选修八第三单元语法grammarPPT课件

1、2021/7/2312021/7/232 过去分词只有一种形式。过去分词只有一种形式。 现在分词：现在分词：2021/7/2332021/7/234I. Past participle used as attributes （定语）（定语） 1.位置位置: 单个分词位于名词前，短语则在名词后单个分词位于名词前，短语则在名词后,被过去分词所修饰的名词，就是该分词的逻辑被过去分词所修饰的名词，就是该分词的逻辑主语主语。 The stolen car was found by the police last week. The speaker answered all the questions r

2、aised by the audience. 2021/7/2352.作用作用-相当于一个定语从句相当于一个定语从句 （2）The book, written in1957, tells the struggle of the miners.=Is there anything that has been planned for tonight?（1）Is there anything planned for tonight ？=The book, which was written in 1957, tells the struggle of the miners.注：注：The probl

3、em （discussed yesterday） has something to do with daily life. The problem （being discussed now） has nothing to do with daily life.（表示完成）（表示完成）（表示正在进行）（表示正在进行）2021/7/236 II. Past participles used as predictive（表语）表语）1. 过去分词作表语，表示主语所处的状态，过去分词作表语，表示主语所处的状态， 其逻辑主语就是句子的主语其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。The window is broken

4、.The inner gate was locked.She was greatly excited.2. 与现在分词作表语的区别。与现在分词作表语的区别。现在分词：主语的特征或性质，现在分词：主语的特征或性质，“令人令人”，有主动意，有主动意思。思。e.g. How disappointing the election is! 过去分词：主语的感受，过去分词：主语的感受，“感到感到”，有被动意思。，有被动意思。e.g. They feel disappointed at the election.2021/7/237常见的这类此有：常见的这类此有：interesting interested

5、 encouraging encouraged delightingdelighted disappointingdisappointed pleasingpleased puzzlingpuzzled satisfyingsatisfied surprisingsurprised worrying-worried2021/7/238This river is polluted.译：这条河被污染了This river was polluted by the chemical plant. 译：这条河是被那家化工厂给污染的。过去分词作表语和被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语和被动语态的区别：The

6、windows are closed.译：窗户是关着的。The windows were closed by Jack.译：窗户是被杰克关起来的过去分词作表语，表状态，相当于一个形容词；在过去分词作表语，表状态，相当于一个形容词；在被动语态中，过去分词表动作，常由被动语态中，过去分词表动作，常由byby引出动作的引出动作的发出者。发出者。（过去分词作表语，表状态）（过去分词作表语，表状态）（过去分词构成被动语态，表动作）（过去分词构成被动语态，表动作）2021/7/239III. Past participle used as the Object Complement (宾语补足语宾语补足语

7、) 1. 表表“希望，要求希望，要求”的动词：的动词： want, wish, expect, wish, like, order + (to be) done 表示表示“希望希望/要求某人或某事被要求某人或某事被”e.g. I want the work (to be) finished by Sunday. Jim ordered the room (to be) cleaned. 2021/7/23102. 2. 表表“感觉，感觉， 心理状态心理状态”的动词：的动词：see, hear, find, feel, think, watch, notice + object(宾语宾语) +

8、p.p.e.g. We saw the thief caught by the police. People found the water polluted. Have you heard a pop song sung in Japanese? 2021/7/2311过去分词过去分词, 不定式不定式, 现在分词作宾补的现在分词作宾补的区别区别:三者与宾语逻辑上都是主谓关系，三者与宾语逻辑上都是主谓关系，但过去分词强调他们之间的被动关系，但过去分词强调他们之间的被动关系，不带不带to的不定式强调动作发生的全过程，的不定式强调动作发生的全过程，doing强调他们之间的主动关系，正在强调他们之间

9、的主动关系，正在进行。进行。I saw her come into the classroom.I saw her coming into the classroom.I saw her taken out of the classroom.2021/7/23123. 3. 使役动词使役动词: : make, get, have, keep,leave, etc. e.g. We must get the table cloth washed. = We must ask somebody to wash the table cloth. He had his watch repaired.

