高考英语专题复习课件：完形填空(公开课)

1、高考完型填空专题讲座 技巧点拨为什么我们在这一题型上总是失分较多?1.1.没有严格遵循答题步骤没有严格遵循答题步骤: : 多数同学考试时担心时间紧多数同学考试时担心时间紧, ,在没有弄清在没有弄清短文的中心和文章的情节线索的情况下匆忙答题短文的中心和文章的情节线索的情况下匆忙答题. .事实上我们用在这一题上的时间可以达到事实上我们用在这一题上的时间可以达到15-1815-18分分钟钟. . 切记切记: :一定要用一定要用2-32-3分钟时间进行缺词阅读分钟时间进行缺词阅读, ,弄清弄清文章大意和基本脉络后再着手逐个填空文章大意和基本脉络后再着手逐个填空. .2. 2. 不注意积累答题技巧不注意

2、积累答题技巧: : a. a. 忽略文章中上下文之间的照应关系忽略文章中上下文之间的照应关系; ; b. b. 遇到长句不注意分析句子结构遇到长句不注意分析句子结构, ,在语义模糊在语义模糊时抱碰运气的心理随意作出选择时抱碰运气的心理随意作出选择. .模棱两可处和看不懂，该怎么办？ 似懂非懂，找寻答案就如大海掏针 从头到尾充满了暗示 猜也要猜得有理有据 命题是艺术，解题就是技术；命题是设计陷阱，技巧就是识破陷阱不看文章和题干，让你轻松选答案(民间药方）（2010辽宁卷） 36 A worried B sad C surprised D nervous 52 A Largely B Genera

3、lly C Gradually D Probably 47 As I found out , there is _46,often no perfect equivalence( ) between two _47 in two languages. My aunt even goes so far as to _48 that a Chinese equivalent can never give you the _49 meaning of a word in English! 47 A words B srill C ideas D characters词汇题词汇题高考完形高考完形 填空

4、考什么？填空考什么？篇章结构篇章结构 句际关系句际关系 题材常为说明文或题材常为说明文或夹叙夹议的文章夹叙夹议的文章. . 内容完整内容完整, ,逻辑性强逻辑性强, ,语言结构严谨语言结构严谨. . 考察近义词语细微差别的辨析考察近义词语细微差别的辨析. . 考察重点多为实词考察重点多为实词: :名名/ /代代/ /动词动词/ /形容形容/ /副副词等词等. . 关注语境背景知识关注语境背景知识, ,侧重上下关联侧重上下关联, ,暗示暗示判断能力判断能力. . 侧重于篇章侧重于篇章, ,体现语用判断和内在逻辑体现语用判断和内在逻辑. .完型填空特点完型填空特点: : 考纲解读考纲解读 完形填空

5、是一种综合测试，涉及的知识面很广，是用来测完形填空是一种综合测试，涉及的知识面很广，是用来测试考生的阅读理解能力和综合应用语言的能力。具体表现在以试考生的阅读理解能力和综合应用语言的能力。具体表现在以下几个方面：下几个方面：(1)词语辨析能力词语辨析能力(2)语法结构分析能力语法结构分析能力(3)语篇理解能力语篇理解能力(4)逻辑推理能力逻辑推理能力(5)文化背景透析能力文化背景透析能力(6)作者意图剖析能力作者意图剖析能力(7)生活常识综合运用能力生活常识综合运用能力解题方法：解题方法：(科学药方科学药方)总的原则总的原则: : “先完意，后完形先完意，后完形”。八字方针：八字方针：上下求索

6、，瞻前顾后。上下求索，瞻前顾后。三步曲：三步曲：读读填填读读 三步答题三步答题Step1Skip(跳读跳读) the passage to get the general idea and pay attention to the first sentence.In the cloze test, there is no blank in the first sentence ( (首句首句) ). . It helps us to know the topic of the whole passage. .( (完形填空首句不挖空，帮助进入语境）完形填空首句不挖空，帮助进入语境）Step2

7、Reread and choose the best answer for each blank by using some methods.(在把握语篇大意的基础上，借助于一些恰当在把握语篇大意的基础上，借助于一些恰当的方法选择最佳答案的方法选择最佳答案)Four methods(四种常用的方法四种常用的方法)：1、context (上下文语境上下文语境)2、word distinctions or collocations (词语辨析和固定搭配词语辨析和固定搭配)3、information given in the passage (利用文章中的信息利用文章中的信息-原词复现、近义词和原词

