几个时态的对比

1、 几个时态的对比【课标导航】课程目标层次要求几个时态的基本构成英语七个时态的否定式疑问句等题目 掌握几个时态的用法做题当中能够识别时态几个时态的熟练掌握以及应用,尤其几个易混时态【知识梳理】一、综述1.重点: 几个时态的正确构成方式以及熟练应用 句子当中能够熟练的识别并且理解各个时态的作用以及意义。2. 难点: 时态混用或串用（如在描写过去的经历时，有时用现在时） 时态的疑问句，否定句和特殊疑问句。 关键词的识别。二、时态综述1.一般现在时 .概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 .时间状语： Always, usually, often, sometimes, every we

2、ek (day, year, month), once a week(day, year, month), on Sundays, .基本结构：动词 原形 （如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要改为第三人称单数形式） .否定形式：主语/三单+do/does not+V原+其他 一般疑问句：用助动词do提问，如主语第三人称单数则用does。. 用法:a.表示习惯性的动作 b客观存在，科学道理。 c.格言 d.现在的状态，能力，性格，个性。 .特殊疑问词（+主语）+动词+其他 2. 一般过去时 .概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 .时间状语：ago, yesterd

3、ay, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month),in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. .基本结构：主语+动词或be的过去时+名词 .否定形式：主语+was/were +not+其他;在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。 .一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。 .（1）一般 动词后+S （2）以x,s,o,sh,ch结尾+es

4、 如fixes goes .用法：a.表示在过去一段时间里经常性或习惯性的动作 b.表示过去某时或某时段内发生的状态情况常与过去的时间状语连用 c.表示过去经常发生的动作，常与过去的频度状语连用3.现在进行时 .概念：现在进行时表示现在或当前一段时间正在进行的动作。可以表示有计划的未来，也就是用现在进行时表示将来。 .时间状语：now, at the moment , at the time , today , tonight , this morning , this afternoon , this evening , this week , this month , this year

5、, while , ect. .基本结构：主语+be+v.-ing现在分词形式 .形式：肯定句:主语+ be（is/am/are）+ 现在分词 否定句:主语+ be（is/am/are）+ not + 现在分词 .一般疑问句：Be(am, is, are) +主语+现在分词+其它？ 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+be(am, is, are)+主语+现在分词+其它？ 4.过去进行时 .概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。 .时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。 .基本结构 主语+

6、was/were +doing +其他 .否定形式：主语+was/were + not +doing+其他 .一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。(第一个字母大写） 5.现在完成时 .概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。 .时间状语：yet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+时间点，for+时间段，recently, lately, in the past few years, etc. .基本结构：主语+have/has +p.p（过去分词）+其他 .否定形式：主语+have

7、/has + not +p.p（过去分词）+其他 .一般疑问句：have或has。 6.过去完成时 .概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。 .时间状语：Before, by the end of last year (term, month), etc. until，as soon as .基本结构：主语+had + p.p（过去分词）+其他 .否定形式：主语+had + not +p.p（过去分词）+其他 .一般疑问句：had放于句首。 . 基本结构：主语+had+p.p（过去分词）+其他 a肯定句：主语+ had+p.p（过

8、去分词）+其他 b否定句：主语+ had+ not+p.p（过去分词）+其他 c一般疑问句：Had+主语+p.p（过去分词）+其他? d特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句? 7.一般将来时 .概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。 .时间状语： .基本结构：主语其他；主语其他 .否定形式：主语；主语其他 .一般疑问句：be放于句首；提到句首。 . 一般现在时表将来 ： 8.现在完成时和一般过去时的比较： Tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by,the day after tomor

9、row, etc. +am/is/are +going to + do+ +will/shall + do+ +am/is/are not going to do +will/shall not do+ will/shall come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return Mary has lived in London for ten years. Mary lived in London for ten years. We visited a power station last week. We have visited a power sta

10、tion. （说明现在对发电站有所了解。） Yes, I have./No, I havent. Yes, I saw them on your desk a minute ago.（有过去时间状语） American English has changed over the centuries. Great changes have taken place in the past few years. I arrived here last Sunday, but I havent seen Mr. White up to now. 9.现在完成时和现在完成进行时的比较： He has li

11、ved here for six weeks. He has been living here for six weeks. Theyve been talking to him since morning. Theyve talked to him since morning. .I havent seen him for years. Theyve always had a big garden. How long have you known that? 但状态动词用作动作动词时就能用于现在完成进行时： .在不用表示一段时间的状语的情况下，现在完成进行时和现在完成时就不可以随便使用。 T

12、heyve been widening the road .（还在进行） Theyve widened the road. (已经完工) .用How long？结构询问目前正在进行的动作的时间长度时，习惯上多用现在完成进行时。 How long have you been sewing? Ive been sitting here all afternoon. Ive been waiting for you since morning. Ive been staying in a hotel so far. 某些不能用于进行时的动词同样也不能用于现在完成进行时，只能用于现在完成时，不具有延续

13、意义的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。 He has had a cold for a week. He has been having a cold for a week. I have heard the news since last week. I have been hearing the news since last week. 10.过去完成时与一般过去时的用法比较： 过去完成时和一般过去时都可和表示某一确定的过去时间状语连用。而现在完成时不能。 I had done the work at six oclock. I did the work at six oclock. 在以连

