培训讲义—语音

1、五星小学英语骨干教师语音口语培训讲义一、语音部分（一）小学英语语音教学的意义 作为交际工具的语言首先是有声语言，文字只不过是有声语言的记录符合，语音作为语言存在的物质基础，不仅是语言的本质，也是语言教学的基础。英语语音好的学生，能利用单词的拼写规律识记单词，听说读写的能力就强。学习语音主要靠教师的示范和学生的模仿。教师示范，应注意以下几点：1、口型准确，发音清楚准确，语调基本合乎标准。2、原则上是由教师承担，也可利用电教设备、直观发音口型图、模型等，教学中也可指定发音标准的学生示范。3、示范时教师是“组织者”、“示范表演者”，让学生做到听得清，看得见，仿得像，要做必要的讲解，讲解做到适时、适量

2、、适度，具体简单明了。（二）小学英语语音培训项目（自英语课程标准（实验稿）2001）1、基本读音（1）26个字母读音（2）元音字母在重读音节中的读音: a e i(y) o u（3）常见的元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音eg: ee ea oi oy ie ei ay er eau etc.（4）常见的辅音字母（组合）的读音eg: th tch ch sh ph gh etc.（5）辅音连缀的读音和浊化eg: bl cl gl fl pl sl br cr sk sm sp st str spl spr scr pr qu etc.(6)成节音的读音eg：ble ple cle gle dle

3、tle sin sin ften ven etc.(7)后缀变异eg：house houses saysays mouthmouths breathebreath etc.(8)读音与语法的联系：a.名词复数受读音的影响eg: 清辅音字母结尾的名词加后缀后读【s】，元音字母和浊辅音字母结尾的名词加后缀后读【z】; 动词过去时和过去分词加ed读音，清辅音结尾单词后ed读【t】, 浊辅音和元音结尾的后读【d】。b.重读闭音节形容词和动词词形变化的特殊性：条件是重读闭音节结尾只有一个辅音字母hothotter bigbigger wetwetter etc.shopshoppingshopped s

4、topstoppingstopped etc.c.元音音素开头的名词前不定冠词应为an而不是a,弱用冠词the应读作i2、重音 （1）单词重读音节：重音符号-音标里音节左上方的小竖线 （2）单词在句子中的重读 实词重读（副词重读），虚词轻读(冠词，单音节介词，单音节连词，人称代词，反代词，物主代词，关系代词，相互代词，助动词，情态动词和系动词be 。例外情况：a. 实词不重读的特殊情况a) 实词第二次出现 he thinks of that as a child thinks.b) 一个名词被第二个名词修饰 i met her in the railway station.c) 代替词 whi

5、ch book do you want? the small one.d) 感叹词中的 what 和how what a good day it is! how beautiful she is!e) street 在专有名词中 wangfujing street.f)this在这些短语中，this morning/afternoon/eveningb.虚词重读的特殊情况a) 情态动词，助动词和系动词be在句首，句尾和否定时。do you like it? yes, i do. are you a doctor? yes, i am. can you help me? yes, i can.

6、i dont like you. he isnt a worker.b) 介词在句首和句尾。in the box, he found a letter. he is the person i talked with.c) 引导复合句的连词在句首。if you wish, ill visit you. when he comes, ill tell him.d)反身代词表示强调。he couldnt come himself.3、意群的读音a. 连读连读的条件：相邻的两词在意义上必须密切相关，同属一个意群。连读所构成的音节一般都不重读，只需顺其自然地一带而过，不可读得太重。(连读符号：)(1)“

7、辅音+元音”型连读在同一个意群里，如果相邻两词中的前一个词是以辅音结尾，后一个词是以元音开头，这就要将辅音与元音拼起来连读。imanenglish boy.itisanold book.let me havea lookatit.i calledyou halfanhourago.putiton, please.notatall.please pickitup.(2)“r/re+元音”型连读如果前一个词是以-r或者-re结尾，后一个词是以元音开头，这时的r或re不但要发/r/，而且还要与后面的元音拼起来连读。thereis a football underit.thereare some bo

