高考英语一轮复习学案专题15：完形填空

1、2013年高考英语一轮复习学案专题15: 完形填空【备考策略】一、 完形填空的题型特点近几年来的完形填空题，有以下几个特点：1. 短文难度基本稳定，与高中英语教材课文难易基本相当。2. 短文选材一般为故事性文章，极少采用其他题材的文章。但往往不按时间顺序平铺直叙，有插叙或倒叙，有时还夹有描述和议论。3. 短文的第一句不设空格，提供给考生一个思路，以便考生做题。4. 考查内容主要是逻辑上的通顺，极少是考语法，所以每题四个选项大多属同一语法范畴。5. 短文长度基本稳定，一般在250300个单词左右。二、完形填空选项设置的几个特点1. 同义、近义词辨析型。多倾向考查动词、名词、形容词。(平时要多把这

2、几类词性的词归纳记忆)2. 固定搭配型。多倾向考查动词和介词或副词、名词和介词、形容词和介词，典型句子结构的搭配。3. 常用语法。 时态和语态、从句连词。4. 根据上下文的逻辑关系确定选项型三、 完形填空的解题步骤时间分配：1)通读全文，领会大意(2-3分钟);2)逐句阅读，选出答案 (6-7分钟);3)猜测难点、整体复查(2-3分钟)。1. 跳过空格、通读全文、把握大意。先跳过空格，通读试题所给的要完形填空的短文，获得整体印象，做到弄清文脉、抓住主旨，较好地把握短文大意。要在阅读理解短文意思的基础上才开始判定选择，切忌仓促下笔。2. 结合选项、综合考虑、初定答案。在理解全文意思的基础上，再结

3、合所给备选项细读全文，联系上、下文内容，注意从上、下文的语法结构和词语搭配及从选择项中寻找解题的提示，以词、句的意义为先，再从分析句子结构入手，根据短文意思、语法规则、词语固定搭配等进行综合考虑，对备选项逐一进行分析、比较和筛选，排除干扰项、初步选定答案。3. 瞻前顾后、先易后难、各个击破。动笔时要瞻前顾后、通篇考虑、先易后难。对比较明显直接的、自己最有把握的答案先做，一下子不能确定答案的，先跳过这一空格，继续往下做，最后回过头来再集中精力解决难点。这时可结合已确定答案的选项再读一遍短文，随着对短文理解的深入，可以降低试题的难度，提高选择的正确率。4. 复读全文、逐空验证、弥补疏漏。完成各道题

4、选择后，把所选的答案代入原文，再把全文通读一篇，逐空认真复查。看所选定的答案是否使短文意思前后连贯、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确，是否符合习惯表达法。如发现错误答案或有疑问的，应再次推敲、反复斟酌、做出修正。四、做完形填空选择题时应注意如下几点：1. 完形填空的短文通常没有标题，且文章的首句和尾句一般不设空，要特别注重对首、尾句的理解，因为它们往往提示或点明文章的主题，对理解全文有较大帮助。2. 第一遍通读带有空缺单词的短文时可能一时把握不住短文内容，弄不清头绪，这是很正常的。此时要注意克服畏难情绪和急躁心理，应稳定情绪，再将短文读一、二遍，直到明确大意为止。3. 做题时切勿一看到一个空格就急着

5、选出一个答案，这样往往只见树木不见森林。由于缺乏全局观念，极易导致连续选错。因为完形填空不同于单个句子的选词填空，其空白处是位于一篇文章之中，因此必须纵观全文、通篇考虑。4. 每篇完形填空所设的空多以实词为主，所提供的四个备选项中只有一个是正确的，其它三项均为干扰项。而干扰项也多半与前、后的句子或词组可以形成某种搭配，即如单从语法角度判断则无法确定，还必须从语篇意义上加以鉴别。5. 动笔时先易后难，先完成容易、有把握的答案，这样可以增强自信心，然后再集中精力解决难点。对于实在无法确定的，可以从文中同样结构或类似结构中寻找提示，大胆地作出猜测。 在不能确定答案的情况下，要凭语感和第一感觉。一经确

