必修4动词-ing形式作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语

1、年 级高一学 科英语版 本人教实验版内容标题必修4 Unit 3 A taste of English humor动词-ing形式作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语编稿老师林静【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：动词-ing形式作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语二. 知识精讲（一）动词的ing形式作表语1. 动名词作表语一般表示抽象的、习惯性的行为，这时主语与表语的位置可以互换。Her duty is taking care of the babies.照看婴儿是她的职责。Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我们的工作就是演奏各种音乐2. 现在分词作表语，表明的是

2、主语的性质与特征，相当于形容词，可有比较级形式，亦可被very, quite，so等副词修饰，这时主语与表语的位置不可互换 The music they are playing sounds exciting. 他们演奏的音乐是如此令人兴奋The film we saw last night is quite moving. 我们昨晚看的电影十分感人。（二）动词的ing形式作定语1. 动名词作定语，表示该名词的用途或与其有关的动作，通常只能放在所修饰的名词前。a walking stick手杖 reading room 阅览室 washing machine洗衣机2. 现在分词作定语，说明所修

3、饰的名词正在进行的动作或存在的状态，现在分词与所修饰的名词具有逻辑上的主谓关系，可换成定语从句来表达，单个的现在分词作定语常置于被修饰的名词前，现在分词短语作定语须置于被修饰的名词后。Nobody can stop the running horse(=the horse that is running).没人能阻止那匹奔跑的马。The student making the experiment(=who is making the experiment) is our monitor.正在做实验的那个学生是我们的班长。（三）动词-ing形式作宾语补足语动词-ing形式作宾语补足语表示动作正在

4、进行，这时宾语与宾补之间构成主谓关系，主要用于以下两类动词之后：1. 表示感觉和状态的动词，如see, hear, feel, smell, watch, find, notice，catch，observe等。I felt someone patting on the shoulder. 我感到有人拍了拍我的肩膀I caught a stranger sliding into the managers office. 我无意中发现一个陌生人溜进了经理的办公室。2. 表示“指使”等意义的动词，如have, set, keep, get, leave等Do you think you can g

5、et the radio working ?你认为你能修好这台收音机吗？Im sorry to have kept you waiting long. 对不起，让你久等了知识拓展：感官动词和使役动词后，除用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语外，还可以用省略to 的不定式（强调动作的完成，指全过程）及过去分词（宾语与宾补之间构成被动关系）作宾补。I saw the thief get on the train and disappeared .我看见那个贼上了火车，消失了。There was so much noise in the hall that I couldnt make myself he

6、ard.大厅里太嘈杂了，我说话的声音无法被别人听到。即学即用：1. If a solution _ the rivers against pollution is found, then our living surroundings will be improved.A. to protect B. protecting C. to protecting D. protect2. The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket _ the desert.A. covering B. covered C. cover D. to cover

7、3. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A. put B. to be put C. to put D. putting 4. _ to give up smoking, he threw away his _ cigarettes. A. Determined; remained B. Determined; remaining C. Determining; remained D. Determining; remaining5. The houses _ by the f

8、irst company will be completed by the end of this year. A. being built B. built C. to be building D. to build6. He was deeply _because the story is _. A. moved; moved B. moving; moving C. moved; moving D. moving; moved （四）现在分词（短语）（动词-ing形式）作状语1. 现在分词（短语）作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语，分词必须和句子的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。现在分词

9、作状语可以表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、让步或伴随情况等。（1）表示时间，作时间状语，相当于时间状语从句，有时可以在动词-ing 形式前加一个表示时间的连词，如when，while等。Turning away (= When she turned around ), she saw a car driving up.转过身来，她看见一辆车开过来了。While shopping(= While I was shopping ) in the supermarket , I met an old friend of mine.在超市购物时， 我碰到了一个老朋友。Having finishe

10、d(=After he had finished ) the homework , Henry went home.完成作业后，亨利就回家了。(2）表示原因，作原因状语， 相当于原因状语从句。Not knowing his telephone number (= Since I didnt know ) , I couldnt get in touch with him.由于不知道他的电话号码， 我无法和他取得联系。Having lived in London for many years (= Because I have lived ) , I almost know every plac

