动词时态和语态2

1、动动 词词 的的 时时 态态Requirements :1.掌握常见的几种时态的构成形式；2.掌握常见的几种时态的基本用法及与常与其搭配的时间状语；3.能灵活地根据语境判断并使用正确的时态。1. 1.一般现在时：一般现在时：does/do/am/is/aredoes/do/am/is/are2. 2.现在进行时：现在进行时：am/is/are doing am/is/are doing 3. 3.现在完成时：现在完成时：has/have done has/have done 4. 4.现在完成进行时：现在完成进行时：has/have been doinghas/have been doing5

2、. 5.一般将来时：一般将来时：will/shall dowill/shall do6. 6.将来完成时：将来完成时：will have donewill have done7. 7.将来进行时：将来进行时：will be doingwill be doing8. 8.一般过去时：一般过去时：did/was/weredid/was/were9. 9.过去进行时：过去进行时：was/were doingwas/were doing10.10.过去完成时：过去完成时：had donehad done11.11.过去将来时：过去将来时：would do would do 常见时态常见时态1. 一般现

3、在时用法一般现在时用法:1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用，如用，如: often/ usually, every, sometimes, on Sunday。2)表示不受时间限制的科学事实、客观真理及谚语格言。表示不受时间限制的科学事实、客观真理及谚语格言。 The earth moves around the sun.3) 表示按规定、计划安排好的将来必定会发生的动作或表示按规定、计划安排好的将来必定会发生的动作或存在的状态。如：存在的状态。如：The flight takes off at 2:00 p.m. Tomorr

4、ow is Sunday. 4) 条件状语从句、时间状语中用一般现在时表将来条件状语从句、时间状语中用一般现在时表将来 I usually get up at six in the morning.I will give it to him if he comes this afternoon. 2. 一般现在时的谓语动词形式一般现在时的谓语动词形式：1）. am; is ; are They are in the classroom.2）.动词原形 I often go to work by bus.3）.第三人称单数形式：-(e)s He goes to school on foot ev

5、ery day.动词第三人称单数形式构成 stay_, carry _, do _,watch_stayscarries does watches3. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：一般现在时的被动语态构成：am/is/are + 过去分词过去分词The factory produce 1000 machines every day. _.1000 machines are made by the factory every day.标志性时间状语：标志性时间状语：often, usually, always, every day, sometimes, on Sundays. I am a Se

6、nior 3 student now. The life in Senior 3 _ (be) much busier than before. All my classmates _ (work) very hard every day. To enter my dream university, I make good use of every minute to study and so _ (do) my best friend, Li Hua. We will have a math examination this afternoon. It _ (start) at 2:30.

7、However, Li Hua still _ (have) some problems to solve and Ive promised to help him.doesis workstarts has二、现在进行时二、现在进行时2. 用法：用法：1) 表示现在表示现在( 指说话时指说话时)正在发生的事情。正在发生的事情。 We are having English class now.2) 表示目前一段时间内正在进行的动作表示目前一段时间内正在进行的动作, 但说话时动作但说话时动作未必正在进行。未必正在进行。 She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.

8、1.谓语构成形式谓语构成形式: be (am, are, is)+ doing3) 进行时表将来，表示按计划即将发生的动作进行时表将来，表示按计划即将发生的动作,多用多用于表位置移动的动词于表位置移动的动词,如如: come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay. I m leaving for Changsha tomorrow. Are you staying here till next week?3. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：现在进行时的被动语态构成： am/is /are + being done They are building a bridge. _

9、.A bridge is being built by them.Practice1. Listen! Some of the girls _ about Harry Potter. Lets join them.(talk)2. Coffee is ready. How nice it _ ! Would you like some?（smell）3. Diane _ (wash)her hair every other day or so.4.I wrote to my friend last week. She hasnt answered my letter yet. I_ (wait

10、, still)for a reply.5. Do you have any problems if you _ this job? (offer)6. It _ (snow, not, often) in my country.7. The old _ (take) good care of in the center.8. A new house _ (build) at the corner of the road now. are talking smells washes am still waiting are offered doesnt often snow are taken

