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句 特殊疑问句 主语+动词过去式+其它。 主语+did nt+动词原形+其它。 Did+ 主语+动词原形+其它？ 特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它? D help help 为规则动词，答案为 A. 三、一般将来时 其结构为：be 动词肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句 特殊疑问句 实意动词 肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句 特殊疑问句 当主语是第一人称时，助动词可为 注：表态度，情感的动词和感官动词不能用于进行时态( like , know ,

12、want , hear 等) Ex. I.They are planting trees on the hill. They are not pla nti ng trees on the hill. 2. Tom is writing a letter to his friend.( Is Tom writing a letter to his friend? 3.1 am getting ready to run. ( _ What are you gett ing ready to do? 主语+was, were+现在分词+其他. 主语+was，were + not +现在分词 +其他

13、. Was , Were+主语+现在分词+其他？ 特殊疑问词+was, were+主语+现在分词+其他 其作用为：表示过去某个时刻或时段正在进行的动作。 其时间状语为： at this time +过去时间(at this time yesterday) , at that time , at +具体时 间点+过去时间(at 9:00 oclock last night ), from 具体时间点 to 具体时间点+过去时间(from 7:00 to 10:00 yesterday morning) 。 过去进行时还可以与一般过去时搭配用于时间状语从句中。强调动作延续时用过去进行时，强调动作

14、瞬间发生时用一般过去时。常用连词为 when, while. Ex. 1.He _ (not work) at that time. was nt work ing. 2. When the teacher _ (come)in , they _ (talk) loudly. came 为瞬间发生的动作，were talki ng 为持续的动作。 3. What _ you _ (read) last ni ght? 如此题强调的是昨夜正在读什么， 则答案为 were ,reaing 如此题强调的是昨夜读了什么， 则答案为 did , read 4. His mother _ (return)

15、while he _ (do)his homework. returned 为瞬间发生的动作,was doi ng 为持续的动作。 5. My father _ (watch)TV while my mother _ (cook). was watching , was cooking 两动词均为持续的动作。 while 后的从句动词必须为进行时态。若 主句和从句均为进行时，连词必须为 while . 六、现在完成时 主语+ have , has +过去分词+其它。 主语+ have , has +not+过去分词+其它。 Have , Has+主语+过去分词+其它？ 特殊疑问词+ have

16、, has+主语+过去分词+其它 1) 表示过去发生的动作影响到现在，常与 already, yet, ever, never, just, before 等副词连用。 2) 表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，常与表一段时间的时间状语连用。如 for+时间段，since+过去 时间，提问用 How long. 此外，so far, in (during) the last (past)+ 时间段 也是该时态的时间状语。 现在完成时强调过去与现在的联系，而一般过去时只强调过去的动作，与现在无关。 在现在完成时的第二个作用中，必须使用持续性动词，故某些表瞬间的动词需要特定的转换形式。 女口： die-

17、have been dead ， open-have been open, close-have been closed ，buy-have had, borrow-have kept arrive (in ，at),come(to)+ a place-have been in +a place ， leave+ a place-have been away from+ a place ，join+ 团体-have been in+ 团体,have been a+ 团体成员等 Ex. 1 How long have you_ the book? (改为否定句) 改为一般疑问句) 就划线部分提问

18、) 五、过去进行时 其结构为：肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句 特殊疑问句 其结构为：肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句 特殊疑问句 其作用与时间状语： A borrowed B kept C lent D bought 答案为 B。因此处需要一个持续性动词。 2. _ We _ each other since he A did nt see , left B have nt see n , has left 答案为 C.因 since 的主句为现在完成时，从句为过去时。 3. _ he _ (wait) for you for an hour? Has 4. _ We _ ust (have) our

19、lun ch. Have 5.So far, no man _ (visit) this village. has visited 七、过去将来时 其结构为： be动词 肯定句 主语+would be+其它。 否定句 主语 +would not be+ 其它。 一般疑问句 Would+ 主语+be+其它？ 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+would+主语+be+其它？ 实意动词 肯定句 主语+Would+动词原形+其它。 否定句 主语+would nt+动词原形+其它。 一般疑问句 Would+ 主语+动词原形+其它？ 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+would+主语+动词原形+其它? 注：也可用 was，w

20、ere + going to do 的结构来表示。 其作用为：表示从过去某时看将要发生的事情 .此时态常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句中。 Ex. 1.L inda told me that she _ (go)to the park the n ext day. would go 2. _ We did nt know whe n he (arrive )un til he called us. would arrive 3. _ They asked if they (visit )the farm by bus. were going to visit 八、过去完成时 其结构为：肯定句