8、oks on the desk.whereare your brotherand sister?但是，如果一个音节的前后都有字母r，即使后面的词以元音开头，也不能连读。the black clouds are coming nearer and nearer.（nearer与and不可连读）(3)“辅音+半元音”型连读英语语音中的/j/和/w/是半元音，如果前一个词是以辅音结尾，后一个词是以半元音，特别是/j/开头，此时也要连读即“音的同化”。thankyou.nice to meetyou.didyou get there lateagain?wouldyou likea cupof tea

9、？couldyou help me, please? (4)“元音+元音”型连读如果前一个词以元音结尾，后一个词以元音开头，这两个音往往也要自然而不间断地连读到一起。iam chinese.she cant carryit.itll take you threehours to walk there.the question is tooeasy for him to answer.(5)当短语或从句之间按意群进行停顿时，意群与意群之间即使有两个相邻的辅音与元音出现，也不可连读。isit ahat or a cat?（hat与or之间不可以连读）thereisa good book in my

10、 desk. （book与in之间不可以连读）can you speakenglish or french? （english与or之间不可以连读）she opened the door and walkedin. （door与and之间不可以连读）b. 失去爆破: 英语里6个爆破音有3对/p/，/b/，/t/，/d/，/k/，/g/失去爆破，又叫不完全爆破，就是在某些情况（后面紧跟辅音因素）下，只须做出发音的准备（口型），但并不发音，稍稍停顿后就发后面的音。the girl in the re(d) coat was on a bla(ck) bike jus(t) now.the bi(g

11、) bus from the fa tory is full of people.wha(t) time does he get up every morning?this is an ol(d) piture of a bi(g) car.i bought a chea(p) book, but its a goo(d) book.wha(t) time does he get up every morning?the ol(d) dotor has a ca(t), too.goo(d) morning, mr. bell.4、 语调：最基本的是升调和降调（1）升调 常用来表示不肯定，语意

12、未完，或表示礼貌，常有含蓄、委婉、安慰、虚心征求意见等意味。升调的用法可归纳为以下五种情况：一般疑问句通常用升调。is he making a kite?are they cleaning the classroom?数数、列举事物或列举一连串的动作时，除最后那个并列成分用降调外，前面所有的并列成分都要用升调lets count our new books. one, two, three, four, five. oh, we have five new books.wed like a bottle of coke, two bottles of apple juice, a hambur

13、ger and two cakes.选择疑问句的语调分为两个部分，or前的部分用升调，or后的部分用降调，记成“前升后降”。is her answer right or wrong?were they in the high jump or the long jump?反意疑问句的语调也得分两种情况：若说话者对所陈述的内容没有把握，想询问对方这一内容是否正确，则陈述句部分用降调，简略问句用升调；若说话者对所陈述的内容已经很有把握，只是想要对方同意自己的观点，或是想从对方那里得到证实，则前后两部分都用降调。-your uncle is tall, isnt he? -no, hes very s

14、hort.you like apples, dont you?he went to london with his family, didnt he?- you wont go there tomorrow, will you? - yes, i will.含状语从句的复合句的语调也要分两种情况：若主句在前，从句在后，主句结束时意思已比较完整，则通常用降调，整个句子读完时也应该用降调；但是，若从句在前，主句在后，则常常是“前升后降”。i was drawing a picture when my mother came back.when she got to the station, the

15、 train had already left.（2）降调 在英语句子中，降调的使用比升调更为广泛，它表示肯定、决断、坚决或终结，但有时含有生硬、不容质疑的意味。降调的用法可归纳为以下七种：陈述句用降调：( - 2009学年度眉县小学英语教师语音口语培训讲义_无言的歌_新浪博客 lucy is cleaning her bedroom.mary wrote a letter to her friend last night.特殊疑问句也用降调：whose is this coat?how long have you been at this school?表示命令的祈使句也常用降调：david