11、 is being built 三、一般过去时三、一般过去时1. 用法用法: 在过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。在过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。 标志性时间状语：标志性时间状语：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day , in 2015 等。等。2. 一般过去时的谓语动词形式一般过去时的谓语动词形式1). Was / were They were in the classroom when I went there2).动词过去式动词过去式 They went to surf the internet last night.动

12、词的一般过去式构成形式：动词的一般过去式构成形式：listen_ study _stay_ change _stop _come _. teach_ listened studied stayed changed stopped came taught Practice: I _ (spend) my childhood happily with my old friends. We always _ (play) football and basketball together and we _ (not have） so much homework to do as now. We _ (

13、be) happy at that time. spentplayed didnt havewere3. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：一般过去时的被动语态构成： was/ were + 过去分词过去分词He wrote a book last month.- _. A book was written by him last month.四、四、 过去进行时过去进行时1. 结构：结构：was/ were + doing2. 用法用法:表示过去某时或某段时间正在进行的动作或状表示过去某时或某段时间正在进行的动作或状态。态。常用的时间状语常用的时间状语: at ten yesterday, from

14、 nine to ten last night, when, while I was doing my homework at ten last night. He was working in his garden when I visited him yesterday . 过去进行时被动语态构成：过去进行时被动语态构成：was/were +being done.At that time ,they were building a bridge. _. A bridge was being built (by them) at that time. Practice:1. I_ (call

15、) Roger last night, but he_ (be, not) at home. He _ (study) at the library.2.My brother and sister_ (argue)about something when I_ (walk)into the room.3 .Shirley _ (write) a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it.4.I first met Lisa three years ago. She _ (work) at a r

16、adio shop at that time. 5. Lots of soldiers _( send) to rescue the people trapped in the flood yesterday. 7.He _ (break )his leg when he _ ( play) in a football match against another schoo18. Last year, when I passed here, the library _. ( build) called wasnt was studying were arguing walked was wri

17、ting was working were sent broke was playing was being built 五、一般将来时五、一般将来时1) 表示未来的动作或状态常用（常与表示将来的时间状表示未来的动作或状态常用（常与表示将来的时间状语连用如语连用如tomorrow、next week等）等） 构成形式：构成形式： will / shall + 动词原形。动词原形。2) 表示趋向行为的动词如表示趋向行为的动词如come、go、start、begin、leave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。 I am going shopping tomorrow

18、.一般将来时被动语态构成：一般将来时被动语态构成：will/shall be +过去分词过去分词They will build a new library here.-_ A new library will be built here.六、过去将来时六、过去将来时1. 用法用法: 过去将来时表示立足于过去某一时间看将要发过去将来时表示立足于过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态生的动作或存在的状态, 常用于宾语从句中常用于宾语从句中.2.结构结构: should / would+动词原形动词原形The boy promised he _ (work) hard.I told my pare

19、nts I _ (return) early.would work would return 过去将来时的被动语态构成：过去将来时的被动语态构成：would be done.He said they would build another library here._He said another library would be built here 7. 将来进行时将来进行时1). 将来某时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作。2) 构成：构成： 主语主语+ will be doing3) 常用的时间状语常用的时间状语 Soon, tomorrow, this evening， by this t

20、ime tomorrow 等等By this time tomorrow, Ill be lying on the beach.I will be watching TV at six this evening.Practice1. We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _ (leave) office soon.2. - Youve left the light on. - Oh, so I have. I _(go) and turn it off.3. By five oclock this afternoon, I _(

21、watch) a football match.4. Hundreds of jobs _(lose) if the factory closes. 5. A talk on Chinese history _ (give) in the school hall next week.6. If their marketing plans succeed, they _ (increase) their sales by 20 percent. would leave will go will be watching will be lost will be given will increas

22、e 七、七、 现在完成时现在完成时1. 结构结构: have (has) +过去分词过去分词2.用法用法: 1) 现在完成时表示过去某一时间开始，一直延现在完成时表示过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态续到现在的动作或状态, 通常用于延续性动词。通常用于延续性动词。常与表常与表示延续性的时间状语连用示延续性的时间状语连用, 如如: so far, up to now, recently, in the past 6 years, since, for 等。等。 I have lived in Zhuhai for 3 years.2)表示发生在过去的某一动作表示发生在过去的某一动作对现

23、在造成的影响或结果对现在造成的影响或结果,常用的时间状语有常用的时间状语有: just ,already, yet, ever, never, once等。等。 We have finished our lunch already. Have you ever tried this method?8.现在完成时现在完成时谓语动词形式：have/ has + 过去分词过去分词 1.表示动作或状态开始于过去，一直延续到现在，可能继续发展，也可能刚刚结束。He has been in the army for ten years.I have studied English since 20042.

