考研英语真题英语一阅读部分

1、 2006年 Text 1 In spite of“endless talk of difference,”American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is“the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference”characteristic of popular culture. People are absorbed into“a culture of con

2、sumption”launched by the 19th century department stores that offered“vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite”these were stores“anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic a

3、ct.”The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization. Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that todays immigration is nei

4、ther at unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of the population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices o

5、f assimilationlanguage, home ownership and intermarriage. The 1990 Census revealed that“a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke Englishwellorvery wellafter ten years of residence.”The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in Englis

6、h. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.”Hence the description of America as a“graveyard”for languages. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate am

7、ong native-born Americans. Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics“have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.-born whites and blacks.”By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians. Rodriguez notes th

8、at children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet“some Americans fear that immigrant living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nations assimilative power.” Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger

9、 in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against Americas turbulent past, todays social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment. 2006年 21.The word“homogenizing”(Line 1, Paragraph 1) most probably means_. A identifying

10、B associating C assimilating D monopolizing 22.According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century_. A played a role in the spread of popular culture B became intimate shops for common consumers C satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite D owed its emergence to the culture of cons

11、umption 23.The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S._. A are resistant to homogenization B exert a great influence on American culture C are hardly a threat to the common culture D constitute the majority of the population 24.Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragr

12、aph 5? A To prove their popularity around the world. B To reveal the publics fear of immigrants. C To give examples of successful immigrants. D To show the powerful influence of American culture. 25.In the authors opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is_. A rewarding B success

13、ful C fruitless D harmful 2006年 Text 2 Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industryWilliam Shakespearebut there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare M

14、emorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaways Cottage, Shakespeares birthplace and the other sights. The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They

15、 frankly dislike the RSCs actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. Its all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making. The tourist streams are not entirely separat

16、e. The sightseers who come by busand often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the sidedont usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers, the

17、 RSC contends, who bring in much of the towns revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall. The townsfolk dont see it this way and the local council does no

18、t contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, th

19、e Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive. Anyway, the townsfolk cant understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all ye

20、ar long and this year theyll do better.) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low. It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratfords most attractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays, not

21、 the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over)lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold t

22、o them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m. 2006年 26.From the first two paragraphs, we learn that_. A the townsfolk deny the RSCs contribution to the towns revenue B the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage C the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms D the townsfolk earn

23、 little from tourism 27.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that_. A the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately B the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers C the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers D the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theat

24、er 28.By saying“Stratford cries poor traditionally”(Line 2, Paragraph 4), the author implies that_. A Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects B Stratford has long been in financial difficulties C the town is not really short of money D the townsfolk used to be poorly paid 29.According to the

25、townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because_. A ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending B the company is financially ill-managed C the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable D the theatre attendance is on the rise 30.From the text we can conclude that the author_. A is suppor

26、tive of both sides B favors the townsfolks view C takes a detached attitude D is sympathetic to the RSC 2006年 Text 3 When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals: they suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growin

27、g animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans. That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked

28、 at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published i

29、n Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then. Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative. One rea

30、son for this is that fishing technology has improved. Todays vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than

31、 the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthe

32、rmore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now. Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into ac

33、count. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the“shifting baseline”. The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matt

34、ers because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business. 2006年 31.The extinction of large prehistoric animal

35、s is noted to suggest that _. A large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment B small species survived as large animals disappeared C large sea animals may face the same threat today D slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones 32.We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. Worms paper that _. A

36、 the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90% B there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago C the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount D the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old 33.By sayi

37、ng“these figures are conservative”(Line 1, Paragraph 3), Dr. Worm means that _. A fishing technology has improved rapidly B the catch sizes are actually smaller than recorded C the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss D the data collected so far are out of date 34.Dr. Myers and other researche

38、rs hold that _. A people should look for a baseline that can work for a longer time B fisheries should keep the yield below 50% of the biomass C the ocean biomass should be restored its original level D people should adjust the fishing baseline to the changing situation 35.The author seems to be mai

39、nly concerned with most fisheries _. A management efficiency B biomass level C catch-size limits D technological application 2006年 Text 4 Many things make people think artists are weird. But the weirdest may be this: artists only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones t

40、hat feel bad. This wasnt always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere from the 19th century onward, more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony or, worst of all, boring, as we went from Wordsworths daffodils to B

41、audelaires flowers of evil. You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen so much misery. But its not as if earlier times didnt know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much da

42、mn happiness in the world today. After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ide

43、al but an ideology. People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls we

44、re in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too. Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not religious but commercial, and forever happy. Fast-food eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all sm

45、iling, smiling, smiling. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And since these messages have an agendato lure us to open our walletsthey make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. “Celebrate!”commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we

