完形填空与解析

1、完形填空与解析 （ 二）、解题技巧高考英语试题中的 完形填空 是一种测试考生英语知识综合运用能力的题 型，学生普遍感到其难度较大 。下面谈一谈做好完形填空题的技巧和方法：一）、快速跳读全文，抓住大意首先快速跳读全文1-3遍，抓住全文的主旨，了解作者的态度、意图、褒 贬目的等，这是选择正确答案的先决条件。完形填空所用短文没有标题， 但一般首句是一个没有空白的完整的句子， 往往点 明短文的性质如议论、 说明或叙述等。 它能为我们预测短文的体裁与全文大意提 供重要信息。我们应学会跳过空格通读短文1-3遍， 抓住首句的信息，进而 捕捉全文中的关键词语，并特别注意那些表示因果、递进、转折、指代等意义的

2、连接词、副词、同位语，最后归纳出全文大意，掌握全文主旨。二）、浏览答案，明确要求在跳读全文、抓住大意之后，开始填空。此时应要求学生耐心观察，仔细揣 摩，理解已知信息的意义，理顺词句之间的逻辑关系、上下文的联系，推理判断 得出最佳选择。三）、避开疑点，先易后难掌握全文大意以后，可以以此为主线，对所给 A、B、C、D中的词语的确切 含义进行分析比较， 瞻前顾后， 仔细观察上下文中的暗示和含义。 然后运用逻辑 思维去推理判断选定答案。 填空过程应从易到难， 遇到少数疑难问题时不可徘徊 不前，那样会影响做题速度， 不如暂时绕开难点， 先去处理那些为上下文能确定 的直接的、明确的答案。一般固定词组、习惯

3、搭配、常见句型与明显的语法结构 等容易判断。四）、仔细斟酌，解决疑难走完两步，通读全文3遍，借助已补全的空白，对全文有较清楚的理解。接 着集中解决少数疑难问题。 先看看哪些词语的意义与本文意思不符， 然后再综合 运用词法、语法知识，仔细反复推敲，选出正确答案。 （五）、复读原文，验 证答案 完成了填空，不可孤立地去检查各个填空，还要再通读一遍全文，再检查一次， 看看选词是否得当，语法是否正确，文意是否贯通，逻辑推理是否合理。要求我 们从思想上重视这最后的弥补疏漏、改正错误的机会， 以争取好成绩。、例题分析Todd was working at his gas station at night

4、when he heard over the radio that a 1 in Long Island had been 2 by an armed man who had killed the night guard and got away with 150, 000. One hundred and fifty thousand,Todd whistled. Heres a fellow who just3into a bank and helps himself4so much money. Todd thought ofthe 5with which he managed to g

5、et the amount of money he6to start his gas station.So many papers to7, so much money topay back.The news 8twenty minutes later. The gunmanhad9 acar for a ride, and then 10 out the driver. He waspossibly 11 the Southern State Parkway in a white Ford. License plate（车牌） numberLJR 1939 The12of the annou

6、ncer continued;“ 13 outfor white cars. Dont pick up 14, and all you folks in gasstations better not do 15to a white Ford car.”Todd stood up and16to see out into the cold night. It wasdark but Todd17the Southern State Parkway was out there. Just18, Todd saw the headlights coming at him and a car pull

7、ed in for19 There it was, a white Ford. He saw the 20 , LJR1939 “What should I do? ”Todd had to make a qu ick 21 “Yes, sir? ”Todd22while making up his mind for sure.“ 23 her up, ”the man said sounding like any other24 When the tank was full, Todd quickly turned round and pointed a gun at the man.“Ha

8、nds up25 get out! ”1AstoreBbank CstationD house2Asearched for B held up C taken overD broken into3Awalks B looks C marches Ddrives 4AforBby Cto Dof5Asatisfaction B difficulty C disappointmentD spirit6AsavedBmade CofferedDneeded7AcollectB prove C signD write8AcontinuedB lasted C spreadD arrived9Aboug

9、htBborrowed C stolenD stopped11 A calling from B fleeing from C heading for D looking for12. A.newsB. warning C . adviceD. voice13. A.LookB . Run C. CallD . Set14. A.guests B. strangers C . prisonersD . passengers15. A.harmB . favor C . serviceD . business16. A.triedB . decided C . hopedD . happened

10、17. A.considered B . knew C. recognisedD . learnt18. A.thenB. there C . rightD. now19. A.directions B. repairs C . gasD . parking20. A.markB . number C. signD . name21. A.decisionB. call C . movementD . remark22. A.wonderedB. stopped C. waitedD . asked23. A.CoverB . Fill C . CheckD . Tie24. A.visito

