商务交际英语Chapter3-WritingWithStyle

1、English &Communication For Colleges 商务交际英语（上）Chapter 3 Writing With Style Writing With Style 写作技巧写作技巧Writing With StyleWriting With Style3.1 Planning and Organizing Messages 设计与组织写作内容设计与组织写作内容3.2 Choosing Words 选词选词3.3 Creating Vigorous Sentences 创造生动、鲜明、有力的句子创造生动、鲜明、有力的句子3.4 Building Strong Paragra

2、phs 构建有力的篇章段落构建有力的篇章段落3.5 Editing and Proofreading Messages 编辑与校对写作内容编辑与校对写作内容3-1 Planning and Organizing Planning and Organizing MessagesMessages 设计设计与组织写作内容与组织写作内容Objectives Plan messages by first identifying the objective . Determine the main idea of messages Choose supporting information in mess

3、ages . Adjust（调整，修正）（调整，修正） messages for the receiver and write receiver-oriented 以以接受者为中心接受者为中心 /导向的导向的messages . Organize messages .Planning Messages *Four Steps for Planning Messages Identify the objective promote goodwill（建立良好关系（建立良好关系/信誉）信誉）, Inform（通知）（通知）, request（提出要求）（提出要求）, record（记录）（记录）

4、& persuade（劝说）（劝说）.Determine the main idea (central theme)Choose supporting information explain, reinforce & justify the main ideaAdjust the message for the receiver practice empathyOrganizing Messages *Three Orders for Organizing Messages组组织信息的三种语序织信息的三种语序 Directfavorable, positive & neutral messag

5、es Indirectunfavorable, negative & persuasive Direct-Indirectpositive & negative together P72 Figure3-3Key Phrases & Sentences Structures （P68, Pa.3 ）Goodwill善意，友好善意，友好 is the expression of good wishes , warm feelings ,and concern for the receiver . It contributes to对对有促进有促进 the success of the compa

6、ny you work for and the stability of your job because it strengthens business relationships . 善意是对接受者表达良好的祝福与关切。由善意是对接受者表达良好的祝福与关切。由于善意加强商务联系，所以它有助于你任职于善意加强商务联系，所以它有助于你任职公司的成功与你工作的稳定。公司的成功与你工作的稳定。Key Phrases & Sentences Structures （P69, Pa.3 ）When you adjust the content of your messages, you will wr

7、ite considerate , receiver-oriented以顾客为中心的以顾客为中心的/体贴顾客的体贴顾客的 messages . 当你调整信息时候，你会写出周到的，当你调整信息时候，你会写出周到的，以顾客为中心的信息以顾客为中心的信息1. What are the four steps to planning a message? The four steps are to (1) identity the objective (2) determine the main idea (3) choose supporting information (4) adjust the

8、message for the receiver 2. What are the four basic objectives of a business message? To inform, request, record, persuade 3. What is a receiver-oriented message? A message that is considerate of the receiver and takes into account the impact of the message on the receiver. Exercise 3-14. Why is it

9、important for all business communications to promote goodwill? Business communications should promote goodwill to strengthen business through good customer and employees relations. 5. What are two basic questions to consider when selecting supporting information?(1)what does the receiver need to kno

10、w about the main idea to respond to my message? (2) how will the message benefit the receiver? 6. What are the three ways to organize written communication? (1) direct order (2) indirect order (3) direct-indirect order Exercise 3-13-2 Choosing Words Choosing Words 选词选词Objectives Write courteous mess

11、ages . Create a positive tone Choose bias-free language . Write communications that have appropriate words . Contents Courteous Words 礼貌用语礼貌用语 Positive words 积极语气积极语气, 正面语言正面语言 Proper titles恰当的称谓恰当的称谓 , Bia-free words （避免）歧视性的语言（避免）歧视性的语言 Appropriate Words 用词得当用词得当 Precise words精确的词语精确的词语 ； Up-to-da

12、te words 新潮的语言新潮的语言 Concise words简洁的语言简洁的语言 Key Phrases & Sentences Structures（P74， Pa.1) Courteous words are positive , considerate , and bias-free. 礼貌用语就是正面的，考虑周到的，无歧礼貌用语就是正面的，考虑周到的，无歧视的语言。视的语言。3-3 Creating Vigorous Sentences Creating Vigorous Sentences 创创造生造生动动、鲜鲜明、有力的句子明、有力的句子Adjectives Write co

13、ncise and concrete sentences句子句子要简洁具体要简洁具体 Concise means : brief , to the point . Eliminate unnecessary sentence elements 删去冗赘部分删去冗赘部分 Use concrete language by avoiding vague adjectives and adverbs. 使用具体的语言要避免使用含糊不清的形容词使用具体的语言要避免使用含糊不清的形容词与副词与副词Concise Sentences How to cut down on the wordiness of s

14、entences ? Delete unnecessary elements ,such as redundancies冗赘多余冗赘多余 , empty phrases无意义的词组无意义的词组 and wordiness 冗长，唠叨冗长，唠叨 Use active voice rather than the passive voice . Concrete Sentences avoiding vague adjectives and adverbs. vague adjectives: many better ,bigger, some ,few vague adverbs: clearly

15、 , perfectly , later , soon 1. what are gender biased words ? a. actress, female vocalist; salesperson,; manpowerb. actress, manmade, serverc. actress, salesman, congressman, stewardessd. actress, office workers, waiter, manmade2. what are words of disability bias? a. crippling defect, condition, b.