8、复现、近义词和反义词等反义词等)4、cultural background and common sense (文化背景和常识文化背景和常识)Step3 Read the passage again and check the answers.（将所选定的词放到文章中复读检查）（将所选定的词放到文章中复读检查） Tips:1. the tense and the voice，the accord between subject and predicate (时态语态，主谓语在上下文的中是否一致时态语态，主谓语在上下文的中是否一致)2. grammar and collocations (语法和

9、习惯用法的搭配在上下文中是否一致语法和习惯用法的搭配在上下文中是否一致)3. the connection between sentences and paragraphs (段与段，句与句之间的衔接是否连贯段与段，句与句之间的衔接是否连贯)4. the meaning of the whole passage (整体上检查结构、语义及逻辑是否一致，上下整体上检查结构、语义及逻辑是否一致，上下文的衔接是否合理文的衔接是否合理)完形填空完形填空 九大解题技巧九大解题技巧 I did very badly at school. My headmaster thought I was 36 and

10、when I was 14, he said, “Youre never going to be 37(anything) but a failure. ” 36.A. bright B. useless C. simple D. hopeful2. 根据上下文语境，合理推断来解题根据上下文语境，合理推断来解题Our father was a struggling 36(lawyer) , but I always knew he was 37 . He never criticized us, but used 38 to bring out our best. 37. A. strict

11、B. honest C. special D. learned 38. A. help B. peace C. smile D. praisePractice His big stomach has always ballooned out between his T-shirt and trousers. Although his family often 43 about that, Ed refused to buy a 44 T-shirt or to lose weight. 43. A. cared B. forgot C. quarreled D. joked 44. A. cl

12、ean B. straight C. larger D. darker常见的标志性的词语有以下几种常见的标志性的词语有以下几种:结构层次结构层次:firstly, secondly, thirdly；逻辑关系：逻辑关系：thus, therefore, so；递进关系：递进关系：besides, whats more, further;转折关系：转折关系：but, while, however等。等。3. 利用语篇的标志性的词语解题利用语篇的标志性的词语解题She told the front-desk clerk she had had a(n) _1_vacation, but was h

13、eart-broken about losing several rolls of Kodak color film she had not yet developed. 1.A. disappointing B. wonderful C. uncomfortable D. important_and the officers then began to eat their meal , saying that the mushrooms had a very strange_37_quite pleasant taste. 37. A. besides B. but C. and D. or

14、 4. 根据逻辑推理解题根据逻辑推理解题 Students generally appreciate these special 50 opportunities. They are almostalways fun and interesting, and professors 51 them too because students learn somuch in just a few short months. 50. A. working B. living C. teaching D. learning 51. A. hold B. like C. dislike D. discov

15、erPracticeThe amount of usable water has always been of great interest in the world. 36(Owning) springs and streams sometimes means control , particularly in the 37 areas like the desert. Adry Bdistant Cdeserted Dwild 5. 根据常识和文化背景的角度来选择根据常识和文化背景的角度来选择I went into a caf and asked for a coffee. 21 I wa

16、s waiting for my drink, I realized that there were other people in the place , but I sensed 22 (loneliness). ABefore BSince CAlthough DWhile6.从语法角度来解题从语法角度来解题1) He was only fourteen and was not good at swimming_1_.So he shouldnt have gone into that place. 1.A.after all B.in all C.at all D. for all2)

17、 So I tried hard with my writing and went to college . My first novel 45 while I was at college. 45. A. came on B. came in C. came out D. came back7.从词汇辨析和固定搭配方面来解题从词汇辨析和固定搭配方面来解题8.利用词汇的复现解题利用词汇的复现解题How does a tooth go bad? The 51 begins in a little crack in the enamel (珐琅）珐琅）covering of the tooth.

18、This happens after germs and bits of food have collected there. Then the decay slowly spreads inside the tooth. In the end, poison goes into blood, and we may feel quite ill. 51. A. destruction B. decay C. fault D. hurt上文中讲蛀牙如何产生。上文中讲蛀牙如何产生。 空空51和红体单词在和红体单词在意义上是一致的，意义上是一致的， 属于属于同义词复现现象同义词复现现象。.I rai

19、sed the pistol and fired. The animal fell backwards with an angry cry. Father took the _38_ smoking pistol from my hand , and fired another shot, which killed the gorilla.38. A. still B. yet C. even D. already9.利用语气副词的情景解题利用语气副词的情景解题summary研究首尾找主题上下联系寻信息左顾右盼找搭配思前想后觅逻辑语境分析辨词义集中精力破难题回读检查补漏洞完形填空之完形填空之

20、实战训练实战训练 （08江西）江西） The three youths leaned over the metal rails along the sea-wall and watched a few fishermen pull in their nets. About thirty metres away, a boat pulled alongside the slippery steps leading 36 to the sea. “Hey, look!” exclaimed Rahim. “Those two men are 37 heavy rocks. I thought we