11、r B .robber C . driverD.rider25. A.orB . and C. butD. to解析1. B从第三个空后面的 a bank 可知。2. D从后文 killed the night guard and got away with$ 150, 000可知,是闯入了银行 。3. A 从上文可知，持枪人闯入了银行，并拿走了钱，故排除B项。C项 是行军的意思 , 意思不符。从下文此人劫了一辆车 , 说明持枪人没开车来 , 故 排除 D 项。4. C help oneself to sth. 是惯用法。注意这里不是 自用（食物）等 ， 而是随便用 的意思。5. B 此时To

12、dd听到持枪人很容易就闯进银行，拿走了 $ 150, 000与自 己为了开这个加油站而筹钱的不容易形成了鲜明的对比。6D 从下文 So much money to pay back 可知, Todd 开加油站的钱是借 的,故排除A B、C项。因此,是他需要这笔钱。7. C papers在此指的是票据,故选C项。A项是搜集的意思。C、D两 项不符题意。8. A 从 twenty minutes later 可知 , 这新闻不是持续报导的 , 中间有间 断，故排除B项。C D项不符合原文。且第12个空后有continued 词也能暗 示考生。9. D 从下文把司机推出来 可知, 持枪人劫了一辆轿车

13、。10. D push the driver 意思是 把司机推出来 。11 . C head for 表示劫车以后 , 他可能 朝 the Southern State Parkway 方向开去 。12. D 从后面的 of the announcer 可知, 该句指播音员的声音继续着。13. A 从上文 , 持枪人劫的是白色的 Ford 车, 因此, 要留心注意白色的 轿车。14. B 广播号召听众和他们在加油站工作的亲属们不要接纳陌生人。 故排 除了 A、C、D项。15. C B、D项不符语法。A项不符原文。故D项的意思是不要给白色的 Ford 轿车加油 。16. A 从下文it was

14、dar k but可知,Todd尽力往外看,但是天黑。17. B A、C D项不符逻辑，因为Todd是本地人。他当然知道广播中所 说的 the Southern State Parkway 在哪里。18. A C项在此文中不符语法。D项不符逻辑。Todd看到一辆轿车行驶过 来，肯定行驶在the Southern State Parkway这个地方，故排除B项。因此Just then, 强调正当 Todd 往外看的时候 , 一辆轿车开过来了。19. C 该句意思是一辆轿车开进来加油。因为Todd所在的地方是加油 站，故选C项。20. B 由后面LJR1939提醒考生填number表示车牌号。21

15、. A 从上文What shall I do? 可知，Todd不得不尽快做出决定。22. D 从上文 Yes, sir? 先生, 什么事可知, Todd 在询问。23B 从下文 When the tank was full可知, fill her up的意思是 把这辆车加满油 。24C 该句意思为 那个人说起话来就像别的司机一样 。25B Todd 很快转身把枪对准了 the man, 并且命令 举起手来 , 下车。克隆大论战Before we assume that the market for humanclones consists mainly of narcissists who t

16、hink the world deserves more of them or neo-Nazis who dream of cloning Hitler or crackpots and mavericks and mischief-makers of all kinds, it is worth taking a tour of the marketplace. Wemight just meet ourselves there.All it took was that first headline about the astonishing ewe, and fertility expe

17、rts began to hear the questions every day. Our two-year-old daughter died in a car crash; we saved a lock of her hair in a babybook.Can you clone her? Why does the law allow people more freedom to destroy fetuses than to create them? My husband had cancer and is sterile. Can you help us?The inquirie

18、s are pouring in because some scientists are ever more willing to say yes, perhaps we can. Recent cover stories in Wired and the NewYork Times Magazine tracked the efforts of the Raelians, a religious group committed to, among other things, welcoming the first extraterrestrials when they appear. The

19、y intend to clone the cells of a dead 10-month-old boy whose devastated parents hope, in effect, to bring him back to life as a newborn. The Raelians say they have the lab and the scientists, and-most important, considering the amount of trial and error involved-they say they have 50 women lined up

20、to act as surrogates to carry a cloned baby to term.At that moment, at least two things will happen-one private, one public. The meaning of what it is to be human-which until nowhas involved, at the very least, the mysterious melding of two different peoples DNA-will shift forever, along with our un

21、derstanding of the relationship between parents and children, means and ends, ends and beginnings. And as a result, the conversation that has occupied scientists and ethicists for years, about how much man should mess with nature when it comes to reproduction, will drop onto every kitchen table, eve