6、定的答案不要轻易改动。6. 结合生活常识和中西方文化及上下文选出最佳答案。五、突破完形的注意事项1. 近可能多地积累和接触不同的新词汇，并有意识地记忆常考高频词。2. 提高阅读速度，训练快速阅读。最好以同桌或小组的形式训练。3. 训练题型不要过于单一，除了常规训练外，可以尝试选词填空、无词猜词和篇章翻译等题型的训练。4. 选择性做题，可以分类选择。记叙文、议论文、说明文等有代表性的做几篇，或选择做近几年的高考真题。5. 要有规律地做题，题不在多而在精。每做一篇都要善于对比自己的思路和文章作者的思路，每做一篇都要总结自己失分的原因，并在下次做题时提醒自己不要再犯考点解析完形填空的文章多选自英文报

7、刊、杂志或网站，选材多为贴近日常生活，具有一定故事情境和情感教育意义的短文。 体裁常为夹叙夹议，由叙及议，前面大部分常采用第一人称叙述某件生活小事，最后一部分上升为议论，从生活中的小事得到的心灵感悟以及对人生态度的启迪。 中西方文化、语言背景的不同造成了逻辑思维方面的差异，这就要求学生带着“跨文化意识”去理解文章的遣词造句、行文布局、上下文语境，并结合自己的亲身经历或想象与文中作者共鸣。 考点一、情境知识考查【例1】the word “spaghetti” brought back the _36._memory_of an evening at uncle alien s in bellev

8、ille _37._when_all of us were seated around the table and aunt pat _38_ spaghetti for supper. 38. a. cooked b. served c. got d. made 【答案及解析】b生活常识情境：当大伙围在餐桌边坐好时(all of us were seated around the table)，主人应该是端上准备好的佳肴供客人享用，而不是cooked 或者 made食物，所以排除a、d。 【例2】what laughing _42._arguments_ we had about the _

9、43_ respectable method for moving spaghetti from plate to mouth. 43. a. nearly b. naturally c. officially d. socially 【答案和解析】d文化背景情境：此题考查了学生对餐桌礼仪文化的理解。在自己家里或没有外人在场的情况下可以用任意的吃相吃spaghetti，但是若想以一种respectable 方式把长长的意大利面从盘里搬到嘴里，那是社交场合下一种约定俗成的要求。故socially更符合题意。 教学建议：为帮助学生更好地理解这种餐桌文化，可观看影片titanic中，jack刚进入上

10、流社会宴会， 和rose 的母亲在同一餐桌吃饭时，俩人不同的吃相以及举止的巨大反差。【例3】he had a habit of telling _45._jokes_. one time he said, “doc, a deafanddumb(聋哑)man _46._needed_ some nails. having entered a store, he put two fingers together on the counter and made _47_ movements with the other hand. the clerk brought him a hammer. h

11、e _48_his head and pointed to the two fingers he was hammering. the clerk _49._brought_him some nails. he picked out the right size and left.” 47. a. cutting b. hammering c. waving d. circling48. a. nodded b. raised c. shook d. turned【答案及解析】47. b生活常识情境：一个聋哑人想买钉子，用一只手的两个指头做钉子，另一只手当然做敲锤动作了。 48. c生活常识情

12、境：当店员以为他想买锤子，而给他拿了锤子时，聋哑人当然要摇头了。教学建议：这种情境，可鼓励学生以情景剧的形式把它表演出来，使学生对该语句的理解有个直观的感受。【例4】after an absence of thirty years, i decided to visit my old school againi wondered for a moment if i had come to the right 3._address.i was pleased to find that it was 4._break time and that the children were all in t

13、he playground. this would enable me to _5_ some members of staff. 5. a. remember b. know c. meet d. recognize 【答案及解析】b情感经历共鸣：文中作者阔别母校30年，重返母校时因岁月变迁之大而怀疑自己是否找对地址了。碰巧是课间休息时间，这使得他有机会去认识教职员工，故而选know。不选remember和recognize是因为30年的沧桑变故，他在母校几乎不大可能认出谁或记得谁，而meet一般是约好的碰面。教学建议：这种情感经历可与贺知章的回乡偶书中“少小离家老大回”的作者相关联。ret