11、e quite well.在伦敦住过多年，我几乎对每个地方都很熟悉。（3）表示结果，作结果状语，相当于结果状语从句。通常放在句末，中间有逗号隔开， 表示一种自然的、顺理成章的结果。The fire lasted nearly a month , leaving nothing valuable ( = and left nothing valuable).大火持续了近一个月， 几乎没剩下有用的东西。His parents died in the accident, leaving him an orphan.他的父母在车祸中丧生，以致他成了孤儿。(4)表示条件，作条件状语， 相当于条件状语从句

12、。Being more careful ( = If you are more careful), you can make fewer mistakes.如果你更细心点， 就会少犯错误。Working hard( = If you work hard ), you will succeed.努力工作，你会成功的。(5)表示让步，作让步状语，相当于让步状语从句，有时分词前可带有连词although , even if , even though.Admitting what you say ( = Although I admit what you say ) , I still think

13、you are wrong.虽然承认你所说的话，但我仍然认为你错了。Although repeating his words many times( = Although the teacher repeated ) , the teacher couldnt make his students understand.尽管重复了许多次，老师还是无法让学生理解他自己所说的话。(6)表示方式、伴随或补充说明。分词短语表示方式、伴随或补充说明时，常用来说明动作发生的背景或情况。 一般情况下，分词表示的动作和谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，常置于句末，可以用并列句来转换。I stood by the do

14、or, not daring to say a word ( = and didnt dare to say a word).我站在门旁，不敢说一句话。He was walking along the street , looking this and that (= and looked this and that ).他左顾右盼地在街上走着。When people heard about Qu Yuans death , they sailed up and down the river searching for his body(=and searched for his body )

15、.人们听到屈原的死讯后，在江上来来回回地寻找他的尸体。 2. 现在分词作状语时应注意的问题。(1)现在分词作状语时，要注意分词的时间性。当分词的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生时，用分词的一般式。当现在分词的动作先于谓语动词的动作发生时，用分词的完成式。Not recognizing the voice, he refused to give the person his address.因为没听出这个人的声音，他没把自己的地址给他Not having received his fathers letter, he decided to make a call to him.因为没收

16、到父亲的信，他决定打个电话给父亲(2) 有时现在分词（短语） 有自己的逻辑主语，它们之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，称之为独立主格结构。It being a holiday , all the shops were shut.由于是假期，所有的商店都关门了。Class being over, children could play football.下课了，孩子们可以踢足球了。(3)动词-ing 形式可以作插入语，在句中作独立成分，表明说话人的态度。常见的有：generally / frankly (honesty ) / exactly(properly)/ speaking一般/坦白/确切/严格来

17、说judging by / from 从判断considering 考虑到supposing 假设seeing 因为；鉴于；由于Generally speaking , the Chinese prefer tea to coffee.一般来说，中国人爱喝茶而不爱喝咖啡。Judging from his accent , he is from the south.从他的口音判断，他是南方人。即学即用：1. It rained nonstop for ten days, completely our holiday. A. to ruin B. ruined C. having ruined D

18、. ruining2. The secretary worked late into the night, _ a long speech for the president.A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing3. _ a reply, he decided to write again.A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received4. More and more people are signing up

19、 for Yoga classes nowadays, _advantage of the health and relaxation benefits. A. takingB. takenC. having takenD. having been taken5. Cant you read? Mary said _ to the notice. A. angrily pointing B. and point angrilyC. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing6. _ you should have no trouble with the di

20、fficult work.A. Knowing this B. If you are knowing thisC. From knowing this D. If you have knowing this7. _ by what everyone says about him, he has a good chance of winning. A. Judged B. To Judge C. Having Judged D. Judging8. The earthquake _ the tsunami (海啸) happened deep under the sea, _ more than

21、 200,000 people. A. causing; killing B. caused; killing C. causing; killed D. caused; killed 9. Though _ natural resources, the area is well developed. A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in 10. _, the more expensive the camera, the better its quality. A. General speaking B. Speaking genera

22、l C. Generally speaking D. Speaking generally 11. The girl in the snapshot was smiling sweetly, her long hair_. A. flowed in the breeze B. was flowing in the breeze C. were flowing in the breeze D. flowing in the breeze12. _ like a great idea, what he said was accepted by all present immediately. A.

23、 Sounded B. Sounds C. To sound D. Sounding 【典型例题】1. In April, 2009, President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao, _the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy. A. marking B. marked C. having marked D. being marked2. At the age of 29, Dave was a worker, _ in a small apartment near Boston a

24、nd _ what to do about his future.A. living; wondering B. lived; wondering C. lived; wondered D. living; wondered3. When we visited my old family home, memory came _ back. A. flooding B. to flood C. flood D. flooded4. They use computers to keep the traffic _ smoothly. A. being run B. run C. to run D.