24、 表示动作或状态到说话时已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在的影响。 He has gone to Shanghai.He has been to Beijing.标志性时间状语： since two years ago/ 从句从句, for+ 段时间段时间, in the past few years, so far, up till now, all ones life. 注意：终止性动词不能与段时间连用注意：终止性动词不能与段时间连用。现在完成时的特殊句型现在完成时的特殊句型 1）It is the first / second time. that结构中的结构中的从句部分从句部分，用现在完成

25、时。用现在完成时。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. It was the third time that the boy had been late. 注意比较注意比较 Its time that 结构：结构： It is high time that we went to school.2）This is the that结构，结构，that 从句从句要用现在完成时要用现在完成时. This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen. This is the most interestin

26、g book that I have read.现在完成时被动语态构成：现在完成时被动语态构成：have/has been doneThey have already built a new library A new library has already been built (by them ).八、过去完成时八、过去完成时 1.结构结构: had + 过去分词过去分词2. 用法：用法： 1）表示某事持续到将来某一时为止的动作。）表示某事持续到将来某一时为止的动作。 2） 表示将来某一时间或另一个将来的动作之前，表示将来某一时间或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作。已经完成的动作。Wh

27、en the police arrived, the thieves _ (run away).When I came into the classroom, my dear students _ (begin) reading. had run awayhad begun过去完成时被动语态构成：过去完成时被动语态构成：had been doneExercises1. I usually _ up at 6:00, but yesterday I _ up at 7:00 and tomorrow I _ up at 6:30. (get)2. Listen! Someone _ (knock

28、) at the door.3. I _ (be) in Beijing for two years.4. How often _ Andy _ (surf) the internet?5. He fell asleep while he _ (read) a book.getwill getgotis knocking have been doessurfwas reading6. I _ never _ (hear) of that man before.7. My brother often _ (go) for walks last summer.8. Lily said she _

29、(put) on the new dress the next day.9. _ the story _ (happen) in London in 1949?10. What _ his mother _ (do) when he opened the door?haveheardwentwould Did happenwasdoing11. If it _ (not rain) tomorrow, they _ (go) fishing. 12. _ your mother _ the piano every Sunday?13. They _ (not) call you the day

30、 after tomorrow.14. Tom _ (work) there since two years ago.15. By the time I _ (walk) into the classroom, the teacher _ (start) teaching. doesnt rainwill go Does has workedwont walkedhad startedplay 一般现在时一般现在时: 一般过去时一般过去时:一般将来时一般将来时:过去将来时过去将来时:现在进行时现在进行时:过去进行时过去进行时:现在完成时现在完成时:过去完成时过去完成时:情态动词：情态动词：do

31、/doesare/is donedidwas/were done will dowill be doneam/is/are doingam/is/are being donewas/were doingwas/were being donehas/have donehave/has been donehad donehad been done 被动语态被动语态 构成构成would do would be donecan do can be doneFill in the blanks with the right form of the words given:1. I _(give) a n

32、ew book by my father on my last birthday.2. English _(find) very useful.3. The work _(finish) tomorrow.4. The flowers _(water) by them now.5. The railway _ (build) this time last year.was given is foundwill be finished are being wateredwas being built6.The new highway _ already _ (build).7.The new r

33、ailway _ (build) by the end of last year.8.He told me the sports meeting _ (hold) the next month.9. Now the scientists _ (develop) a new kind of robot that can do housework instead of human beings.10.Our classroom must_( clean) every day.has been builthad been builtwould be held are developing be cl

34、eaned Jenny _ (be) a foreign girl. She _ (come) from the United States. Look, she _ (draw) pictures in the living room. Two years ago, her parents _ (move) to China. Jenny _ (not have) any friends, so she _ (feel) lonely. But now, she _ (have) many Chinese friends and _ (study) with them everyday. Jenny _ (visit) her grandparents in the United States next month.iscomesis