14、urning home i left home young and not till old do i return， speaking as then, but with hair grown thin and gray， the children dont know me, whom i meet on the way， “where do you come from, reverend sir？” they smile and say. 综上所述，学生阅读过程中应该根据上下文，瞻前顾后地寻找相邻信息词句，共同组建文境，并激活大脑进行联想，使类似于上述情境在大脑空间中以各种方式视觉化(vi

15、sualize)，情境化(situationize)，图像化(picturize )。考点二、语言知识考查语言知识的考查往往从词组搭配、词义辨析、语法结构及逻辑过渡词语等几个方面设题，旨在让学生日常学习中注重语言用法积累以便能在不同语境中正确地运用它们。一、词组搭配词组搭配在语言知识考查中所占的比重最大。历年高考完形填空选项中至少会出现两道词组题目。词组一般以以下几种形式出现：1以简单动词为中心介词/副词构成的词组辨析【例1】police reports are full of _35._accidents_ that occur when people fall into sleep and

16、 go _36_the road.(2011全国卷) 36. a. up b. off c. along d. down【答案和解析】b根据上文，此空需要“偏离道路”这一含义，故用go off the road。2. 以简单动词介词为中心构成的词组辨析【例2】， so i decided to _47_on learning the game, do my best at each practice session, and not be too hard on myself for the things i didnt _48._know_ “just yet”. (2011北京卷) 47.

17、 a. focus b. act c. rely d. try【答案和解析】a虽然四个选项都可与on构成搭配，但根据下文do my best at each practice session可知作者下定决心学好篮球，把精力都集中在学习篮球上。 focus on 集中精力/注意力于3. 由介词简单名词构成的名词词组【例3】i watched as you faced the _25._changes_of completing your studies, starting companies with dad，while still being a _26._model_ and a mom o

18、f five kids. i was exhausted just watching you _27_.(2011天津卷) 27. a. in danger b. in action c. in trouble d. in charge【答案和解析】b根据上文语境信息，此句意思应为：光看着你不停忙碌就让我很累。in action 在运转中；in danger 处于危险中。in trouble 处于麻烦中； in charge负责，掌管。4. 由动词名词构成的词组【例4】 now maja was ready to keep her _48_. (2011湖北卷) 48. a. appointm

19、ent b. promise c. record d. habit【答案和解析】b根据上下文语境，可得知此句含义为：如今，maja该兑现诺言了。故选keep ones promise这个词组。二、词义辨析词义辨析主要体现于四个选项均为名词、形容词或副词等。它们在完形填空20道题中常各占一道或两道题。1. 名词辨析【例1】 there are times when people are so tired that they fall asleep almost anywhere. we can see there is a lot of sleeping on the bus or train

20、on the _21_ home from work in the evenings. 21. a. way b. track c. path d. road【答案和解析】a根据上文可知，在下班回家的路上人们因工作劳累而在公交车、火车上睡着，故此处因为：on the way home from work。 2. 形容词辨析【例2】 we were thrown into the water, and dad was struggling aimlessly. at that moment, i felt fiercely _52_ of him. i swam to dad _53._quic

21、kly_ and assisted him in climbing onto the hull(船壳) of the boat. 52. a. ashamed b. protective c. tired d. afraid【答案和解析】b根据上下文中的“struggling aimlessly”， “assisted him”可知我要保护他。 3. 副词辨析【例3】 i led tony away _47_， saying that the drum was too expensive. (2011辽宁卷) 47. a. happily b . eagerly c. cautiously d

22、. quickly【答案和解析】d句意：我边快速地把tony带走，边说着礼物很贵这样的话。quickly可以反映作者的焦虑以及对即将发生的事情的一种铺垫。三、语法结构近几年的完形填空题逐渐淡化语法概念，所以语法题所占比重不多。但是非谓语动词的考查很常见，偶尔也会考查情态动词的用法，其他语法板块内容涉及很少。1非谓语动词结构 非谓语动词结构的考查还是立足于它们在句子中充当的句法功能，如需要填入一个非谓语动词结构作定语、状语、宾语补足语等句子成分，旨在考查学生的句子分析能力。【例1】 we can see there is a lot of sleeping on the bus or train