21、否定句 一般疑问句 特殊疑问句 主语+ had + 过去分词+ 其它。 主语+ had + n ot+ 过去分词+其它。 Had+ 主语+过去分词+其它？ 特殊疑问词+ had+主语+过去分词+ 其它？ 其作用为：过去某时之前已发生的动作或情况，即过去的过去，与现在无关。 此时态常用于 1) 以 by， before+过去时间，时间段 +before ， the (week.)before 为时间状语的简单句中。 2) 主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中。 3) 与一般过去时搭配，用于 when, after ，before 引导的时间状语从句中 Ex. 1.We _ (be) there twic

22、e by the end of last year. had bee n 2. They _ (fin ish)the work before 1998. had fini shed 3. He said he _ (see) the film the week before. had see n 4. The sun _ (rise) whe n he got up. had rise n 5. Yesterday,l _ (leave)the classroom after I _ (clea n) it. left had clea ned 现在完成时中，关于终止性动词与持续性动词的要求

23、，在过去完成时中，依然适用。 EXERCISES 一、用所给动词的适当形式填空 1.I usually (get) up at six ， but yesterday I (get) up at seven, and tomorrow I (get) up at eight. 2.Whe n I got there, you already (start) playing. 3.She (draw) a horse at this time yesterday. 4. We (study) in this school for 3 years. 5.If it (not rain) tomor

24、row, they (go) fishing._ 6. Lily said that she (put) on the new dress the n ext day. 7. How many times the girl (see) the film since last year? 8. Jack (collect) more tha n two hun dred Chin ese stamps. 9. By the end of last mon th, he (teach) us four En glish songs.C have nt see n ,left ,waited ,ha

25、d 10. The doctors (operate) on the sick boy now. 11. My brother (speak) French well. 12. There (be) a volleyball match on the playgro und tomorrow after noon. 13. Look,the stude nts (have) a physics less on in the lab. 14. Whe n we (arrive) home yesterday after noon, the wi nd (blow) hard. _ 15. We

26、n ever (hear) the story of Miss Evans before. 16.1 (not write) to my friend Mike for a long time. 17. Please (not ope n) the win dow. It (be) cold outside. 18. Hurry up! We (wait) for you. 19. Liste n! Some one (knock) at the door. 20. Do you know if he (come) next week? 21.So on they (build) a high

27、 way betwee n the two cities. 22.1 just (buy) a dicti on ary. I (buy) it last week. Now, I (look) up a word in it. 23. He (finish) junior middle school in July 1997. 24. Kates sister (play) the pia no won derfully. 25. We did nt get the tickets because our teacher (give) them all to the other class.

28、 26. it (take) you half an hour to finish your homework yesterday? 27. The teacher told us that we (n ot have) a maths test the next Mon day. 28. the bus (come) yet? 29. These foreig n friends (be) to the Great Wall twice. 30. Jim isnt at home. He (go) to his un cles. 31. Mother,may I go out and pla

29、y? you (clean) your bedroom? Yes, I (do) it five minu tes ago. 32. The boy is not hun gry. He (have) his lun ch. 33.I think the suit (fit) me before long though it (not fit) me now. _ 34. As soon as the rain (stop),they (go) out and played happily. 35. They (call) you in a day or two. 36.I (tell) he

30、r the news as soon as she (come) back. I promise you.( 我答应你 ) 37.Her aunt (study) in Germa ny at this time last year. 38 you (read) this book? No, but I (borrow) one from the library .Would you like to go with me? 39.Please keep quiet. Cant you see we 40.Our teacher ofte n 二、单项选择、填空 )1.-Where is Kat

31、e? A. has bee n )2.What _ he _ A. did , do (talk) about someth ing importa nt? (work) at ni ght but she usually (go) to work on time. -She _ to En gla nd. B . has gone C . will be whe n his mother ope ned the door? B . had done C . will do )3.-How long _ the man A. has, died B )4.She told us that sh

32、e _ A. had visited B _? -For 4 years. .did , die C . was , our factory the n ext day. .was visited C this after noon. C . )5.We_ not go to the cin ema if it A. will , will snow B . will , snows )6.Mr Lee said he _ n ever _ to Japa n. A. has, gone B . has , been C )7.The earth _ around the sun all th

33、e year. A. has moved B . moved C )8.He. his bike ,he has to walk to school. died would visit do, snows had , gone D moves D .will go was , doing .has, been dead .had, .will visit do, will snow bee n will move ( ( A lost B loses C )9.I was late for the meeting. When I reached there A had left B has b