22、ry pulpit, every politicians desk. Our fierce national debate over issues like abortion and euthanasia will seemtame and transparent compared with the questions that human cloning raises.The more scared people are of someof this research, scientists worry, the less likely they are to tolerate any of

23、 it. Yet variations on cloning technology are already used in biotechnology labs all across the country. It is these techniques that will allow, amongother things, the creationof cloned herds of sheep and cows that produce medicines in their milk.Researchers also hope that one day, the ability to cl

24、one adult humancells will make it possible to grow new hearts and livers and nerve cells.我们总是一相情愿地假定克隆人的市场主要由那些认为世界上应该多几个 自己的自大狂、梦想克隆希特勒的新纳粹或者是疯子、怪人、惹事鬼构成，但在 下这个结论之前， 我们很有必要先做一次克隆市场之旅。 也许在那里， 我们会发 现自己的身影。这一切都源于各大媒体对于那只惊人的母羊所进行的大肆报道和渲染， 于是 生育专家们开始日复一日地面对这些问题了：我们两岁的女儿在车祸中死去了， 我们在一本婴儿书里保留了她的一绺头发， 你能克隆她

25、吗？为什么法律允许人们 有堕胎的自由却不让他们创造一个生命？我丈夫患了癌症而且没有生育能力， 你 能帮助我们吗？这些询问铺天盖地而来，因为一些科学家们在面对这些问题时，更愿意说 是 ，或者我们能够 。最近的连线杂志和纽约时代杂志封面故事披露 了一个宗教团体 Raelians- 他们的诸多主张之一是欢迎第一个到达地球的外星 人的种种尝试，这个组织打算为一对伤心欲绝的夫妇克隆他们去世的10 个月大的婴儿的细胞，并最终使其获得新生。 Raelians 宣称他们有实验室和科学家， 并且 - 也是最重要的，考虑到试验的数量及可能发生的错误 - 他们称已经有 50 位妇女等着做 代理妈妈 ，让克隆宝宝在她

26、们的子宫内发育出生。到那时，至少会产生两方面的影响 - 一是在私人领域内， 一是在公众领域内。 人之所以为人的意义-至今为止它至少还要包括两个不同的人的 DNAtt秘合成 的过程 - 将会永远改变，同时，我们对于父与子、手段和目的、结果与开端之间 关系的理解也将永远改变。 结果会是：多年来科学家和伦理学家之间关于在繁殖 这一点上人类应该在多大程度上改变自然规律的争论， 将会活生生地出现在每一 个餐桌，每一个讲道坛，每一个政治家的桌子上。与克隆人所带来的问题相比， 我们国家关于堕胎和安乐死的最为激烈的论战都将变得平淡无味，容易解决。科学家们担心， 人们对于这种研究的某些内容越恐惧， 他们就越不能

27、容忍整 个研究。但是，国内所有的生物工艺学实验室都已经使用克隆技术的种种变体了。 正是这些技术使人们可以创造能产出药物奶的羊和牛。 研究人员也希望， 有一天 克隆成年人细胞的能力可以用来让人们 长出 新的心脏、肝脏和神经细胞。高中英语易混易错词汇总结（一）年级：高科目：英 语编稿： 李俊和 审稿：李俊和 责 编: 张 晓俊1. clothes, cloth, clothing clothes 统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数， cloth 指布，为不可数名词 clothing 服装的总称，指一件衣服用 a piece of, an article of2. incident, accident

28、incident 指小事件 , accident 指不幸的事故 He was killed in the accident.3. amount, numberamount 后接不可数名词， number 后接可数名词 a number of students4. family, house, homehouse 房子，住宅，family 家庭成员 . Myfamilyhome 家，包括住处和家人， is a happy one.5. sound, voice, noisesound 自然界各种各样的声音， voice 人的嗓音， noise 噪音 I hate the loud noise o

29、utside.6. photo, picture, drawingphoto 用照相机拍摄的照片， picture 可指相片，图片，电影片， drawing 画 的画 Lets go and see a good picture.7. vocabulary, wordvocabulary 词汇，一个人拥有的单词量， word 具体的单词 He has a large vocabulary.8. population, peoplepopulation 人口，人数， people 具体的人 China has a large population.9. weather, climateweath

30、er 一天内具体的天气状况， climate 长期的气候状况 The climate here is not good for you.10. road, street, path, wayroad 具体的公路，马路， street 街道， path 小路，小径， way 道路，途径 take this road; in the street, show me the way to the museum.11. course, subjectcourse 课程（可包括多门科目） ，subject 科目（具体的学科） a summercourse12. custom, habitcustom 传