23、 or he will fall asleep on the shoulder of the stranger _25_ next to himthe worst time to fall asleep is when _34_. (2011全国卷) 25. a. lying b. waiting c. talking d. sitting 34. a. thinking b. working c. walking d. driving【答案和解析】25. d上文中的信息on the bus or train说明：可能会靠在坐在旁边的陌生人的肩膀上睡着。本题考查非谓语动词中现在分词作定语。 3

24、4. d此处强调最糟的就是开车时打盹。d 为最佳选项。本题考查非谓语动词中连词现在分词这一状语结构。2情态动词情态动词的考查常结合完形填空篇章上下文背景信息。【例2】 there are also styles to remind me of muma tiny chair which _37_be in her bedroom is set in one room. (2011四川卷) 37. a. ought to b. used to c. might d. could【答案和解析】b根据句意：一把过去曾经在母亲卧室里摆放的小椅子被安放到了其中一个房间。used to 表过去常常 四、逻

25、辑过渡词语上下文之间表转折、递进、因果等关系的过渡词语选择也一般会占一道题量。这就要求学生平时要关注句与句、段与段之间逻辑衔接。【例1】_52_，the boy of our story was a pretty smart guy, even if he couldnt always get what he wanted. (2011江苏卷) 52. a. therefore b. however c. moreover d. otherwise【答案及解析】b考查上下文的逻辑关系。从下文even if来判断，该句的逻辑应该是：即使然而 考点三、换位思考 挖空设题在阅读英文文章过程中，考生应

26、带着完形填空的意识去审视一篇文章的遣词造句，换位到试卷命题者角度，对一篇文章能从文化背景知识，生活常识，情感经历共鸣，上下文语境等情境方面设题，或者从词组搭配，词义辨析，语法结构或逻辑过渡词语等语言知识角度设题。这种思维方式的不断演练能提高考生对完形填空上述设题角度的敏感性，从而提高解答完形题空的题感和更好理解篇章的语感。因此碰到符合完形填空题材和体裁特点的好文章，至少要按以下步骤阅读三遍。 步骤一：通读全文，领会大意； 步骤二：细读全文，挖词设空； 步骤三：回读全文，推敲词句。 【例1】i played a racquetball(短柄墙球) game against my cousin e

27、d last week. it was one of the most surprising and _1._tiring_ games ive ever had. when ed first phoned and suggested we play, i laughed quietly, figuring on an _2._easy_ victory. after all, eds idea of exercise has always been nothing more effortmaking than lifting a fork to his mouth. as long as i

28、 can remember, eds been the _3._least_ physically fit member in the family. and strangely proud of himself. his big stomach has always _4._ballooned_out_ between his tshirt and trousers. although the family often joked about that, hed refused to buy a larger tshirt or to lose weight. so when ed arri

29、ved for our game not only with the bottom of his shirt _5._gathered_ inside his trousers but also with a stomach you could _6._hardly_notice. i was so surprised that i was speechless. my cousin must have made an effort to get himself into _7._shape_. as a result, at the point in our game when id hav

30、e predicted(预计) the score to be about 9 to 1 in my favor, it was instead7 to 9 and ed was _8._leading_. the sudden realization was painful. we continued to play like two mad men. when the score was 16 up, i was having serious doubts about staying alive until 21 years old. let alone scoring that many

31、 points. when the game finally ended, both of us were lying _9._flat_on our backs, too tired to move. _10._in_a_way_， i think we both won: i won the game, but cousin ed won my respect. 【设空解析】设空1：该词要依据后文信息方能做出判断，这次比赛很让人精疲力竭。可设置成以ing结尾的形容词辨析题。 设空2：该词和空1有关联。预计中轻而易举能获胜的比赛结果却出乎意料。 设空3：该词这种用法搭配比较灵活。这种修饰性词

