CH3 变压器基本运行原理

1、2021-10-171 2021-10-1722021-10-1732021-10-174Introduction2021-10-1752021-10-1761u1e10i2e20u02i1N2N2021-10-1772021-10-17812021-10-1792021-10-17102021-10-17112021-10-17122021-10-17132021-10-17142021-10-1715)(mif2021-10-17162021-10-1717tmimit202002021-10-1718101101011ZIERIXIjEU 2021-10-1719100NIF2021-1

2、0-1720m1E2E2E2021-10-17212021-10-1722tmsinmf 2 2021-10-1723)2sin()2sin(cos11111tEtNtNdtdNemmmmmNE112021-10-1724mmmmfNfNNEE1111144. 4222/2/114.44mEfN112mNEj 2021-10-172522222cossin()2 sin()2mmmdeNNtNtdtEt mmNE222021-10-1726mmmmfNfNNEE2222244. 4222/2/2021-10-172711111sin()2mdeNNtdt mNjE11122021-10-172

3、8101xI jE1x111CLC xC ，21111xLN2021-10-17292021-10-1730CupFepFepp 0 第一节第一节 变压器的空载运行变压器的空载运行2021-10-1731220EU111jxrZ101101011ZIErIxIjEUr1 x 0I 1U 1E2021-10-1732mmmjxrZmxmrmFerIp20)(001mmmjxrIZIE2021-10-173311EU11eumfNEU11144. 42021-10-1734mfNEU11144. 42021-10-17352021-10-173621212144.444.4NNfNfNEEKmm2

4、021-10-173711EU 220EU20121UUEEK2021-10-1738)(101001ZZIZIZIUmm2021-10-17392021-10-1740mmrx主磁路饱和程度， mmfCUxr，铁心饱和程度磁阻铁耗励磁电流2021290mNEjeiiEI 因为，超前，与 同时达到最大、同时过、 同相位，超前，所以，为感性 t tim 00 t1 t1mI m 1 E1 E2021-10-1742mmmZrjx212mmmxLfN20FemprI32021-10-17432021-10-1744100111220112204.444.44emmm

5、FUEI rj I xUEEjfNEjfNIII 2021-10-17452021-10-17465.试从物理意义上分析，若减少变压器一次侧线圈匝试从物理意义上分析，若减少变压器一次侧线圈匝数（二次线圈匝数不变）二次线圈的电压将如何变化？数（二次线圈匝数不变）二次线圈的电压将如何变化？4.变压器额定电压为变压器额定电压为220/110V，如不慎将低压侧误接，如不慎将低压侧误接到到220V电源后，将会发生什么现象？电源后，将会发生什么现象？第一节第一节 变压器的空载运行变压器的空载运行2021-10-17472021-10-17481u1e1i2e20u20i 1N2NLZ12第二节第二节 变压

6、器的负载运行变压器的负载运行2021-10-174911 EU01111)44. 4FFCFfECCECUmmmm，即空载和负载时合成磁势（主磁通2F0I1I2021-10-1750210FFF221110NININI)(221011NININI2021-10-1751001FN I)44. 41111mmfECCECU（主磁通2122LFFN I 2FNII10%10%2）（0F2021-10-1752LIIKIII10201)/(KIIL/212021-10-1753KIIL210 I2021-10-17541111 122222FEjI xFEjI x LZIU222021-10-175

7、5111111111ZIErIxIjEU222222222ZIErIxIjEULZIU22222jxrZ2021-10-17562021-10-1757)/(201KIII2121NNEEK)(001mmmjxrIZIELZIU22111111111ZIErIxIjEU222222222ZIErIxIjEU2021-10-175821 EE 1I 1U 1E 2I 2U 2E 0I 20121;, 1IIIEEk若若1122ENkEN2021-10-17592021-10-1760KNNfNfNEEmm21212244. 444. 4KNNfNfNEE2122212244. 444. 422K

8、EE 22KEE22KUU2021-10-17612212NINIKINNII21222222222rIrI222rKr 2021-10-1762222xKx LLZKZ22021-10-1763)(201III21EE)(001mmmjxrIZIELZIU22111111111ZIErIxIjEU222222222ZIErIxIjEU2021-10-17642021-10-1765第二节第二节 变压器的负载运行变压器的负载运行2021-10-1766NNUZIII11101)%55 . 2(,2021-10-1767NII10) 1 . 002. 0(2021-10-1768kkkjxrZZ

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10、001IUZNm200Iprm22mmmrZx2K2021-10-17812021-10-1782kkkPIU,)();(kkkkUfPUfI kZ)(kkUfI NkII 2021-10-1783kkZUI/12021-10-1784kkkIUZ2kkkIpr 22kkkrZxkxxx2121krrr21212021-10-1785C752357523575kCkrr227575kCkCkxrZ2021-10-1786kkCukrIrIrIpp2222121NkNSp)04. 0004. 0(2021-10-1787%1001NkkUUu2021-10-1788kaukru%1001NkNk

