新视野大学英语读写教程三unit8分析解析

1、Unit8 SECTION ALegal and Moral Implications of CloningWarming-up? It is not a common sheep but a cloned sheep.HowCloningCloningIt refers to the process of making a genetically identical organism through nonsexual means.It ivolves nucleus transfer between cells.Researchers take the nucleus of one cel

2、l from a DNA donr and transplant it into an egg whose own nucleus has been removed. Text UnderstandingText UnderstandingLegal and Moral Implications of CloningPara1 At first it was just plain surprising. Word that scientists succeeded in cloning an adult mammal an achievement long thought impossible

3、 caught the imagination of everyone. The laboratory process that produced Dolly, an unremarkable-looking sheep, theoretically would work for humans as well. A world with human clones was suddenly within reach. It was science fiction coming to life.Word Using1.implication n. （1）含义，暗示 （2）牵连，卷入，涉及 （3）可

4、能的影响（后果）Something that is suggestedTranslationI resent your implication that my work is not satisfactory.Key我讨厌别人暗示我，说我的工作做的不好。2.fiction n. （1）小说 （2）虚构，想象fiction总称小说 （1）novel长篇小说 （2）short story短篇小说history 历史legend 传记TranslationTaking Dream of the Red Mansions as a history book is an important visual

5、 angle in reading fiction.Key把红楼梦当历史读，这是读小说的一个重要的视角。难句解释Word that scientists succeeded in cloning an adult mammalan achievement long thought impossiblecaught the imagination of everyone.译文：有消息说，科学家们已经成功地克隆了一只成年哺乳动物，而这项成就长期以来一直被认为是不可能的。这一传闻引发了每个人的想象。注释：注释：1）句中的主要成分为word.caught the imagination of.。tha

6、t从句是同位语从句解释word的内容；的内容；word作不可数名词时表示作不可数名词时表示“消息，命令消息，命令”。eg:The commander gave the word to fire.指挥员下令开火。开火。2）succeed in (doing) sth.成功地做某事Para2 In the wake of this announcement, governments hurried to draft guidelines for the unknown, a future filled with incredible possibilities. President Clinton

7、 ordered a national commission to study the legal and moral implications of cloning. Leaders in Europe, where most nations already prohibit human cloning, began examining the moral implications of cloning other species. 3.draft n. （1）草图，草稿，草案（2）提（款），汇票（3）征兵，服役 v（1）起草，草拟 （2）征募，征召Translation他草拟了一封给当地报

8、纸的信。KeyHe drafted a letter to the local newspaper.4.guideline n.指导方针，指导原则，行动纲领，准则TranslationThe past offers guidelines（not mandates）to the present and future.Key过去为现在和将来提供了指导方针（而不是命令）。mission n. （1）委托，授权（2）委任状（3）（专门）委员会 （4）佣金，回扣Translation她卖出东西可得10%的佣金。KeyShe gets 10% commission on her hi

9、bit vt.（1）禁止，使不可能，不准（2）阻止动词prohibit与from连用，名词prohibition后却须用against。如：the prohibition against smoking。难句解释In the wake of this announcement, governments hurried to draft guidelines for the unknown, a futurefilled with incredible possibilities.译文：就在克隆宣告成功之后，为了一个未知世界，一个充满各种不可思议的可能性的未来，各国政府立即起草指导方针。注释：注

10、释：a future filled with incredible possibilities 作同作同位语，解释the unknown;in the wake of 意为“紧紧跟随跟随.，在.后；随着.而来，作为.的结果的结果”。eg：In the wake of a hurricane,wrecked houses were found everywhere.飓风过后，随处可见被毁坏的房屋。Para3 Like the Theory of Relativity, the splitting of the atom, and the first space flight, Dollys ap

11、pearance has generated a long list of difficult puzzles for scientists, politicians, and philosophers. And wild questions on the topic of cloning continue to mount.7.split v. （使）破裂，（使）裂开 n.分裂，裂缝，裂口Translation你再胖下去裤子就要裂开了。KeyIf you get any fatter,youll split your pants.8.generate vt.(1)生殖 （2）（物理、化学）发

12、生，产生，使存在 （3）引起，导致TranslationIf you hook up a power source to a transmitter,it generates a pulse.Key如果你把能量源放到发射器上就能发射电磁脉冲。9.mount n.（1）支架，底座，底板 （2）山峰vt.（1）登，爬（山、梯等），骑上（马）（2）安装，装配 （3）准备，组织，发动 vi.（up）增加，上升Translation他飞快地爬上楼梯。KeyHe mounted the stairs quickly.TranslationExpenses are mounting up.Key开销在增加。

13、Para4,5 Why would anyone want to clone a human being in the first place?The human cloning situations that experts consider most frequently fall into two broad categories: 1) parents who want to clone a child, either to provide transplants for a dying child or to replace that child, and 2) adults who

