engine lathe

1、Lesson 2Engine LatheThe lathe is a machine that remove material by rotating the work against a cutter.车床是一种刀具移动而工件转动来切除材料的机床Parts to be machined can be held between centers, attached to a face plate, supporetd in a jaw chuck ,or held in a draw-in chuck or collet.要加工的零件固定在端面的顶尖上，由齿爪卡盘支撑，或者由内拉卡盘或筒夹（弹性

2、套筒)固定。Though this machine is particularly adapted to cylindrical work, it may also be used for many other purposes.虽然它特别适于加工回转类工件，但它也有很多其它用途plain surfaces can be obtained by supporting the work on a face plate or in a chuck.将工件夹持在花盘或者卡盘上能加工普通表面Work held in this manner can likewise be cantered, drill

3、ed, bored, or reamed.用这种方法夹持也能打中心孔、钻孔、扩孔或者铰孔In addition, the lathe can be used for cutting thread and turning tapers; with the proper attachment, it can be adapted to simple milling or grinding operations.另外，车床可用于切削螺纹和车削锥度；采用适当的附件，它可进行简单的铣削或磨削操作。It is probably the oldest of all the machine tools as

4、well as the most important machine in modern production .它可能是最古老也是在现代生产中最重要的机器了。Principal Parts of an Engine Lathe“床身”是车床上的一个水平构件，也是主要铸件。The main casting of an engine lathe is a horizontal member called a bed.BedPlaned surfaces on top of the bed, called ways or vees, align the headstock and tailstoc

5、k and guide the carriage so that it moves longitudinally parallel to the axis of the machine.床身上被刨光的上表面，叫做导轨，它与主轴箱及尾座在一条直线上，且能引导溜板箱平行于机床轴线做纵向运动。Legs under the bed raise it so that the top is at a convenient working height above the floor.床身下的床腿支撑它并使它处在一个高于地面且方便工作的高度A chip pan under the bed collects

6、chips and cutting fluid when one is used.床身下的承屑盘可用来收集铁屑和切削液headstockThe headstock of a lathe is a subassembly that is mounted on the inner ways at the left end of bed.车床主轴箱是一个装在床身最左端内导轨上的部件On a geared-head lathe, the headstock casting supports shafts and encloses a train of gears that rotate the hea

7、dstock spindle at rpm which are suited to the operating conditions of the different jobs routed to the machine.在全齿轮车床中，主轴箱是用来支撑主轴和封装调整主轴转速确定传递路线的动力齿轮的Levers in the front of the headstock casting are employed to shift the gears into trains that will give the cutting speeds required.主轴箱前方的控制杆是用来切换齿轮改变

8、传递路线来得到所需要的切削速度The headstock or live spindle is the final shaft in the power transmission system. It support and rotates workpieces about the axis of the lathe, that is, about the horizontal line, which is fixed by the center line of the headstock spindle.主轴是动力传输系统的终端。它用于夹持工件且使其固定在主轴的中心线上并驱动工件旋转。The

9、 headstock spindle is hollow give it stiffness, and the holes tapered at the nose end to receive the headstock or live center.主轴箱内的主轴是空心的是为了提高它的刚度，它末端的带有锥度的孔是用来安装头架或活顶尖的。The outside of the spindle nose is finished to a standard shape and size to receive the faceplates and chuck that are used to hold

10、 and drive workpieces.主轴轴端的端面被加工成标准形状和尺寸，用来连接支撑和驱动工件的花盘和卡盘。TailstockThe tailstock is a subassembly that is mounted on the inner ways, at the right end of bed, to align it with the headstock.尾座是一个安装在床身右端内导轨的部件，且与主轴箱对齐It is adjustable on the bed longitudinally so that it may be positioned wherever nee

11、ded to support workpieces that are held on centers and to hold twist drills, reamers, and other tools that may be used to perform operations on jobs that are held with a chuck or on the large faceplate.它可以沿着床身导轨进行纵向移动，并可以固定在因装夹工件所需要的任意位置。把顶尖安装在尾架上可以支撑工件，或者是工件用卡盘或大花盘装夹，把麻花钻、铰刀或者其它刀具装在尾架上可以对工件进行加工。 Th

12、e tailstock spindle is a hollow shaft is mounted in the tailstock body. The left end of the hole is tapered to hold dead center on the tailstock to hold twist drills, etc., for doing work as mentioned above.尾架主轴是空心轴，位于尾架体内。孔的左端是圆锥面，可以安装死顶尖或麻花钻等，完成前述的工作。The tailstock is made of two principal castings

13、a base and a body. The construction is such that the body may be adjusted transversely on the base to offset the tailstock center with respect to the lathes axis to perform taper-turning operations on workpieces, which are held centers.尾架由两大部分铸件组成基座和尾架体。此种构造形式可以使尾架体相对于基座进行横向调整，使得尾架中心线相对车床轴线偏移（一定角度），这样就可以完成用双顶尖装夹的具有回转圆锥面工件的加工。CarriageThe lathes carriage is a subassembly that is mounted on the outer ways of the machine between the headstock and tailstock.车床的拖板是安装在机床主轴箱和尾座之间外导轨上的一个部件。Its function is to hol