14、词after指明两个动作的时间先后关系时，从句中可用过去完成时，也可用一般过去时。 After the teacher (had) left the classroom, the children started talking. 当连词when作after解时，从句中用过去完成时和一般过去时都可以。 When I (had) got home, everybody went to bed. 当when作“当时候”解时，不能互换。 When I got home, the children had gone to bed. 两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用and或but连接时，按时间发生的顺序，

15、只须用一般过去时。 He entered the room, turned on the light and sat down at the table. He gave up smoking for a while, but soon returned to his old ways. 但是如果两个先后发生的动作不按时间顺序排列，先发生的动作就得用过去完成时。 I found the book that I had lost. 11. 过去进行时和一般过去时的比较： 过去进行时表示正在进行（未完成）的动作，一般过去时表示一个完成的动作。 I was reading a book last n

16、ight. （可能没看完） I read a book last night. （已经看完了） They were becoming quite grown-up now. 他们正在长大成人。 They became quite grown-up. 他们已长大成人。 It rained all day yesterday. It was raining all day yesterday. 昨天下了一天的雨。 I worked from 7 to 11 last night. I was working from 7 to 11 last night. 昨晚我从七点工作到十一点。 过去进行时只

17、用于看来是在继续而不间断的行动。如果把行动分割开或者说出其发生次数就必须用一般过去时。 I was talking to Tom for an hour. I talked to Tom several times. Tom washed both cars. 一般过去时只说明过去某时发生某事，而过去进行时侧重在动作持续时间的长度。 He was working / worked from two oclock until supper time. 两个或两个以上的动作发生在过去，如果其中有一个是可持续的动词，而另一个是持续时很短的，则前者用过去进行时，后者用一般过去时。 Tom slippe

18、d into the house when no one was looking.【经典例题】【例1】This problem _this eveningA will discuss B is going to discuss C is to be discussed D is discussed2.Fred_a waiter for two years before he went to university.A has been B had been C was D used to 3.The old woman is quite nervous, she _before.A was ne

19、ver to be operated B was never operated on C has never been operated on D has never been operated on 4.Tom broke the glasses which my grandfather _for ten years.A bought B had bought C had kept D had have5.I dont know when I_.A will be born B have born C am born D was born【例2】完成句子I _ (do) my homewor

20、k every evening.2. We _ (fly) kites in the park on Sundays.3. My mother _ (clean) our room on Sundays.4. Tom _(play) the piano every Saturday. Now he_ (play).5. She _(like) swimming. She _ (swim) this weekend.【例3】选词填空 用never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since填空： 1. I have _ seen him before, so I

21、have no idea about him. 2. Jack has _ finished his homework. 3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school _ ten years. 4. “Have you _ seen the film?” “No, I have _ seen it.” 5. “Has the bus left _?” “Yes, it has _ left.”【强化训练】&【课后作业】（注：本专题根据学生的程度及上课接受情况适当选择部分进行上课练习，部分做为课后作业。）【A卷】一、按要求完成句子 1. The children h

22、ad a good time in the park. 否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 对划线部分提问：_ 2. There were about nine hundred people at the concert.(音乐会) 否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 对划线部分提问：_ 3. There was only one problem. 否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 肯定/否定回答：_二、按要求改句子 1.Do you often play football after school? (肯定回答) 2.I have many books. （改为否定句） 3.Gao Shans sister li

23、kes playing table tennis.（改为否定句） 4.She lives in a small town near New York. （改为一般疑问句）三、用现在进行时完成下列句子: 1.What_you_(do)? 2.I_(sing) an English song. 3.What_he_(mend)? 4.He_(mend) a car. 5._you_(fly) a kite? Yes ,_. 6._she_(sit) in the boat? 7._you_(ask) questions? 8.We_(play) games now.四、用所给词的适当形式填空。 1

24、.Today is a sunny day. We_ (have) a picnic this afternoon. 2.My brother _ (go) to Shanghai next week. 3.Tom often _(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He _ (go) to school by bike. 4.What do you usually do at weekends? I usually _ (watch) TV and _(catch) insects? 5.Its Friday today. What_she_

25、(do) this weekend? She _ (watch) TV and _ (catch) insects. 五按要求改写句子 1.The boy is playing basketball. 否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_ 2.造句:.she, the window, open, now.(用现在进行时连词成句.)_ .is, who, the window, cleaning?(连词成句)_ .She is closing the door now.(改成否定句)_ .they, the tree, sing, now, under.(用现在进行时连词成句.)_

26、 .The Young Pioneers are helping the old woman.(改成一般疑问句)_【B卷】 一. 单项选择题 1.Jane _New York _a few days. A will leave; after B has left; for C is leaving; in D leaves; for 2.When I entered the room ,I _him drawing. A found B am finding C will find D find 3.A sports meeting_. A will hold B is being held

27、C has been held D is going to be held 4.By the end of last month he _here for four years. A has lived B had lived C have been lived D is living 5.Nothing _of him since last month. A was heard B has been heard C had been heard D heard 6.He said he _the college in 1982 A had entered B would enter C en

28、tered D will enter 7.All the business letters _by tomorrow . A are being answered B have been answered C will have been answered D had been answered 8.The geography teacher told us that America_ a rich and beautiful continent. A was B is C will be D is going to be 9.I remember quite will that it _Sue and John who helped me that morning A has been B were C are D was 10.At the time ,he often _late into the night. A worked B works C was working D would worked 11.We can do noting unless we_ more