34、een left C )10.Two years has passed since I _ you the first time. A meet B have met )11.I _in Beijing for half a year now. A was B have come )12.When we _ the railway station A got to ，had been away C arrived ，has been away )13.- _ we go and see Liu Ming tomorrow? -Good idea! He _ be very pleased. A

35、 Will ， will B Shall ，will )14.The story in London in1940. happened B has happened A )15.Look A C has lost D ， all the people has left met had lost had been away had met had come the train _ reached ， had left arrived at D for 5 minutes. have been ， has left ， the birds _ towards the south. They are

36、 flying ，flies B fly ，are flying are flying ，fly D were flying )16.How long have you _ the book? A bought B borrowed )17.I have _ the USA for two months. A been to B gone to Shall ， shall Will ， shall happens _ to the south every year. was happening ，flew keep been in had went )18.We _ millions of t

37、rees on the hills in a few years time. A have planted B planted C will plant ( )19.They _ a film this evening. A see B are seeing C shall see D )20.My brother _ a League member for three years. A has been B has become C has joined many times. has been )21.He knew Beijing very well because he _ A had

38、 been B went )22.His uncle _ the Army two years ago. A joins B joined )23.He _ there already. A arrives B arrived plant are going to see was _there C was has joined has arrived )24.Please_ to me as soon as you A write ， get B wrote ，got C )25.He _ some friends and he often _ them during his stay in

39、Tokyo. A has, visits B has, visited C had, visited )26.How often _ you _ to the park when you were in Tianjin? A do, go B did, go C will, go )27.What do you _ do tomorrow? A want to B going to C go to D _ on a farm for ten days. Then they _ to a factory. there. writing get has been in has been write

40、 ， will get had, visits have, gone like to )28.The students Though they _ A have stayed ， went，were C have stayed ， go， have been )29.It _ Thursday tomorrow. back at school, they still remembered those famers and workers. ， go ， ， went ， were had stayed had stayed are A is going to be B will going t

41、o be )30.I him since we last met in 1998. A dont see B havent seen C )31.My mother often clothes last summer. will will be didnt see D have seen ( ( ( A wash B washes C washed )32.He always late for school when he was young. A is B was C )33.He usually _ to school by bus. A go B went C )34.Last summ

42、er I went to Beijing and _ A have stayed B )35.Last night, my father _ A keeps B will be D is washing were goes D there for one month. stays C stay D reading the book for about 2 hours. had kept C kept D much more slowly than light. goes D will go will go had stayed has kept )36.Do you know that sou

43、nd _ A go B went C goes D )37.As soon as he home, he will have a bath. A get B will get C gets D is getting )38.He fell asleep while he _ a book. A read B was reading C is reading D had read )39.Look, someone _ a picture on the blackboard. How beautiful it looks! A draws B is drawing C has drawn D )

44、40.Look at the empty room. All the guests _ A are, leaving B left C )41.Look,Susan!What a beautiful dress my mother _ A is buying B has bought C )42.His father died when he _ a child. A is B was C had been D has been )43.We arrived after the film A has started C was started have left me! buys D drew

45、 will leave bought had started had been started )44.Lets wait till the rain _ . A has stopped B will stop )45.It _5 years since we knew each other. A is B had been C )46.She _ sad since you went away. A has been B is C )47.I _ him for two months. A got to know B )48.Thats why you _ A are B )49.The s

46、cientist _ A gave B )50. _ 5:30 yesterday A At B In will be was D have got to know _so worried in the last few days. have been C had been _us a talk on air by then. will give C gives ， they had finished th work. C On is stopping D stops was had been have know D knew were By had given )51.I think he

47、will be back _ three days . A after B in C on later )52.I think he will be back _ three oclock. A after B in C on )53.Where is Jim? He _ his lessons in the classroom. A does B is doing C has done )54. Where is Jim? He _ to London. A has gone B goes )55.When he got to the cinema A begun B been on lat

48、er did C went D ， the film had _ C started )56.-Did you see him last night? -No, he will go for half an hour. D been in to bed when I got home. ( ( A went B had gone )57.- _ you _ the medicine? A Did take ， took C Have taken ， took )58.Judy _ the Great Wall twice A went to ， wanted C has gone to ， w

49、ants )59.-Excuse me. Look at the sign A dont see B didnt see C has gone -Yes B D D ，I _ have taken will take ， ， and now she still _ to D ： No smoking. C )60.Tom has worked there _ two years ago. A for B at C in )61.I you for a long time. Where A didnt see ， did go C havent seen ， have been )62.He h