16、, open the door.dont throw it on the floor.问候用语常用降调，以示真诚：good morning.how are you?感谢用语也常用降调，以表示诚挚的谢意：thanks a lot.thank you very much.感叹句用降调：what a lovely day!what a terrible day i spent today!how hard all the workers are working!在并列句中，并列连词and, but, or等的前后两上分句都用降调：we come to school by bus and he com

17、es by bike.she likes english, but she needs help.（三）语音练习 practicea. 单词读音练习单词辨音:找出划线部分发音不同的一项1.a.candle b.panda c.danger d.apple2.a.havest b.empty c.medicine d.sentence3.a.ride b.fridge c.twice d.smile4.a.doll b.operate c.pocket d.potato5.a.luck b.jump c.rush d.business6.a.season b.feather c.pleasure

18、 d.instead7.a.shout b.mountain c.double d.loudly8.a.choose b.cool c.noodle d.goodbye9.a.lunch b.chalk c.christmas d.march10.a.climbed b.pushed c.joined d.pulled11.a.paid b.said c.afraid d.rain12.a.break b.breakfast c.bread d.dead13.a.talk b.walk c.chalk d.salt14.a.speak b.real c.seat d.easy15.a.star

19、t b.warm c.harvest d.pardon16.a.touch b.round c.loud d.shout17.a.enough b.laugh c.daughter d. cough18.a.this b.both c.thought d.through19.a.hear b.near c.early d.dear20.a.while b.whom c.when d.white21.a.lie b.die c.quiet d.tie22.a.change b.exam c.famous d.strange23.a.eleven b.retell c.eve d.relay24.

20、a.mirror b.history c.bridge d.beautiful25.a.smoke b.chose c.none d.motor26.a.push b.luck c.sugar d.pull27.a.horse b.order c.corner d.worse28.a. thin b.fine c.uncle d.nine29.a.english b.song c.strong d.sing30.a.orange b.geography c.green d.energyb句子朗读练习：1、 句子重读：试读下面的句子：1） we went to the summer palace

21、 last sunday.2） i am very glad to meet you.3）a good husband makes a good wife.4) he is a young man.5) he will return home in two years6) i beg your pardon.8) a pen and a pencil9) the star and the moon10) east and west home is the best.11) when in rome, do as the romans do.12) a mothers love never ch

22、anges13) blood will have blood.14) life is not fair, get used to it.15) activity is the only road to knowledge .2. 连读practice1、注意正确地读出不完全的爆破音：1) do you want to read this book?2) he wont be back until next saturday.3) i dont know if im allowed to stay here till next monday.4) dont put the hot dog in

23、the soap box.5）will you please wait for a moment?6）there is an apple tree in front of the house.7）put on your glasses.8） he has a great deal of translation to do.c 语调练习did you have a good time at the party?have you been to the great wall yet?take a seat. dont go back.excuse me one moment. ring me up

24、 at eleven.you are quite right.i hope you will come again. i am sorrywe love our great motherland.what time is it now?what are you going to do this sunday?how have you been getting along?what a hot day!how fast he runs!what a beautiful garden it is!how i wish i hadnt wasted those hours and days!d. 意

25、群及停顿 (/ 表示停顿)1）先升后降do you prefer tea/or coffee?is he still here/ or has he gone home already?at ten oclock in the morning /the parade began.if we work harder, /we shall be able to fulfill the plan ahead of time.one, /two,/ three/ and foura chair,/ a table, /a bed/and a desk2) 先降后升（先升后降)you bought a

26、new watch yesterday, /didnt you?he doesnt come here for lunch, / does he?it is a fine day, /isnt it?二、 口语部分（一）classroom english英语课堂用语 用英语组织教学是英语课堂教学原则之一,也是加大学生语言输入量很有效的渠道之一,小学英语教师必须掌握基本的课堂用语,现将课堂用语分类介绍给广大小学英语教师,建议大家熟记以下用语,并在课堂上得体灵活地运用。 课堂教学用语（中华人民共和国教育部）1上课（beginning a class）（1）lets start nowlets be

