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1、动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering DepartmentWuhan Institute of Shipbuilding TechnologyPower Engineering DepartmentLuobin动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering DepartmentLesson 7 Lubrication System 第7课 润滑系统动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering DepartmentDuties of a lubricant润滑剂 (油)的功用动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering Department The

2、successful operation of any engine or machine and its depends on effective lubrication which involves the formation and maintenance of a lubricating oil film(润滑油膜) between the moving parts(运动部件). 任何发动机或机器的良好工作及无故障运行期取均决于有效的润滑,包括机器运动部件之间润滑油膜的形成和维持。动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering Department The marine die

3、sel engine(船用柴油机) is no exception and considerable thought has gone into the problem of the lubrication of its many parts with their widely varying operating conditions(工作条件). 船用柴油机也不例外,人们对其在各种不同的工作条件下众多零部件的润滑问题,动了许多脑筋。动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering Department(除了以外) providing (润滑油膜), oils used in marin

4、e diesel engines(船用柴油机) have to remove heat from (油冷活塞), (酸性产物) of combustion, cleanse hot moving parts(运动部件) of carbonaceous(含碳的) deposits(沉淀物), resist(抗) and wash away(冲走,带走) .船用柴油机所使用的滑油除了供形成油膜外,还必须从油冷活塞中带走热量,中和燃烧所产生的酸性产物,清洗掉热的运动部件上的积炭,抗氧化并带走磨屑。动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering Department The developme

5、nt of oils has (与保持同步) the increasing demands made by the steady rise in powers produced by modern marine diesels(现代船用柴油机). 滑油的发展同现代船用柴油机功率的稳定提高所提出的不断增加的要求保持同步。动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering DepartmentThe selection of an oil from the (市场上供应的) range depends to a great extent(在很大程度上) on the (工作条件), the d

6、esign of the engine and the type of fuel to be burned.选择市场上供应的滑油在很大程度上取决于发动机的工作条件、设计状况,以及所用燃油的种类。动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering DepartmentLarge marine diesel engines of crosshead construction generally have two systems of lubrication:大型十字头式船用柴油机一般有两种润滑系统:a(全损系统) feeding the cylinders and a (循环系统) lubri

7、cating the (运动部件) and cooling the pistons.供给气缸润滑的全损系统和用于润滑运动部件及冷却活塞的循环系统。动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering Department Cylinder oil system 气缸油系统动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering Department Temperatures in the cylinder are naturally high, though only the cylinder (燃烧室) and piston crown(活塞头) (承受) actual (火焰温度). 虽然

8、只有气缸燃烧室和活塞头直接承受实际的火焰温度,但是气缸内的温度确实很高。动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering Department The piston rings(活塞环) exert(vt.施加) a varying pressure on the liner walls(缸壁) under conditions involving rapidly changing speed and reversal(反向) of direction of motion. 在运动速度和运动方向迅速变化的条件下,活塞环对缸壁施加的压力不断变化。 cylinder liner 气缸套 cy

9、linder wall 气缸壁 speed of motion 运动速度 direction of motion 运动方向动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering Department Oil is supplied to the (气缸套) wall and the piston rings (机械注油器) giving a carefully(精确地) controlled oil feed, through s(注油器) or s(注油针), and in some designs it is timed (以便)the oil s(注射到) only on the (活塞

10、环带), thus ensuring the most efficient lubrication(最佳润滑). 滑油通过机械注油器经注油器或注油针供入气缸壁及活塞环,并精确控制注油量。并且,在某些类型中,注油是定时的,以便滑油只射到活塞环带上,从而保证最佳润滑。动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering DepartmentCylinder linerPiston Piston ringQuill注油针注油针Belt环带环带动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering DepartmentInjectorHydraulic motorCamshaftGear pumpL

11、ubrication oil动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering Department The (油膜) between the rings(活塞环) and the liner(缸套) and between the rings(活塞环) and the grooves(环槽) in the piston are not only (必要的) for lubrication but also (对起重要作用) achieving a (气密). 活塞环与缸壁之间以及活塞环与环槽之间的油膜不仅对润滑是必需的,而且对保持气密也起重要作用。动力工程系动力工程系Power Engi

12、neering Department In carrying out these duties the oil is exposed to(使受到) contamination(污染) by (燃烧产物). 在起到这些作用时,滑油会受到燃烧产物的污染。动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering Department Some of these are acidic(酸性的), particularly if are being used and can cause (腐蚀的) conditions which (促进) heavy rates of (磨损). 其中有些燃烧产物是酸

13、性的,尤其是使用渣油时,会引起腐蚀,使磨损加剧。 corrosion腐蚀。erosion侵蚀。wear磨损。 Also, and s(积炭) form in the ring belt(环带) which (影响) the correct operation of the rings. 而且,还会在(活塞)环带上形成漆膜和积炭,从而影响(活塞)环的正常工作。动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering DepartmentTo counteract(克服,消弱) these (不利的) effects cylinder oils usually contain s(添加剂) to a

14、 high degree of and . 为克服这些不利影响,气缸油通常含有具有高碱性和去垢能力的添加剂。The alkalinity neutralizes the acid conditions and the detergency cleanses(vt.清洁) the rings and grooves.碱性用于中和酸,去垢能力用以清洁活塞环和活塞环槽。动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering Department Main lubricating oil system 主润滑油系统动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering Department Opera

15、ting conditions in the crank chamber(曲轴箱) are very different from those in the cylinder and it is the need for the oil to perform its functions(起作用) over a very long period, which determines the (特性) required in the (润滑剂). 曲轴箱的工作条件和气缸的工作条件大不相同,曲轴箱滑油需在很长的时间内起作用,这就决定了润滑剂所需的特性。动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineeri

16、ng DepartmentThe following features are essential for crank chamber oils:曲轴箱滑油必须具有如下基本性能:动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering Department1. They must have good lubricating properties and be able to resist(vt.抵抗) of the film separating the moving parts(运动部件) in order to ensure minimum (摩损). 必须具有良好的润滑性能,并能保持各运动

17、部件间的油膜不破裂,以保证最小的摩损。动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering Department 2. They must be able to remove heat from a bearing and to do so the viscosity should be high enough at operating temperatures to (vt.辅助) film maintenance(n.维持). 必须能从轴承带走热量,为此,滑油在各种工作温度下必须有足够高的粘度以维持油膜。动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering Department 3.

18、They must (能够) removing heat from oil cooled pistons(油冷活塞) and in doing so must have the highest possible degree of resistance to oxidation(氧化) and other effects of heat. 必须能从油冷活塞带走热量。为此必须具有尽可能高的抗氧化性能及其他耐热性能。动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering Department The use of a (劣质油) can lead to rapid of its propertie

19、s with the resultant formation of deposits in the (活塞头) which in turn (导致) a considerable reduction in heat transfer(传热) with subsequent (过热) and thermal cracking(热裂纹). 使用劣质(润滑)油能导致其性能迅速恶化,结果在活塞头中形成沉积物,从而大大降低其传热性能,而使活塞头过热和热裂纹。动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering Department The cooling oil is usually supplied

20、 to the pistons by means of telescopic pipes(伸缩管)、 connected to the crossheads and passages in the piston rods. 通常,借助于和十字头相连的伸缩管及活塞杆内部通道向活塞输送冷却油。动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering Department To ensure a constant supply of clean and temperature controlled oil to the engine requires the provision of a great

21、deal of auxiliary equipment such as pumps, filters, centrifuges, coolers, drain and storage tanks etc. 为了保证向发动机不断输送清洁且温度受控的滑油,需要配备大量的辅助设备,例如:泵、滤器、分油机、冷却器、滑油循环柜和储存柜等等。动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering Department Lubrication 润滑动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering Department The lubrication system(润滑系统) of an engine

22、provides a supply of lubricating oil to the various moving parts(运动部件) in an engine. 柴油机的润滑系统向机内各个运动件提供滑油。动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering Department Its main function is to enable the formation of a film(油膜) of oil between the moving parts(运动部件), which reduces friction(摩擦) and wear(磨损). 它的主要功能是能够在运动部件之间

23、形成油膜以减少摩擦和磨损。 The lubricating oil is also used as a 清洁剂 and in some engines as a (冷却剂). 润滑油也用作清洁剂,在某些柴油机中还用作冷却剂。动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering Department Lubricating oil systems 润滑油系统动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering Department Lubricating oil for an engine is stored in the bottom(底部) of the crankcase(曲轴箱),

24、known as the (油底壳), or in a located (在下面) the engine. 柴油机的润滑油储存在曲轴箱的底部,即所谓的油底壳,或储存在位于柴油机下面的循环柜中。动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering DepartmentThe oil is (从吸入) this tank through a (粗滤器), one of a pair of pumps, into one of a pair of s(细滤器). 滑油从循环柜吸入,经粗滤器、滑油泵(两台中的一台)到细滤器(两个中的一个)。It is then ed(经过) a (冷却器) befo

25、re entering the engine and being d(分配) to the various s(支管).经冷却器后进入柴油机并分配到各个支管。动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering Department The branch pipe(支管) for a particular(单独的) cylinder may feed the main bearing, for instance. 例如,有个单独的气缸支管可以向主轴承供油。 Some of this oil will (沿着经过) a (钻道) in the crankshaft(曲轴) to the(连杆大

26、端轴承) and then a drilled passage in the (连杆) the (活塞销) or (十字头轴承). 有些油将沿着曲轴中的钻道到达连杆大端轴承,然后沿连杆钻道上行到活塞销或十字头轴承。动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering Department An alarm at the end of the (支管) ensures that (足够的) pressure is maintained by the pump. 在支管的端部有报警器以确保(油)泵维持足够的油压。 Pumps and fine filters(细滤器) are arranged(

27、布置) (一式两份) with one as standby. 泵和细滤器布置两套,一套备用。动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering DepartmentThe s(细滤器) will be arranged so that one can be cleaned while the other is operating.细滤器是这样布置的,当一台工作时另一台可以清洗。After use in the engine the lubricating oil drains back to the (油底壳) or (泄油柜) for re use. 滑油在柴油机中使用后,泄回到油底壳

28、或循环柜以便重新使用。动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering DepartmentA (液面计,油尺) gives a local (读数) of the drains tank(泄油柜,循环柜) s(含量).循环柜中的油量可从(柜旁)油尺读出。A (离心式) is arranged for cleaning the lubricating oil in the system and clean oil can be provided from a (储存柜). 离心式(分油机)用于在系统中净化滑油,并且洁净的滑油可从储存柜获得。动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering Department The (滑油冷却器) is circulated by (海水), which is at a lower pressure than the oil. 滑油冷却器由海水循环冷却,且海水压力低于滑油。 As a result any (漏泄) in the cooler will (意味) a loss of oil and not (污染) of the oil by sea water. 其结果是冷却器中的任何漏泄将意味着滑油损失而滑油不会被海水污染。动力工程系动力工程系Power Engineering Department Cylinder l

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