25、 running5. A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, _ all four people on board. A. killed B. killing C. kills D. to kill6. _ many times, he finally understood it.A. Told B. Telling C. Having told D. Having been told7. There is a great deal of evidence that music activities

26、engage different parts of the brain.A. indicate B. indicating C. to indicate D. to be indicating8. _ that she was going off to sleep, I asked if shed like that little doll on her bed. A. Seeing B. To see C. See D. Seen9. _that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest.A. Not realize

27、d B. Not to realize C. Not realizing D. Not to have realized10. My sister, an inexperienced rider, was found sitting on the bicycle _ to balance it.A. having triedB. tryingC. to tryD. tried预习导学Unit 4 Body language（一）重点单词statement n. 陈述 ，说明greet vt. 问候；迎接represent vt. 代表，象征association n. 社团，联想，联系curi

28、ous adj. 好奇的 curiously adv. 好奇地approach n. 接近，方法，途径 v. 接近，靠近defend vt. 保护；保卫defence n. 防御；保卫major adj. 主要的misunderstand vt. 误解；误会misunderstanding n. 误解；误会adult n. 成年人 adj. 成人的；成熟的spoken adj. 口语的unspoken adj. 未说出口的；非口语的likely adj. 可能的facial adj. 面部的function n. 作用，功能，职能 v. 起作用ease n. 安逸，舒适truly adv. 真

29、实地；真诚地；真正地false adj. 错误的，假的anger n. 怒气；怒火subjective adj. 主观的（二）重点短语defend against 保卫以免受be likely to do 很可能，有希望in general 总的来说，大体上at ease 舒适，快活，自由自在lose face 丢脸turn ones back to 背对；背弃（三）重点句型1. The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain. 过去分词

30、短语作伴随状语。2. Not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people.not all 部分否定 not nor 既不又不3. These actions are not good or bad, but are simply ways in which cultures have developed.way 引导的定语从句。【模拟试题】（答题时间：60分钟）一. 单项选择1. The

31、salesman scolded the girl caught _ and let her off.A. to have stolenB. to be stealing C. to stealD. stealing2. Can you lend me some money? I am _than you . You know I live from hand to mouth . A. better off B. worse off C. more badly D. much poor *3. The teacher went into the room , _the boy _outsid

32、e. A. left; standing B. leaving ; standing C. left; stand D. leaving ; stand 4. With the electricity _, all the machines stopped to work. A. cut off B. cut up C. was cut off D. was cut down 5. The students all wear the same uniform, so its hard for me to _my son among them. A. bring out B. pick out

33、C. pick up D. bring up6. How are you doing with your newly founded company, John? Thats too bad. The whole thing is _ complete failure. A. the B. a C. / D. some 7. What did she say just now? She said it _, so I didnt hear. A. in surprise B. in a whisper C. in return D. in relief *8. Where is our Eng

34、lish teacher? She is in the classroom, _ the exercises _ the students have done at home. A. explaining; /B. explaining; for C. explained; toD. explained; from9. Experts say children easily _when they make a promise, so dont depend on them in some important events. A. apologize B. react C. regret D.

35、chew 10. In the study, I found my son _ at a desk, with his attention _ on a book.A. sitting; fixingB. sit; fixedC. sitting; to be fixedD. seated; fixed11. Who starred _the film set _ Suzhou? A. in; on B. on ; in C. in; at D. in ; in 12. So long as we dont lose heart, we will find a way to _the diff

36、iculty. A. overcome B. contrast C. content D. contact *13. _，I have no difficulty in finding the famous actors house. A. Directing by Jack B. I was directed by Jack C. With Jack directing me D. Jack directed me 14. With online course Crazy English has over 20 million students all over China _the cla

37、ss through the Internet . A. attend B. attended C. attending D. to be attending *15. While watching television, _.A. the door bell rang B. the doorbell ringsC. we heard the doorbell ringD. we heard the doorbell rings二. 完形填空Is it difficult for you to get up in the morning? Do you sometimes oversleep?