50、as been to Shanghai A already B never )63.-Tom out. -Oh A is ， did ，go C has gone ， did ， go )64.-Where is Li Lei? had been it after lunch. have taken takes go there. goes to ， wants has been to ， wants -Sorry, I _ it. havent seen wont see since ? _ you _ B didnt see D havent seen ， has he? ever D h

51、as he? What time still he have gone ， have gone out? went ， is ， going is going ， does， go -He _ his sports shoes in the room. He _ football with his friends. A is puttng on ， is playing B puts on ， will play C is putting on ， will play D put on ， played )65.Lily and Lucy can speak good Chinese beca

52、use they _ China for 6 years. A have been in B have been to C have come to )66.The students will go to the West Hill Farm by bike if it _ fine tomorrow. A will be B is C was D )67.Henry a birthday card for Sam yesterday. A has bought B buys C bought D )68.How long at this factory? A have you come B

53、)69.Ive this dictionary _ A bought ， for B )70.When I got to the factory A are ， talking B )71.Our knowledge of the universe has he in C a year. Its still had ， for C ， the workers have talked C all the time. A grow B is growing C grows )72.He remembered he _ a new jacket, but he _ A has chosen ，has

54、 paid B C had chosen ，had paid D )73.Ill catch up with Lucy before she _ A reach were does will buy will he be new now. had he been bought _about the film. ， since had ， since were talking D _for it. has chosen had chosen the finishing line. grew talked hasnt paid hadnt paid B is reaching C reaches

55、D ， why didnt you give the book to Ann? ， she _ a copy for herself last week. B had bought C has bought D hard outside right now. has rained C )74.-Meimei -Well A buys )75.Stay inside. It A is raining B has rained C was raining )76.-Would you please not draw pictures on the wall? -Sorry, I A am not

56、doing B dont do C didnt do D )77.-How long have you _ there? -About 4 years. A come B gone C left D worked will reach bought rains it again. wont do ( )78.He his homework and now is listening to music. ( )79.The Reads _ lunch when I got to their house. ( )80.His hair _ white these days. A have turne

57、d B are C 答案： 1 B has been to 表示去过某地，但现在已回来。 选项不符合题意。 2. D 本题强调他妈妈开门的一瞬间他正在做什么，而非做了什么。 B, C 选项不符合题意。 3D How long ， for 均暗示本题应用完成时，且 die 为终止性动词，不能与 for+ 时间段连用， C 为干扰 项. 4. C told , the next day 均暗示本题应用过去将来时, A 不符合题意, B 为干扰项。 5. B 在 if 引导的条件状语从句中,要求主句为一般将来时,从句为一般现在时。 6. D said , never 均暗示本题应用过去完成时,而此题

58、又强调主语从未去过日本。 7. C 此题为客观真理,必须用一般现在时。 8. C 本题表示发生在过去的丢车事件对现在造成步行上学的影响。 9. A 到达会场发生在过去,人已离开又发生在到达会场之前。 应用过去完成时。 本题中没有动作持续的 暗示,故不选 D. 10. C since 引导的时间状语从句中,主句为现在完成时,从句应为一般过去时。 11. D for 引导的时间段必须要用持续性动词。 12. A 本题时态应为过去范畴,车开在先,人到在后,且 for 的出现标志从句动词应为持续性动词。 13. B Shall we/I do sth 是争求对方意见或建议的常用句型,且 shall 只

59、能用于第一人称 . 14. A 本题为过去范畴,且不强调某一具体时刻的动作,所以选 A. 15. C 本题 look 暗示现在进行时态, every year 则表规律性动作,用一般现在时。 16. D 与 How long 搭配应用持续性动词, keep 不是过去分词故选 D. 17. C 与 for+ 时间段搭配应用持续性动词。 18. C in+ 时间段用于将来时。 19. D 本题 this evening 可考虑为将来的时间状语,故只能选 D。 20. A 与 for + 时间段搭配应用持续性动词。 21. A 因过去多次去北京才导致了解该城市,而主句已为过去时,故选 A。 22.

60、B 本题为过去时,与动词持续性或终止性无关。 23. C 本题为现在完成时第一种用法,与动词持续性或终止性无关。 24. A 本题主句为祈使句,相当于一般将来时,谓语动词用一般现在时,故选 A. 25. C 本题 during his stay in Tokyo 表明动作发生在过去。 26. B 根据从句中的谓语动词时态题示主句应为过去时,而不能单独看 How often 。就用一般现在时。 27. A 本题虽有 tomorrow，但因出现助动词 do，故不考虑将来时，且 want 具有将来色彩。 28. D 本题最后一句出现 remembered,说明动作发生在过去，而去农场又发生在去工厂之