16、 afflicted with, hasc. crippling defect, disease d. afflicted with, condition3. Sentences written with courteous words should be _. a. bias-free b. negative c. objective d. passiveAnswers: 1C; 2C; 3A 4. What are four types of biases to avoid in business communications? Gender, race, age, and disabil

17、ity. Exercise 3-2 & 3-35. What are three ways to make a sentence concise? a. Eliminate unnecessary sentence elements; b. Eliminate redundancies; c. Eliminate empty words and phrases. 6. A simple way to avoid biases of race and age is to avoid mentioningrace or age unless it is essential to your mess

18、age. Avoid disability bias by avoiding reference to a disabling condition. If you must mention the condition, use unbiased words. 避免种族和年龄歧视的一个简单方法就是不要涉及种族和年龄，除非你的文件避免种族和年龄歧视的一个简单方法就是不要涉及种族和年龄，除非你的文件必须提及他们。可以通过回避提及残疾来避免残疾歧视。如果一定要提及，必须提及他们。可以通过回避提及残疾来避免残疾歧视。如果一定要提及，要使用无歧视的语言。要使用无歧视的语言。Exercise 3-2 & 3

19、-37. Courteous words are positive, considerate, and bias-free. Courteous business communications address receivers by their proper titles, capture the receivers attention, and encourage a positive response. 礼貌用语是正面的，善解人意的，并且没有偏见。礼貌的商务交流要求以适当礼貌用语是正面的，善解人意的，并且没有偏见。礼貌的商务交流要求以适当的头衔称呼对方，引起对方的关注，并鼓励对方积极回复

20、。的头衔称呼对方，引起对方的关注，并鼓励对方积极回复。 8. To cut down wordiness, use the active voice rather than the passivevoice. Using the active voice helps you be direct and keeps your sentences from being too wordy. 为了避免罗嗦，要使用主动语态，不要使用被动语态。使用主动为了避免罗嗦，要使用主动语态，不要使用被动语态。使用主动语态有助于直接表达你的意思，也可避免句子过于冗长。语态有助于直接表达你的意思，也可避免句子过于冗长

21、。Exercise 3-2 & 3-33-4Building Strong Building Strong ParagraphsParagraphs构构建有建有力力的的篇章段落篇章段落Objectives Describe the sentence structure of paragraph and the paragraph structure of business messages . Include the five Ws( who, what , where, when , and why ) in paragraphs and messages . Vary sentence s

22、tyle and paragraph length . Use transitions to connect sentences and paragraphs . Complete Paragraphs To be complete , a paragraph must have unity and coherence关联关联 . Complete paragraphs create messages that are well structured结构严谨结构严谨 and contain all the information necessary for the receiver to re

23、spond. Complete Paragraphs A paragraph is a group of one or more sentences that expresses one idea . Sentence structure in a Paragraph a. beginning sentencetopic sentence b. middle sentencesdevelop the topic sentence c. ending sentenceclose the paragraphComplete ParagraphsParagraph structure in Busi

24、ness Communications a. opening Para.subject, greeting or reference to an earlier correspondenceb. developmental Para.展开的段落展开的段落specific facts, details, reasons , steps & examplesc. closing Para.summation总结总结, restate the main ideaComplete Paragraphs Necessary information. Complete business messages

25、often include the five Ws : what, who, where, when & why Variety length & structure of sentences & Para.句式段落要有变化句式段落要有变化Clear Paragraphs To be clear , a paragraph must have unity . A transition a word or phrase that connects sentences in paragraphs , and in turn connects paragraphs in a message . Co

26、mmon transition contrast, cause-result, explanation, listing, time & similarityKey Phrases & Sentences Structures （P86，Variety , Pa.1) You will hold your readers attention if you vary变化，变化，改变改变 the length and structure of your sentences as well as the structure of your paragraphs . 如果你改变了句子与篇章结构，你会吸

27、引如果你改变了句子与篇章结构，你会吸引读者的注意。读者的注意。3-4Editing and Proofreading Editing and Proofreading MessagesMessages编辑与编辑与校校对写对写作作内内容容Objectives Edit your own business communications for clarity , completeness , and tone . Proofread for content and mechanical errors . Use different methods of proofreading. Use proo

28、freadersmarks . Editing and Revising 编辑与修改编辑与修改To edit is to review and revise a written message to improve it . concentrate on the main ideas & contentProofreading 校对校对 Proofreading is the process of reviewing and correcting the final draft of written message . Proofreading 校对校对 The steps when you

29、proof : It is best to look for one kind of error at a time First look for general content errors . content errors include :missing , repeated , substututed words , transposed words , incorrect proper names , incorrect use of words . Second , look for mechanical errors . Incorrect spacing , missing parts of a business letter , misspelled