11、aUrIu%1001NkNkrUxIu*kkZU*kakUr*krkUx2021-10-1789%5 .10%4%5 .17%5 .12%5 .10%4%5 .17%5 .122021-10-17902021-10-1791021/504 .0/0 .6/YYHZfUUNN，千伏，C25 空载试验（低压侧）：空载试验（低压侧）：U0=400V、I0=9.37A、P0=616W；2021-10-1792VUUNN346436000311VUUNN9 .2303400322VUSIINNNN623.9600031010033111VUSIINNNN3 .14440031010033222变比159

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13、67.132/21kXXX2021-10-1795315.41R835. 61X315. 42R835. 62X2 .526mR48.5520mX2021-10-1796024.0346463.8623.91751*75NkNkURIR038.0346467.13623.911*NkNkUXIX045.0346417.16623.91751*75NkNkUZIZ012.02/024.02/*75*2*1kRRR019.02/038.02/*2*1kXXX4 .1534645 .5545623.911*NmNmUZIZ462.134642 .526623.911*NmNmURIR34.15346

14、45 .5520623.911*NmNmUXIX2021-10-1797045.0*75*kkZU024.0*75*kkaRU038.0*rkrXU2021-10-1798012.0*1R019. 0*1X462.1*mR33.15*mX012.0*2R019. 0*2X2021-10-17992021-10-17100*22221 UUUUUNN2021-10-171012*1 *2*()NkkUUIrjx* 2*kkabr Ir2*kkbcI xx1*1 NUoc 21II NU1 2U12xx12rrnm 21II NU1 2Uabcd1kI r1kj I xo22021-10-1710

15、2oaoaoamnUu 2*2111u mnU2*21 21II NU1 2U1kI r1kj I x2 21II NU1 2U12xx12rr2021-10-17103 21II NU1 2U21XX 21RR mnu 221222111nn 1,noccd即mnUu 2*2111nm 21II NU1 2Uabcd1kI r1kj I xo22021-10-17104mnu22122*2*2cossincossinkkmabbcrx22*2*2cossincossinkknbcabxr22*22*2*2(cossin)(cossin)2kkkkurxxr *2*2(cossin)kkurx

16、 nm 21II NU1 2Uabcd1kI r1kj I xo2第五节第五节 变压器的运行特性变压器的运行特性2021-10-17105)sincos(2*2*kkxrU*222/IIIN12021-10-171060sin2*kur *kkxr*kr)sincos(2*2*kkxrU2021-10-171070 u22022200)(UUUUUuN 2U0 u 2U02*2*2|cos| |sin|kkrx02)sincos(2*2*kkxrU2021-10-17108NU%52021-10-171092U2I)(22IfU 2021-10-171102021-10-171112021-1

17、0-171122021-10-171132mFeBp0ppFeFecuppp2021-10-17114附加铁耗不变损耗涡流磁滞基本铁耗铁耗附加损耗可变损耗基本铜耗铜耗损耗),(2021-10-17115%10012PP1P2PpPP21p2021-10-171160ppFekNpkNCupp2 22222222222coscos coscosNNNNPU IUIUIS2021-10-17117%100coscos2022kNNNppSS0ddkNmpp20kNmpp0%1002coscos022maxpSSNmNm2021-10-17118kNpp /06 . 05 . 02021-10-17

18、1192cos)(fN2021-10-171200 0100 PP kNNPSP222cos 2cos NS cukNPP 2 %100coscos2022kNNNppSS2021-10-171212cos2021-10-17122求求: (1): (1)额定负载且额定负载且 效率及电压变化率效率及电压变化率; ; (2) (2)该变压器在输出功率为多大时效率最高该变压器在输出功率为多大时效率最高? ?若供给若供给 和和 负载时的最大效率为多少负载时的最大效率为多少? ? 例例3 32 2：一台三相电力变压器额定值如下：一台三相电力变压器额定值如下：S SN N=100kVA=100kVA，额定电压额定电压连接，室温为连接，室温为 时的空载、短路试验数据如下：时的空载、短路试验数据如下：021/504 . 0/0 . 6/YYHZfUUNN，千伏，C25空载试验（低压侧）：空载试验（低压侧）：U0=400VU0=400V、I0=9.37AI0=9.37A、P0=616WP0=616W；短路试验（高压侧）：短路试验（高压侧）：Uk=251.9VUk=251.9V、Ik=9.4AIk=9.4A、Pk=1920WPk=1920W； )(8 . 0cos2滞