31、统风俗，习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接 to do ， habit 生活习惯， 习惯成自然，后接 of doing. Ive got the habit of drinking a lot.13. cause, reasoncause 指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因，后接 of sth./doing sth ， reason 用来解释某种现象或结果的理由，后接 for sth./doing sth. the reason for being late14. exercise, exercises, practiceexercise 运动，锻炼（不可数）， exercises 练习（可数）， pra

32、ctice （反复 做的）练习 Practice makes perfect.15. class, lesson作课解时,两者可以替换.指课文用 lesson. 指班级或全体学生用 class. lesson 6; class 516. speech, talk, lecturespeech 指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说， talk 日常生活中的一 般的谈话，讲话，lecture 学术性的演讲，讲课 a series of lecture on 17. officer, officialofficer 部队的军官， official 政府官员 an army officer18.

33、work, job二者均指工作。 work 不可数， job 可数 a good job19. couple, paircouple 主要指人或动物， pair 多指由两部分组成的东西 a pair of trousers20. country, nation, state, landcountry 侧重指版图， 疆域， nation 指人民， 国民，民族， state 侧重指政府， 政体， land 国土，国家 The whole nation was sad at the news.21. cook, cookercook 厨师， cooker 厨具 He is a good cook.2

34、2. damage, damagesdamage不可数名词，损害，损失；damages复数形式，赔偿金$900 damages23. police, policemanpolice 警察的总称，后接复数谓语动词， policeman 指某个具体的警察 The police are questioning everyone in the house.24. problem, questionproblem 常和困难连系，前面的动词常为 think about, solve, raise ，question 常和疑问连系，多和 ask, answer 连用25. man, a manman人类，a

35、 man 个男人 Man will conquer nature.26. chick, chicken二者均可指小鸡， chicken 还可以当鸡肉 The chicken is delicious.27. telegram, telegraph当电报解时， telegram 指具体的， telegraph 指抽象的 a telegram, by telegraph28. trip, journey, travel, voyagetravel 是最常用的， trip 指短期的旅途， journey 指稍长的旅途， voyage 指 海上航行 a three-day trip29. sport,

36、 gamesport多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动，如打球，游泳，打猎，赛马等；game指决定胜负的游戏，通常有一套规则 His favorite sport is swimming.30. price, prizeprice 价格， prize 奖，奖品，奖金 win the first prize The price is high/low.31. a number of, the number ofa number of许多，谓语动词用复数。the number of的数目，谓语动词用 单数。 The number of students is increasing.32. in front

37、of, in the front ofin front of 范围外的前面， in the front of 范围内的前面 In the front of the room sits a boy.33. of the day, of a dayof the day每一天的，当时的，当代的，of a day暂时的，不长久的a famous scientist of the day34. three of us, the three of usthree of us 我们（不止三个）中的三个， the three of us 我们三个（就三 个人）The three of us-Tom, Jack

38、 and I went to the cinema.35. by bus, on the busby bus 表手段，方式，不用冠词， on the bus 表范围 They went there by bus.36. for a moment, for the momentfor a moment 片刻，一会丿L, for the moment暂时，一时 Thinking for a moment, he agreed.37. next year, the next yearnext year 将来时间状语， the next year 过去将来时间状语 He said he would g

39、o abroad the next year.38. more than a year, more than one yearmore than a year 一年多， more than one year 超过一年（两年或三年等）39. take advice, take the(ones) advicetake advice 征求意见， take the advice 接受忠告 He refused to take the advice and failed again.40. take air, take the airtake air 传播，走漏， take the air 到户外去，

40、散步 We take the air every day.41. in a word, in wordsin a word 总之，一句话， in words 口头上 In a word, you are right.42. in place of, in the place ofin place of 代替，in the place of 在地方 A new building is built in the place of the old one.43. in secret, in the secretin secret 秘密地，暗自地，偷偷地，一般用作状语； in the secret 知

41、道内 情，知道秘密， 一般用作表语 My mother was in the secret from the beginning.44. a girl, one girla girl 可泛指所有女孩 , one girl 一个女孩 Can one girl carry such a big box?45. take a chair, take the chairtake a chair 相当于 sit down 坐下， take the chair 开始开会46. go to sea, by sea, by the seago to sea 当海员，出航， by sea 乘船，由海路， by

42、the sea 在海边 go by sea47. the doctor and teacher, the doctor and the teacherthe doctor and teacher 指一个人，既是医生又是老师， the doctor and the teacher 两个人，一个医生和一个老师 the doctor and teacher is48. in office, in the officein office 在职的， in the office 在办公室里 He is in office, not out of office.49. in bed, on the bedi

