乳腺癌英文相关

1、乳腺癌相关英文单词metastatic breast cancer (MBC)转移性乳腺癌early menarche初潮nulliparity未经产late age at first birth头胎生育年龄大mutations of tumor suppresser genes抑癌基因突变BRCA1 and BRCA2乳腺癌易感基因1和2radiation exposure射线暴露contiguityenvironmental and lifestyle factors环境和生活方式的因素solitary孤立（病灶）unilateral单侧nonmobile活动性查nipple change

2、s乳头改变prominent skin edema皮肤水肿严重redness皮肤发红warmth皮温升高induration硬结bone pain骨痛difficulty breathing呼吸困难abdominal pain or enlargement腹痛或腹胀jaundice黄疸mental status changes.精神状态改变routine screening mammography常规乳腺钼靶筛查asymptomatic women.无症状的患者Initial workup初始的检查localized lesion局限的病灶suggestive symptoms具有提示意义的症

3、状breast imaging techniques乳腺成像技术ultrasound超声magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)核磁共振Breast biopsy活检a palpable mass on physical examination体格检查可触及肿块indicated for a mammographic abnormality（预示）乳腺异常the size of the primary tumor extent原发灶大小presence and extent of lymph node involvement是否存在淋巴结转移及数目presence or

4、 absence of distant metastases是否存在远处转移assists with treatment decisions协助治疗方案决策Simplistically stated简单来说basement membrane基底膜Involvement of regional lymph nodes区域淋巴结受侵extensive nodal involvement淋巴结广泛受侵fixed to the chest固定于胸壁inflammatory breast cancer炎性乳腺癌rapidly progressive进展迅速preinvasive转移前adenocarci

5、nomas腺癌ductal导管的lobular小叶的maximize quantity and quality of life延长生存期，提高生活质量axillary lymph nodes腋窝淋巴结the risk for breast cancer recurrence乳腺癌复发的风险disease characteristics疾病特点provide prognostic information提供预后信息histologic subtype组织学亚型nuclear or histologic grade核分级及组织分级lymphatic and vascular invasion淋巴或

6、血管侵犯转移proliferation indices增殖指数The estrogen receptor (ER)雌激素受体progesterone receptor (PR)孕激素受体predict response to hormone therapy预测对激素治疗的反应HER2/neu (HER2) overexpressionHER2过表达transmission of growth signals that control aspects of normal cell growth and division控制正常细胞生长分裂的生长信号的传递increased tumor aggre

7、ssiveness肿瘤侵袭性增加rates of recurrence复发率mortality死亡率favorable prognostic features好的预后因素cure治愈prolong survival延长生存rapidly evolving快速发展the most promising interventions最具希望的干预措施in the primary literature在原始文献中combination regimen联合治疗方案appropriate references should be consulted.查找适宜的参考文献Breast-conserving th

8、erapy (BCT)保乳术modified radical mastectomy改良根治术cosmetically superior results效果更美观lumpectomy乳腺肿瘤切除术radiation therapy (RT)放疗prevent local recurrence.预防局部复发Reddening and erythema of the breast tissue乳腺组织红肿Simple or total mastectomy简单或全乳切除术dissection of underlying muscle or axillary nodes切除下方肌肉及腋窝淋巴结carc

9、inoma in situ原位癌Lymphatic mapping with sentinel lymph node biopsy前哨淋巴结活检了解淋巴结定位及受侵invasive phases广泛转移期Local-Regional Therapy局部治疗preferable to更优于subsequent shrinkage治疗后缩小minor complications轻微的并发症definitive local therapy精准局部治疗reflect the trend toward the use of chemotherapy倾向于化疗menopausal status月经状态de

10、cision-support tools决策辅助工具distant recurrence远处转移at a time of low tumor burden 肿瘤负荷小emergence of drug-resistant tumor cell clones耐药的肿瘤细胞出现Selected Adjuvant Chemotherapy Regimens优选的辅助治疗方案Anthracycline-containing regimens含蒽环类的治疗方案doxorubicin 多柔比星epirubicin表柔比星taxanes紫杉类docetaxel多西他赛paclitaxel紫杉醇Dose in

11、tensity剂量强度Dose density剂量密度Dose-dense regimens剂量密集方案serotonin-antagonist5-羟色胺拮抗剂substance P/neurokinin 1antagonist P物质/神经激肽1拮抗剂colony-stimulating factors集落刺激因子ADJUVANT BIOLOGIC THERAPY辅助生物治疗adjuvant trastuzumab辅助曲妥珠治疗optimal concurrent chemotherapy适宜的同时应用的化疗方案Tamoxifen他莫昔芬toremifene托瑞米芬oophorectomy卵

12、巢切除术ovarian irradiation卵巢放疗luteinizing hormonereleasing hormone (LHRH) agonists促黄体生成激素释放激素（LHRH）激动剂aromatase inhibitors芳香化酶抑制剂adjuvant hormonal therapy of choice最佳辅助内分泌治疗premenopausal women未绝经女性estrogenic 雌激素的antiestrogenic properties抗雌激素的特点estrogen withdrawal雌激素撤退hot flashes潮热vaginal bleeding阴道出血de

13、crease in frequency and intensity over time频率和强度随着时间推移而下降hip radius 髋关节半径spine fractures脊柱骨折stroke中风pulmonary embolism肺栓塞deep vein thrombosis深静脉血栓endometrial cancer子宫内膜癌ovarian ablation with LHRH agonists应用LHRH激动剂使卵巢去势goserelin戈舍瑞林anastrozole阿那曲唑letrozole来曲唑exemestane依西美坦bone loss骨量丢失osteoporosis骨质疏

14、松myalgia肌痛arthralgia关节痛rendering inoperable tumors resectable使不可切除肿瘤降级为可切除increasing the rate of BCT保乳率提高extend survival延长生存The choice of therapy治疗方案的选择hormone receptorpositive metastases转移灶激素受体阳性soft tissue软组织pleura胸膜viscera腹腔sequentially treated with endocrine therapy 逐一内分泌治疗cease to respond不再获益ci

15、rculating and target organ estrogens循环中及靶器官的雌激素blocking peripheral conversion from an androgenic precursor抑制外周雄激素转化prototype原型aminoglutethimide氨鲁米特lower incidence of thromboembolic events 较低的血栓时间发生率Fulvestrant氟维司群progressed on tamoxifen他莫昔芬应用后进展Medical castration药物去势reserved for third-line therapy作为

16、三线治疗方案weight gain体重增加fluid retention液体潴留leuprolide亮丙瑞林triptorelin曲普瑞林The choice of treatment depends on the individual个体化治疗time to progression至进展时间sequential single agents序贯单药化疗recommended over相比于*，推荐objective responses客观应答The median duration of response中位应答持续时间unequivocal evidence of progressive disease疾病进展的可靠证据cardiotoxicity心脏毒性unacceptably high不可接收地高doublet/triplet combinations 二药/三药联合方案Trastuzumab曲妥珠单抗an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor口服酪氨酸激酶epidermal growth factor receptor表皮生长因子受体rash皮疹diarrhea腹泻