38、 Are you often late for work or school? Then Hiroyuki Sugiyama of Japan has a(n) 16 bed for you. Hiroyukis bed will 17 you up in the morning! Here is how it 18 . The bed is 19 an alarm clock. First, the alarm clock rings. You have a few minutes to wake up. Next, a tape recorder in the bed plays 20 m

39、usic or other pleasant sounds. The tape recorder in Hiroyukis bed plays a recording of his girlfriend. She whispers in a sweet 21 , “Wake up, darling, please.” A few minutes later, a second recording 22 . The sound recording can be loud music or 23 sounds. Hiroyuki hears a recording of his boss. His

40、 boss 24 , “Wake up immediately, 25 youll be late!” If you dont get up 26 the second recording, you 27 be sorry! A mechanical “foot” is in the bed. The mechanical foot kicks you in the head. Then the bed waits a few _28_ minutes. What! Youre 29 in bed! Slowly the 30 of the bed rises higher and highe

41、r. The foot of the bed goes lower and lower. 31 , the bed is vertical（垂直的）. You slide off the bed and onto the floor. You are out of bed and 32 . Hiroyuki made his bed because he wanted to 33 a contest. He works for Honda Motor Company. Once every two years Honda has a contest for its 200,000 employ

42、ees“All-Honda Idea Contest.” The employees think of new 34 . If their ideas win, the employees win _35 . Hiroyuki Sugiyama won one of the top prizes for his bed. 16. A. expensiveB. specialC. valuableD. comfortable17. A. getB. catchC. makeD. let18. A. worksB. runsC. happensD. moves19. A. separated fr

43、omB. made up ofC. connected toD. made into20. A. loudB. classicalC. popD. soft21. A. soundB. voiceC. noiseD. way22. A. sendsB. turnsC. playsD. appears23. A. pleasantB. interestingC. unpleasantD. funny24. A. shoutsB. announcesC. whispersD. persuades25. A. andB. butC. soD. or26. A. beforeB. untilC. si

44、nceD. after27. A. canB. willC. mayD. need28. A. otherB. anotherC. moreD. one29. A. stillB. yetC. alreadyD. even30. A. endB. middleC. bodyD. top31. A. HoweverB. FinallyC. ThereforeD. Otherwise32. A. angryB. workC. happyD. awake33. A. achieveB. winC. gainD. defeat34. A. ideasB. thoughtsC. factsD. ways

45、35. A. praisesB. contestsC. prizesD. medals三. 阅读理解AWe walked in so quietly that the nurse at the desk didnt even lift her eyes from the book. Mum pointed at a big chair by the door and I knew she wanted me to sit down. While I watched mouth open in surprise, Mum took off her hat and coat and gave th

46、em to me to hold. She walked quietly to the small room by the lift and took out a wet mop. She pushed the mop past the desk and as the nurse looked up, Mum nodded and said, “Very dirty floors. ” “Yes, Im glad theyve finally decided to clean them,” the nurse answered. She looked at Mum strangely and

47、said, “But arent you working late?” Mum just pushed harder, each swipe(拖一下) of the mop taking her farther and farther down the hall. I watched until she was out of sight and the nurse had turned back to writing in the big book. After a long time Mum came back. Her eyes were shining. She quickly put

48、the mop back and took my hand. As we turned to go out of the door, Mum bowed politely to the nurse and said, “Thank you.” Outside, Mum told me, “Dagmar is fine. No fever. ” “You saw her, Mum?” “Of course. I told her about the hospital rules, and she will not expect us until tomorrow. Dad will stop w

49、orrying as well. Its a fine hospital. But such floors! A mop is no good. You need a brush.” 36. When she took a mop from the small room, what Mum really wanted to do was _. A. to clean the floorB. to please the nurse C. to see a patientD. to surprise the story-teller 37. When the nurse talked to Mum

50、 she thought Mum was a _. A. nurse B. visitor C. patientD. cleaner 38. After reading the story what can we infer about the hospital? A. It is a childrens hospital. B. It has strict rules about visiting hours. C. The conditions there arent very good. D. The nurses and doctors there dont work hard. 39

51、. From the text we know that Dagmar is most likely _.A. the story-tellers sister B. Mums friend C. the story-tellers classmate D. Dads boss 40. Which of the following words best describes Mum? A. strangeB. warm-hearted C. cleverD. hard-working BAs prices and building costs keep rising, the “do-it-yourself” (DIY)trend in the US continues to grow. “We needed furniture for our living room,” says John Ross, “ and we just didnt have enough money to buy it. So we decided to try making a few tables and chairs.” John got married six months ago, and like many young people these days, they ar