14、 for a variety of reasons might want to clone themselves.10.category n.种类，范畴TranslationBooks can be grouped into two categories:the good books and the bad books.Key书可以分为两类：好书和坏书。11.transplant n.（1）移植，移种 （2）移植的器官或植物 vt.（1）移栽，移种（2）使迁移，使移居TranslationThe doctor transplanted skin to her face.Key医生给她的脸移植皮

15、肤。Para6,7 Will it be possible to clone the dead?Perhaps, if the body is fresh, says one expert. The cloning method used requires combining an egg cell with the nucleus of a cell containing the DNA of the person to be cloned. (DNA is a very long, ribbon-like molecule that contains our genetic informa

16、tion.) And that means that the nucleus must be intact. Cells die and the cell nucleus begins to break apart after death. But, yes, in theory at least it might be possible.12.ribbon n.（1）缎带，丝带 （2）（打印机等的）色带，带状物13. intact a.完整无缺的，完好的TranslationDespite his misfortunes,his faith and optimism remained int

17、act.Key虽然他遭到一连串的不幸，但他的信念和乐观丝毫未变。Para8.9 Would a cloned human be identical to the original?Identical genes dont produce identical people, as anyone who knows a set of identical twins can tell you. In fact, twins are more alike than clones would be, since they have at least shared the same environment

18、 within the mother, are usually raised in the same family, and so forth. Parents could clone a second child who resembled their first in appearance, but all the evidence suggests the two would have very different personalities. Twins separated at birth do sometimes share personality characteristics,

19、 but such characteristics in a cloned son or daughter would only be reminders of the child who was lost14.resemble vt.像，类似Translation他长得不好看，不像他母亲。KeyHe was not beautiful; he didnt resemble his mother. 用法：resemble是vt.本身已内含“与.”的意义，故不必再加多余的with。Para10 Even in terms of biology, a clone would not be iden

20、tical to the master copy. The clones cells, for example, would have energy-processing machinery that came from the egg, not from the person who was cloned. But most of the physical differences between originals and copies are so minor that detection of them would require a sophisticated laboratory.

21、The one possible exception is bearing children. The scientists responsible for the successful cloning are not sure that Dolly will be able to have lambs. They will try to find out once shes old enough to breed. 15.minor a.（1）较小的，较少的（2）低级的，次要的 n.未成年人TranslationThere is no point arguing any further.Wh

22、y not put aside minor differences to seek common ground on more important matters?Key再争下去没有什么意思，为什么不求大同存小异呢？16.breed v.使繁殖，生育；饲养，抚养；产生，引起 n.品种，种类TranslationUnemployment may breed violence and despair.Key失业会导致暴力事件和失望情绪。Para11.12 What if parents decided to clone a child in order to harvest organs?Most

23、 experts agree that it would be psychologically harmful if a child sensed he had been brought into the world simply as an organ donor. But some parents already produce second children with nonfatal transplants in mind, and many experts do not oppose this. Cloning would increase the chances for a tis

24、sue match from 25 percent to nearly 100 an n.（1）器官（2）机关，机构 （3）风琴Translation你愿意做器官捐献者吗？KeyAre you willing to be an organ donor?18.fatal a.（1）决定命运的，关键的 （2）致命的，毁灭性的TranslationHe committed a fatal mistake.Key他犯了一个无法挽回的错误。Para13 If cloned animals could be used as organ donors, we wouldnt ha

25、ve to worry about cloning twins for transplants. Pigs, for example, have organs similar in size to humans. But the human body attacks and destroys tissue from other species. To get around that, one company is trying to alter the pigs genetic code to prevent pig organs from being attacked. If the com

26、panys technicians succeed, it may be more efficient to produce such pigs by cloning than by current methods.19technician n.技术人员，技师技术人员，技师Translation这个年轻人是一名电脑技术员。KeyThe young man is a computer technician.Para14.15 How would a human clone refer to the donor of its DNA?Mom is not right, because the wo

27、man who supplied the egg and gave birth to the infant would more appropriately be called Mother. Dad isnt right, either. A traditional father supplies only half the DNA in a child. Judith Martin, in her writings under the name of Miss Manners, suggests the phrase, Most honored sir or madam. Why? One

28、 should always respect ones ancestors, she says, egardless of what they did to bring one into the 潷汲?Para16 That still leaves some confusion over vocabulary. The editorial director of one dictionary 慳獹琠慨?桴?潮湵尠 clonee may sound like a good term, but its not clear enough. Instead, he prefers original

29、and copy. 20.confusion n.（1）分辨不清，混淆（2）混乱状态，骚乱（3）困惑，迷惑21.edit v.（1）（为出版、广播等）编辑，剪辑（2）主编，编辑TranslationThey must have edited bits of the interview out.Key他们一定是把这次采访的一部分剪辑掉了。editorial a（1）编辑的，主编的 （2）社论的 n.（报刊的）社论，评论Para17.18.19 What are the other implications of cloning for society?The gravest concern is

30、nt really cloning itself, but genetic engineeringthe deliberate altering of genes to create human beings according to certain requirements. Specifically, some experts are concerned about the creation of a new (and disrespected) social class: he clones.One expert believes the situation could be comparable to what occurred in the 16th century, when Europeans puzzled