10、4.在在“with / without宾语宾补宾语宾补(过去分过去分词词)”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。宾关系。e.g. Do you know the man with his hair tied back?2021/7/2313IV. Past participle used as the Adverbial(状语状语)过去分词作状语相当于状语从句。过去分词作状语相当于状语从句。e.g. 1. Asked why he didnt do it, he began to cry.过去分词作过去分词作时间状语时间状语相当于时间状语从句相当于时间状

11、语从句(When he was) asked why he didnt do it, he began to cry.2021/7/2314e.g. 2. Given more time, Ill catch up with you.过去分词作过去分词作条件状语条件状语相当于条件状语从句相当于条件状语从句(If I am) given more time, Ill catch up with you.e.g. 3. Born and brought up in the village, he knows a lot of people there.过去分词作过去分词作原因状语原因状语相当于原因

12、状语从句相当于原因状语从句(Because he was) born and brought up in the village, he knows a lot of people there.2021/7/2315e.g. 4. Defeated many times, they continue to fight.过去分词作过去分词作让步状语让步状语相当于让步状语从句相当于让步状语从句(Although they had been) defeated many times, they continued to fight.e.g.5. The teacher entered the cla

13、ssroom, followed by a group of students.表示方式和伴随情况表示方式和伴随情况时可以转换为一个并列的谓语时可以转换为一个并列的谓语成分。成分。The teacher entered the classroom (and he was followed) by a group of student.2021/7/2316过去分词作状语时过去分词作状语时, 为了使意义更加明确为了使意义更加明确,也可以在也可以在pp.前加上对应的连词前加上对应的连词when,as,if 等等等等.4. Although defeated many times, they con

14、tinue to fight.3. As / Because born and brought up in the village, he knows a lot of people there.2. If given more time, Ill catch up with you.1. When asked why he didnt do it, he began to cry.注意：带有连词的过去分词结构相当于一个省略句注意：带有连词的过去分词结构相当于一个省略句,省略的部分为主语省略的部分为主语+be的相应变化形式的相应变化形式.2021/7/2317注意：注意：1） 现在分词与过去分

15、词作状语时的区别现在分词与过去分词作状语时的区别_London (夜里参观伦敦夜里参观伦敦)at night, you are a bit like in a dream._ (当有人夜里来访当有人夜里来访)at night , you must make sure the visitor really your friend.When visitingWhen visited选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。主语。 如分词和主句的主语是主动关系，分如分词和主句的主语是主动关系，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去

16、分词。2021/7/2318_ (写完了所有写完了所有的信之后的信之后)，I had a drink and went out.Having finished all my letters_ (信写完之后信写完之后)，the letter should be read to the one who asks you to write it.Finished 从山顶看，从山顶看， 我们能看到一个美丽的公园。我们能看到一个美丽的公园。 从山顶看，从山顶看， 公园很美丽。公园很美丽。Seeing from the top of the hill, we can see a beautiful par

17、k.Seen from the top of the hill, the park is beautiful.2021/7/2319_ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. ( lose)_ in white, she looks more beautiful.( dress) be lost in； be dressed in； be interested in； be devoted to； be supposed to； be caught in the rain； be seated in； be prepare

18、d for； be determined to Lost2.系表结构表示主语所处的状态系表结构表示主语所处的状态Dressed类似的还有：类似的还有：2021/7/2320 generally speaking given judging from/by judged by considering supposing that talking of seeing (that) 有些固定用法：有些固定用法：一般说来一般说来, 鉴于鉴于, 根据根据来看来看, 考虑到考虑到,假如假如,说到说到, 鉴于，由于鉴于，由于2021/7/2321习题：习题：1.Wesawthe thief_(catch)b

19、ythepolice.caught译：我看见那个小偷被警察抓住了。（过去分词短语作宾语补足语，表被动。)2.Isaw him_(geton)thebus.gettingon译：我看见他正在上车。（现在分词短语作宾语补足语，表主动。动作正在进行。）3.Iwillhave/getmy hair_(cut)tomorrow.cut译：我准备明天理发。(过去分词作宾补，表被动。)2021/7/2322 Imverythirsty.Youdbetterdrinksome_water.A.boilingB.boilC.boiledD.tobeboiled2)TheOlympicGames_in776B.C

20、.lastedforonlyoneday.A.heldB.tobeheldC.holdingD.beingholding3)Theroomsare_,soyoucantmovein.A.paintedB.paintingC.beingpaintedD.tobepaintedCAC2021/7/23234)Assoonasheenteredthecity,he_.A.waslosingB.gotlosingC.lostD.gotlost5)Whathehasdoneisreally_.Nowhisparentsare_him.A.disappointing;disappointedatB.disappointing;disappointedaboutC.disappointing;disappointedwithD.disappointed;disappointingby(e.g. get hurt get excitedget pleased)CD2021/7/23246)._areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.HavingnotreceivedC7). _inhernewskirt,shetriedto