43、n bed 卧在床上， on the bed 在床上 The book is on the bed. He is ill in bed.50. in charge of, in the charge ofin charge of 管理，负责照料， in the charge of 由照料 He is in charge of the matter. The matter is in the charge of her.51. in class, in the classin class 在课上， in the class 在班级里 He is the best student in the c

44、lass.52. on fire, on the fireon fire 着火,on the fire 在火上 Put the food on the fire. The house is on fire.53. out of question, out of the questionout of question 毫无疑问的， out of the question 不可能的54. a second, the seconda second 又一，再一，the second 第 He won the second prize.55. by day, by the dayby day 白天， b

45、y the day 按天计算 The workers are paid by the day.56. the people, a peoplethe people 指人， a people 指民族 The Chinese is a peace-loving people.57. it, oneit 同一物体， one 同类不同一 I lost my pen. I have to buy a new one.58. that, thisthat指代上文所提到的，this导出下文所要说的I was ill. Thats why 59. none, nothing, no onenone强调有多少，

46、nothing, no one强调有没有，nothing 指物，no one指人 - How many -/How much ? - None.60. anyone, any oneanyone指人，不能接 of， anyone 指人物均可，可接 of anyone of you61. who, whatwho指姓名或关系，what指职业或地位 What is your dad? He is a teacher.62. what, whichwhat 的选择基础是无限制的， which 在一定范围内进行选择 Which do you prefer, bananas or apples?63.

47、other, anotherother 后接名词复数， another 后接名词单数 other students, another student64. not a little, not a bitnot a little 非常， not a bit 一点也不 Im not a bit tired.我一点儿也 不累。65. many, much, a lot ofmany和可数名词连用，much和不可数名词连用，a lot of可数，不可数均可， 但不用于否定句 I havent many books.66. much more than, many more thanmuch moret

48、han 后接形容词或不可数名词，many morethan 后接可数名词many more people, much more water, much more beautiful67. no, notno=not a/any no friend=not a/any friend no water=not any water68. no more than, not more thanno more than 相当于 only ，仅仅，只有， not more than 至多，不超过69. majority, mostmajority 只能修饰可数名词， most 可数不可数均可 the ma

49、jority of people70. by oneself, for oneself, to oneself, of oneselfby oneself 单独的，独自的， for oneself 为自己， to oneself 供自己用的， of oneself 自行的，自动的 The door opened of itself.71. at all, after allat all 根本，全然 , after all 到底，毕竟 After all he is a child.72. tall, hightall 常指人或动物， high 常指物体 He is tall.73. fast,

50、 quicklyfast 侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点， quickly 侧重指某事完成或发 生的快 run fast, answer the question quickly74. high, highlyhigh 具体的高， highly 抽象的高，高度的 think highly of75. healthy, healthfulhealthy 健康的，健壮的， healthful 有益于健康的 healthful exercise76. sleeping, asleep, sleepysleeping 正在睡觉， asleep 睡着，熟睡，只能做表语， sleepy 困的，有睡意

51、 的 a sleeping baby The baby is asleep. Im sleepy.77. gold, goldengold 指真金制品， golden 指金色的，但金鱼用 gold fish a gold ring78. most, mostlymost用于表感受的肯定句中，相当于 very，当大部分，大多数解时是形容词 或名词，mostly 大部分,是畐寸词 most people, the people are mostly 79. just, veryjust 表强调时是畐词，作状语， very 表强调时是形容词，用作定语 the very man, just the m

52、an80. wide, broadwide 侧重于一边到另一边的距离， broad 侧重于幅面的宽广 broad shouldersHow the word Radar Was CoinedUnder proper conditions ，sound waves will be reflected from a hillside or other such obstruction Sound travels at the rate of about one-fifth of a mile per second If the hill is eleven hundred feet away，it

53、 takestwo seconds for the sound to travel to the hill and backThus， by timing the interval between a sound and its reflection （the echo），you can estimate the distance to an obstruction During World War n the British used a practicalapplicationof thisprinciple to detect Germanplanes on their way to b

54、ombLondon long before the enemywasnear the target They used radio waves instead of sound waves， since radio waves can penetrate fog and clouds The outnumbered Royal Air Force （RAF）always seemed to the puzzled Germansto be lying in wait at the right time and never to be surprisedIt was radio echoes more thananything else that won the Battle of BritainSince the radio waves were used to tell the direction in which to send the RAF planes and the distance to send