27、gin our classlesson（2）stand up，please （3）sit down，pease2问候（greetings）（4）hello，boys and girlschildren（5）good morning，classeveryoneeverybodychildrenboys and girls（6）good afternoon，classeveryoneeverybodychildrenboys and girls （7）how are you today？3考勤（checking attendance） （8）whos on duty today？whos help

28、ing this morningtoday？ （9）is everyoneeverybody herepresent？ （10）is anyone away？is anybody away？ （11）is anyone absent？is anybody absent？ （12）whos absent？whos away？ （13）where is heshe？ （14）try to be on timedont be late next time （15）go back to your seat，please （16）what day is it today？ （17）whats the d

29、ate today？（18）whats the weather like today？ （19）whats it like outside？4宣布（announcing） （20）lets start workinglets beginstart a new lesson lets beginstart our lesson （21）first，lets reviewdo some review （22）what did we learn in the last lesson？ （23）who can tellremember what we did in the last lesson ye

30、sterday？ （24）now were going to do something newdifferentnow lets learn something new（25）we have some new wordssentences5提起注意（directing attention） （26）ready？are you ready？ （27）did you get there？do you understand？ （28）is that clear？（29）any volunteers？ （30）do you know what to do？ （31）be quiet，pleasequi

31、et，please （32）listen，please（33）listen carefully，please （34）listen to the tape recorderthe recording（35）look carefully，please （36）look (over) here （37）watch carefully （38）are you watching？ （39）please look at the black-boardpicturemap （40）pay attention to your spellingpronunciation6课堂活动（classroom acti

32、vities） （41）start！start now （42）everybody togetherall together （43）practise in a grouppractise in groupsin groups，please （44）get into groups of threefour （45）everybody finds a partnerfriend（46）in pairs，please（47）one at a timelets do it one by one/in turn （48）now you，pleaseyour turn（students name）（49

33、）next，pleasenow you do the same，please （50）lets actlets act outdo the dialogue （51）who wants to be a？（52）practise the dialogue，please （53）now tom will be a，and the other half will be b （54）please take（play）the part of（55）whose turn is it？ （56）its your turn. （57）wait for your turn，please （58）stand in

34、 lineline up （59）one by oneone at a time，please （60）in twosin pairs（61）dont speak out（62）turn around7请求（request） （63）could you please try it again？ （64）could you please try the next one？（65）will you please help me？8鼓励（encouraging） （66）can you try？ （67）try，please （68）try your bestdo your best （69）thi

35、nk hard / it over and try again （70）dont be afraidshy9指令（issuing a command）（71）sayread after me，please（72）follow me，please（73）do as i do/what i do（74）repeat，pleaseread/ say/ after me （75）once more，pleaseone more time，please/ (once) again, please. （76）come here，please/come over, please. （77）please co

36、me to the frontcome up and write on the blackboardchalkboard （78）come and write it on the blackboard （79）please go back to your seat （80）in english，please （81）put your hand up，pleaseraise your hand，please （82）put your hands down，pleasehands down，please （83）say itwrite it in chineseenglish （84）please

37、 take out your books （85）please open your books at pagefind pageturn to page（86）please answer the questionquestionsplease answer my questions. （87）please read this letterwordsentence out loudplease read out this letterwordsentence （88）please stop nowstop now，pleasestop here，please （89）clean up your

38、deskthe classroom，please （90）its cleanup timetidy up your deskthe classroom待添加的隐藏文字内容1 （91）put your things awayclean off your deskpick up the scraps(pieces). （92）clean the blackboard （93）plug in (接通)the taperecorder，please （94）put the taperecorder away （95）put the tape in its boxcassette （96）listen

39、and repeat （97）look and listen （98）repeat after me （99）follow the words （100）fastquickly！be quick，please来源：( - 眉县小学英语教师语音口语培训_无言的歌_新浪博客 （101）hurry！hurry up，please （102）slow down，please. （103）slowly （104）bring me some chalk，please10禁止和警告（prohibition and warning）（105）stop talkingstop talking now，pleas

