第九讲 汉译英常见错误例析

1、汉译英常见汉译英常见错误例析错误例析语言文化背景知识点滴语言文化背景知识点滴 panic pnkadj. 恐慌的 n. 恐慌，惊慌 syrinx srksn. 排箫，潘神箫(形似笙的古乐器) Pan是希腊神话里的一位山林之神是希腊神话里的一位山林之神,他人身羊足他人身羊足,头上有角。因长相怪异头上有角。因长相怪异,一出生就被母亲抛弃一出生就被母亲抛弃,后后被神救起被神救起,起名为起名为Pan(潘潘),意思为意思为“全全”。他喜。他喜欢在山林里游荡欢在山林里游荡,用自己古怪的声音和怪相恐吓用自己古怪的声音和怪相恐吓行人行人,人们对此十分恐惧。因为这种恐惧是由人们对此十分恐惧。因为这种恐惧是由Pa

2、n致使的致使的,因此因此“恐惧恐惧”为为panic。潘成年后爱。潘成年后爱上了水泽女神绪任克斯上了水泽女神绪任克斯(Syrinx),可潘的怪相吓可潘的怪相吓坏了绪任克斯坏了绪任克斯,她吓得一直跑到拉东河边她吓得一直跑到拉东河边,纵身跳纵身跳进河里进河里,变成了一棵芦苇。潘伤心地将这棵芦苇变成了一棵芦苇。潘伤心地将这棵芦苇削成一支笛子削成一支笛子,并给它起名为并给它起名为syrinx(绪任克斯绪任克斯)。因此因此,在英语中在英语中,syrinx指潘神箫、排箫。指潘神箫、排箫。 panorama ,pnrm n. 全景，全貌；全景画前缀前缀 pan- = all; 词根词根orama=view；而

3、而 view vju n. 观察；意见；风景panacea ,pnsi:n.治百病的灵药；万能药；能解决一切问题、对付一切困难的万能措施前缀pan-(all)+acea(cure,remedy治疗）Panacea ,pnsi:n.帕那刻亚(古希腊医药女神)美中不足美中不足 误译笑谈举例误译笑谈举例Both America and China are insufficient.正：正：fly in the ointment 嫁祸于人嫁祸于人marry the misfortune to another正：正：shift the misfortune onto sb. else1. 生搬硬套型错误

4、生搬硬套型错误欢迎你来参加英语角活动！欢迎你来参加英语角活动！Welcome you to join our English corner activities!正：正：You are welcome to join our English corner!或者：或者：Welcome to join our English corner!不要搞一刀切。不要搞一刀切。Do not cut off at one stroke. 正：正：Do not impose uniformity.有空儿就到我们家来聊天吧。有空儿就到我们家来聊天吧。 If you are free, please come to

5、 our family to have a talk.正：正：Drop in on us for a chat at any odd moment.2. 逻辑型错误逻辑型错误对不起，我没有看见你。对不起，我没有看见你。Sorry I dont see you.正：正：Sorry I didnt see you.2.1 时间的先与后不合乎逻辑时间的先与后不合乎逻辑从图书馆借来的那本书已找到。从图书馆借来的那本书已找到。The book which was borrowed from the library had been found.正：正：The book which had been bo

6、rrowed from the library was found.2.2 不定式的逻辑主语问题不定式的逻辑主语问题要做出决定，你应该考虑各种因素。要做出决定，你应该考虑各种因素。To make a decision, everything must be taken into consideration.正：正：To make a decision, you should take everything into consideration.这本书需要翻译成英语。这本书需要翻译成英语。The book is required to put into English.正：正：The book

7、is required to be put into English.2.3 分词的逻辑主语问题分词的逻辑主语问题从山顶上看下去，这座从山顶上看下去，这座城市就像个漂亮的花园。城市就像个漂亮的花园。Seeing from the top of the hill, the city looks like a beautiful garden.正：正：Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks like a beautiful garden.看着窗外，他想起了自己的童年。看着窗外，他想起了自己的童年。Looking out the window, t

8、houghts of his childhood came to him.正：正：Looking out the window, he thought of his childhood.2.4 动名词的逻辑主语问题动名词的逻辑主语问题On squeezing on to the bus, my wallet was lost.在及公共汽车时，我的钱包丢了。在及公共汽车时，我的钱包丢了。正：正：On squeezing on to the bus, I lost my wallet.未接到邀请他就参加了晚会。未接到邀请他就参加了晚会。He attended the party without i

9、nviting.正：正：He attended the party without being invited.2.5 不合乎逻辑的比较不合乎逻辑的比较你们班的女生比我们班的更活跃。你们班的女生比我们班的更活跃。The girls in your class are more active than our class.正：正：The girls in your class are more active than those in our class.这里的气候像北京。这里的气候像北京。The climate here is like Beijing. 正：正：The climate her

10、e is like that of Beijing.3. 语义结构（词语搭配）型错误语义结构（词语搭配）型错误有时汉语同一个词要译成英语不同的词语，而有时汉语同一个词要译成英语不同的词语，而有时汉语的不同词语要译成英语的同一个词语。有时汉语的不同词语要译成英语的同一个词语。遇见遇见-meet; 迎接迎接-meet; 满足满足-meet吃药吃药-take medicine; 吃奶吃奶-suck the breast; 吃苹果吃苹果-eat an apple我能看出你的心事。我能看出你的心事。I can see your mind.正：正：I can read your mind.从他的话音里，我能听出东西来。从他的话音里，我能听出东西来。I can hear something from the tone of his voice.正：正：I can tell something from the tone of his voice.通过不断实践学习英语知识。通过不断实践学习英语知识。Study knowledge of English by constant practice.正：正：Acquire (attain, get) knowledge of English by constant practice.4. 往往忘记的语法点往往忘记的语法点他本来想要多给