32、汇考查也是完形填空常设置的一种题型。 设空4：该词非常有生活情境关联意义。日常生活中那些身材肥胖的人的肚子经常像气球那样突出来，所以这个考题设置将会非常贴近生活。设空5：该词也能再现一个非常形象的生活情境。把衣服下摆塞进裤子里面用gathered，很生动。 设空6：该词和前文信息形成很大的反差。这次见面，ed可能因减肥成功，他的肚子几乎都让人注意不到了，而不是像先前那样如气球般突出来而引人注目。这里可设置一道副词辨析题，完形填空中副词辨析的题目一般都会有一道。 设空7：该词也包含了一定的生活情境信息。减肥成功了，体型恢复。可设置一道名词辨析题，与shape相区别。设空8：该词是一道体育常识题。

33、从比分上看，ed竟然领先于我了，leading在体育比赛很常用。所以可设置成一道动词辨析题。 设空9：该词也是一道生活常识题。比赛结束，双方都精疲力竭而平躺在地上不想动弹。可设置成一道形容词辨析题。设空10：way的短语很多。所以此题可挖空设成一道考查way的不同短语的用法辨析题。 五年高考 a组 2012年全国高考题组1.【2012浙江卷】阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从第2140 各题所给的四个选项（a、b、c 和d）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卷上将该项涂黑。 just sign here, sir, the deliveryman said as he handed oscar reyn

34、a a package. the package consisted of a long , narrow box _21_ wrapped in brown paper. _22_ the box , oscar saw an umbrella inside a very old one with a beautifully carved handle. _23_he had not seen it in more than 20 years , he recognized it _24_. oscar was 16 when he first saw the _25_ umbrella.

35、he had gone to a concert with his grandparents. as they were leaving , he noticed an umbrella on an empty seat. impressed by its _26_, oscar felt a strong desire to find its _27_. oscar _28_ the manager to look in the record of advance ticket sales. just as he thought, a name matched the seat _29_ o

36、scar had found the umbrella . the name was mrs. katie obrien. oscar talked his grandparents into going by mrs obriens _30_ on their way home. he rang the bell , the door opened, and an elderly woman appeared. may i _31_ you ? she asked. id like to return it if its yours, oscar said , _32_ the umbrel

37、la as if presenting a _33_ that had long been wished for. why , yes! its mine, replied mrs. brien with a _34_ smile and shining eyes. it was given to by my father years ago. thank you so much for returning it. may i offer you a reward for your _35_ ? no, maam , he said my grandmother says a good dee

38、d is its own reward. well, that s _36_ my father used to say. what is your name , young man ? years later, oscar was staring at the finely carved handle of the umbrella as he remember mrs. o brien . it was in perfect condition, considering how_37_ it was. why had it arrived here today? as if _38_, a

39、 note fell from the paper. it read: mrs obrien wanted you to _39_ this umbrella as a present for a kind, _40_gesture long ago.21. a. strictly b. carefully c. roughly d. casually 22, a, opening b, seizing c, observing d, searching 23, a, after b, when c, since d, although 24, a, clearly b, fully c, i

40、mmediately d, suddenly25, a, average b, unusual c, plain d, typical 26, a, beauty b, shape c, origin d, history 27, a, designer b, seller c, user d, owner 28, a, convinced b, forced c, encouraged d, advised 29, a, until b, before c, which d, where 30, a, family b, theater c, house d, neighborhood 31

41、, a, invite b, help c, bother d, know 32, a, putting up b, turning out c, picking up d, holding out 33, a, chance b, fact c, gift d, result 34, a, wide b, confident c, proud d, shy 35, a, patience b, kindness c, courage d, determination 36, a, obviously b, naturally c, exactly d, probably 37, a, old

42、 b, rare c, precious d, nice 38, a, in contrast b, in return c, in exchange d, in answer 39, a, possess b, accept c, carry d, value 40, a, attractive b, significant c, unselfish d, sympathetic2.【2012全国新课标】阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项a、b、 c和d中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。body language is the quiet, secret an

43、d most powerful language of all! it speaks 36 than words. according to specialists, our bodies send out more 37 than we realize. in fact, non-verbal communication(非言语交际) takes up about 50% of what we really 38 , and body language is particularly 39 when we attempt to communicate across cultures（文化）.