21、 no longer do muscle labour in this technological 38 . ”“you dont 39 a crane (起重起重机机)to unload less than a dozen rocks, do you?”smiled Joshua. “But those men dont 40 to have muscles at all,”said Michael,rather surprised .Joshua smiled. “They are 41 laborers who know how to spread the weight of the r

22、ocks they 42 . See how the man positions the rock just at the slope of his 43 . 36. A. through B. across C. down D. up37.A.loading B.unloading C.covering D.uncovering 38. A. way B. revolution C. process D. era39. A. ask B. expect C. attempt D. hope40. A. happen B. fail C. have D. seem41. A.ambitious

23、 B. experienced C. potential D.energetic 42. A. take B. fetch C. carry D. bring43. A. shoulder B. back C. chest D. arms原词重现原词重现语境语境理解理解词义词义用法用法排除法排除法语境语境-词义词义词义辨析词义辨析常识常识 Some of the rocks weight is set 44 his head, some on the right hand and some on the left hand. His body isnt bent. His legs are w

24、ell 45 . ” “Youre right, Josh. He may have a small build. 46 he certainly well knows his job. Dear me! And to think we have been studying 47 ! ” Rahim thought about all that was happening. Suddenly, he said, “Technology wont 48 the human being completely, it appears.” “I dont think it will. ” 49 Jos

25、hua. “You can harvest a crop of potatoes or wheat with one of those large, multi-purpose tractors, but you 50 use that equipment to harvest lea leaves and tomatoes, will you?” 44.A. on B. against C.toward D. under 45.A.supported B.grasped C. placed D.strengthened 46.A. but B. however C. so D. theref

26、ore 47.A.chemistry B. physics C. biology D. psychology 48.A. control B.affect C.remove D. replace49.A. agreed B. proposed C. refused D. denied50.A. cant B. mustnt C. wont D. neednt常识常识 词义词义词义辨析词义辨析转折关系转折关系语境理解语境理解词义词义语境语境语境语境原词重现原词重现 “You can get a computer to 51 multiple-choice assessments, but you

27、 cannot get the computer to produce of assess essays, can you?” asked Michael. “Well, the washing machine leaves my shirt collar quite as 52 as ever - thats domestic technology for you! ” said Rahim. “One day, perhaps, there wont be anybody 53 who can carry a large rock the way those men do. Its not

28、 going to be a very 54 world, Im afraid.” Sighed Michael. “Youre too much of a pessimist (悲观主义者悲观主义者)，Mike.” Said Joshua. “ 55 will always be other things that will make the world exciting. ” 51. A. point out B. take out C. hand out D. print out 52. A. dirty B. clean C.old D. new 53. A. caught B. ar

29、ranged C. left D. convinced 54.A. exciting B. mysterious C. technological D. modern 55.A. That B. This C. They D.There常识常识常识常识-语境语境词义词义- -句型句型原原词词重重现现固定句型固定句型 Are dreams of any use tothe dreamer or to anybody else? We may remember the traveler who _1_ the ship Waratah at Durbanbecause of his terribl

30、e_2_. The Waratah laterdisappeared entirely, witheveryone on _3_. Thetravelers dreams helped him and saved him from _4_, but they didnthelp the other people. Whywas this man treated_5_ from everyone else? 1. A. leftB. got C. droveD. enter 2. A. ideas B. suggestions C. dreamsD. words 3. A. boardB. sh

31、ip C. seaD. deck 4. A. lifeB. death C. illnessD. disease 5. A. similarly B. differently C. strangely D. unfortunatelyleftboarddeathdifferentlydreams Another man _6_ hada dream about the BlackForest in Germany. In hisdream he was walking inthe forest _7_ two menran out and tried to throwhim to the _8

32、_. He ranoff as fast as he could, butthey followed. He reacheda place _9_ he saw two_10_ roads in front ofhim, one to the right andthe other to the left. Whichroad ought he to _11_ ? 6. A. aloneB. once C. stillD. even 7. A. whileB. as C. beforeD. when 8. A. floorB. earth C. soilD. ground 9. A. which

33、B. that C. whereD. who10. A. sameB. separate C. dividedD. crossed11. A. takeB. bring C. carryD. go句型下文有暗示宾语separatewheregroundwhenoncetakeProblem solving strategies上下文语境上下文语境（context)常识背景常识背景（common sense）习惯搭配习惯搭配（phrases & idioms）词义辨析词义辨析 （comparison）语法分析语法分析（grammar analysis)逻辑分析逻辑分析 (logical analysis )排除法排除法 （exclusive method ）灵活的解