40、e（106）dont talkeverybody quiet，please （107）dont be silly （108）settle down11评价）（appraisal） （109）good，thank you （110）goodvery goodgod jobgood workgood example （111）a good answernice work （112）excellentgreat！well donevery goodi like the way you （113）thats interesting！ （114）dont worry about itno problem

41、 （115）ok！thats ok （116）i dont think so （117）thats not quite right，any other answers？thats close thats almost right（118）not quite，can anyone help himher？try again（119）a good try12布置作业（setting homework）（120）for todays homework（121）practise after classpractise at home（122）say it out loud，before you wri

42、te it down（123）copyprintwrite each word twice（124）remember（memorize）these wordssentences（125）learn these wordsthese sentencesthis text by heart（126）do your homeworkdo the next lessondo the new work13下课（dismissing the class） （127）hand in your workbooks，please （128）time is up （129）the bell is ringing

43、（130）theres the bell （131）there goes the bell （132）lets stop here（133）thats all for today （134）class is over （135）good byebyesee you next time/tomorrow.（二）话题讲述范例 model topics1、my family/ school/ class / hometown/ friend/ english teacher/ favourite season / sports / food / colour / place / ideal job/

44、 future2、i like english / singging / sports / playing basketball3、this is my father / friend / school / hometown / room / house/ toy bear / computer/ 4、what are they doing?5、i had a busy / happy / sad / dull / day / time / evening / dream / holiday / christmas / childrens day6、i need your help. / i

45、have a problem. 7、lets do sth.8、how i miss you! 9、the person i admire/ respect/ miss.10、talk about a holidaysamples self introduction sample 1my name is . there are people in my family. my father is a chemistry teacher. he teaches chemistry in senior high school. my mother is an english teacher. she

46、 teaches english in the university. i have a younger brother, he is a junior high school student and is preparing for the entrance exam.i like to read english story books in my free time. sometimes i surf the internet and download the e- books to read. reading e- books is fun. in addition, it also e

47、nlarges my vocabulary words because of the advanced technology and the vivid animations动画.i hope to study both english and computer technology because i am interested in both of the subjects. maybe one day i could combine both of them and apply to my research in the future.sample 2hello everyone, my

48、 name is lee. this is really a great honor to have this opportunity, and i believe i can make good performance today. now i will introduce myself briefly. i am 20 years old，born in guangdong province, south of china, and i am a senior student at guangdong university. my major is english. and i will

49、receive my bachelors degree after my graduation in june. in the past four years, i spent most of my time on study. i passed cet4 and cet6 with a ease and acquired(获取)basic theoretical and practical knowledge of language. besides, i have attended several speech competition held in beijing, which real

50、ly showed our professional advantages. i have taken a tour to some big factories and companies, through which i got a deep understanding of english for application. compared to developed countries, unfortunately, although we have made extraordinary progress since 1998, our packaging industry is stil

51、l underdeveloped, messy（杂乱）and unstable（不稳定）, and the situation of employees in the field is awkward（笨拙的）. but i have full confidence in its bright future if only our economy can be kept at the growth pace still. i guess you may be interested in why i choose this job. i would like to tell you that t

52、his job is one of my lifelong goals. if i can work here,i will work hard. as to my character, i cannot describe it well, but i know i am optimistic（乐观的） and confident. sometimes i prefer to stay alone, reading and listening to the music, but i am not lonely, for i like to chat with my classmates abo

53、ut almost everything. my favorite pastime（消遣） is to play volleyball, to play cards or to surf online. from life at university, i learn how to balance study and entertainment. by the way, i was an actor in our amazing drama club. i have a fewglorious（光彩的） memories on stage. that is my pride.（三）情景会话conversations1、introductios and opening conversations2、seeing th edoctor 3、shopping4、a telephone call 5、asking for and telling the direction6、at a birthday partysamples1、making a telephone calla: hello!b: hello! could i speak to jean?a: im sorry shes not in at the moment.b: is that mrs. smit