44、 indeed, what is called body language is so 40 a part of us that its actually often unnoticed. and misunderstandings occur as a result of it. 41 , different societies treat the 42 between people differently. northern europeans usually do not like having 43 contact(接触)even with friends, certainly not

45、 with 44 . people from latin american countries， 45 , touch each other quite a lot. therefore, its possible that in 46 ， it may look like a latino is 47 a norwegian all over the room. the latino, trying to express friendship, will keep moving 48 . the norwegian, very probably seeing this as pushines

46、s, will keep 49 - which the latino will in return regard as 50 _. clearly, a great deal is going on when people 51 . and only a part of it is in the words themselves. and when parties are from 52 cultures, theres a strong possibility of 53 . but whatever the situation, the best 54 is to obey the gol

47、den rule: treat others as you would like to be 55 _.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。作者认为身势语比言辞更有效，而身势语却常常被人们忽视。在进行跨文化交流过程中，身势语尤为重要。作者以拉丁美洲人和挪威人为例进行了阐述。最后作者指出：不管什么情况，最好的建议是：对待别人像你希望被对待的那样。（你想别人怎么对待你，你就怎样对待别人。）36. a. straighter b. louder c. harder d. further【答案】b【解析】身势语比语言表达的意思更响亮，更清楚。此处louder意为：声音更大，即更有说服力。谚语action s

48、peaks louder than words.（事实胜于雄辩。）【考点定位】考查副词的比较级及语境理解。37. a. sounds b. invitations c. feelings d. messages 【答案】d【解析】据专家称：我们的身体发出比我们意识到的更多的信息。此处sound声音；invitation邀请；feeling感觉；message信息。【考点定位】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。38. a. hope b. receive c. discover d. mean 【答案】d 【解析】实际上，非语言交际占据了约50%我们真正想表达的意思。此处hope希望；receive

49、接收；discover发现；mean表达意思。【考点定位】考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。39. a. immediate b. misleading c. important d. difficult【答案】c【解析】当我们进行跨文化交流时，身势语显得尤为重要。此处immediate立刻； misleading 误导的；important重要的；difficult困难的。【考点定位】考查形容词词义辨析。40. a. well b. far c. much d. long【答案】c 【解析】身势语是被我们事实上常常忽视的很大的一部分。【考点定位】考查形容词的用法。41. a. for exampl

50、e b. thus c. however d. in short【答案】a【解析】文章以拉丁美洲人和挪威人为例，说明不同的社会群体对待距离的态度是不同的。【考点定位】考查副词词义。42. a. trade b. distance c. connections d. greetings 【答案】b【解析】不同的社会群体对待人们之间接触的距离是不同的。此处trade交易； distance 距离； connection联系；greeting问候。【考点定位】考查名词词义及语境理解。43. a. eye b. verbal c. bodily d. telephone【答案】c【解析】北欧人通常不喜

51、欢身体的接触，即使是朋友，当然更不用说陌生人。此处eye 眼睛，眼神；verbal 言辞的； bodily身体的；telephone电话。【考点定位】考查语境理解。44. a. strangersb. relatives c. neighboursd. enemies【答案】a【解析】北欧人通常不喜欢身体的接触，即使是朋友，当然更不用说陌生人。此处strangers陌生人；relatives亲戚；neighbours邻居；enemies敌人。【考点定位】考查名词词义。45. a. in other words b. on the other hand c. in a similar way d

52、. by all means【答案】b【解析】此处on the other hand意为：然而，在另一方面。然而，拉丁美洲国家的人们相互接触的就很多。【考点定位】考查插入语的含义及语境理解。46. a. trouble b. conversation c. silence d. experiment【答案】b【解析】在对话过程中，拉丁人跟在挪威人满屋子转是可能的。此处trouble 麻烦；conversation对话； silence 沉默；experiment实验。【考点定位】考查名词词义辨析。47. a. disturbing b. helping c. guiding d. following【答案】d【解析】在对话过程中，拉丁人跟在挪威人满屋子转（following）是可能的。此处follow意为：跟着.