46、found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks. But what we forgetwhat our economy depends on us forgettingis that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of ea

47、sy happiness, we need art to tell us as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in Its a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air. living with it. 2006年 36.By citin

48、g the examples of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the author intends to show that_. A poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music B art grows out of both positive and negative feelings C poets today are less skeptical of happiness D artists have changed their focus of interest 37.The wo

49、rd“bummer”(Line 4, Paragraph 5) most probably means something_. A religious B unpleasant C entertaining D commercial 38.In the authors opinion, advertising_. A emerges in the wake of the anti-happy art B is a cause of disappointment for the general public C replaces the church as a major source of i

50、nformation D creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself 39.We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes_. A happiness more often than not ends in sadness B the anti-happy art is distasteful but refreshing C misery should be enjoyed rather than denied D the anti-ha

51、ppy art flourishes when economy booms 40.Which of the following is true of the text? A Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery. B Art provides a balance between expectation and reality. C People feel disappointed at the realities of modern society. D Mass media are inclined to cover disaste

52、rs and deaths. 2006年 - 高氯酸对阿胶进行湿法消化后, 用导数火焰原子吸收光谱技术测定阿胶中的铜、“中药三大宝, 人参、鹿茸和阿胶。”阿胶的药用已有两千多年的悠久历史历代宫马作峰论疲劳源于肝脏J.广西中医药,2008,31(1):31.史丽萍马东明, 解丽芳等力竭性运动对小鼠肝脏超微结构及肝糖原、肌糖元含量的影响J. 辽宁中医杂志王辉武吴行明邓开蓉内经“肝者罢极之本”的临床价值J . 成都中医药大学学报,1997,20(2):9.杨维益陈家旭王天芳等运动性疲劳与中医肝脏的关系J.北京中医药大学学报. 1996,19(1):8.1 运动性疲劳与肝脏张俊明“高效强力饮”增强运动

53、机能的临床J中国运动医学杂志，1989，（）：10117 种水解蛋白氨基酸。总含量在56.73%82.03%。霍光华采用硝酸硫酸消化法和18（）：372-374.1995,206林华吕国枫官德正等. 衰竭运动小鼠肝损伤的实验性J.天津体育学院党报, 1994,9(4):9-11.凌家杰肝与运动性疲劳关系浅谈J.湖南中医学院学报.2003，（）31.凌家杰肝与运动性疲劳关系浅谈J.湖南中医学院学报2003，（）：1.谢敏豪等训练结合用中药补剂强力宝对小鼠游泳耐力与肌肉和肝Gn, LDH 和MDH 的影响J中国运动医学杂杨维益陈家旭王天芳等运动性疲劳与中医肝脏的关系J.北京中医药大学学报. 199

54、6,19(1):8.2.1中药复方2.2 单味药33 阿胶和复方阿胶浆常世和等参宝片对机体机能影响的J.中国运动医学杂志，991，10（）：49.聂晓莉，李晓勇等慢性疲劳大鼠模型的建立及其对肝功能的影响J. 热带医学杂志，2007,7(4)：323-325.3.1 概述3.2 关于阿胶和复方阿胶浆医疗保健作用的3.2.1 营养成分和评价3.2.2 阿胶的药理作用3.2.3 阿胶的临床应用 Xie MH, etalEffects of Hong jing tian she u on eproductive xis function and exercise capacities n men. T

55、he5周志宏等补肾益元方对运动小鼠抗疲劳能力的影响J.中国运动医学杂志，001，20（）：83-84202-204.5InternationalCourseandConferenceonPhysiologicalChemistrand Natrition of exercise and training (Abstract)6杨维益等中药复方“体复康”对运动性疲劳大鼠血乳酸、p 一内啡肤、亮氨酸及强啡肤l-13 影响的实验研。仙灵口服液可提高机体运动能力，加速运动后血乳酸的消除。F3 口服液能调整PCO2孙晓波等鹿茸精强壮作用的J.中药药理与临床，1987，（）：11.于庆海等高山红景天抗不良

56、刺激的药理J中药药理与临床，1995，（）：83.牛锐淫羊藿炮制前后对小鼠血浆睾丸酮及附近性器官的影响J中国中药杂志，1989,14(9):18P 0.05) 。肝脏是动物机体重要脏器之一,Pi，同疲），肝主筋，人之运动皆由于筋，故为罢极之本”。人体肝脏的功能活动也必阿胶, 味甘性平入肺、肝、肾经, 具有补血止血、滋阴润肺的功效。神农本阿胶又称驴皮胶为马科动物驴的皮去毛后熬制而成的胶块是中国医药宝库中阿胶、熟地配伍能使补而不滋腻, 共奏益气补血之功, 主要治疗各种原因导致的气血阿胶对细有促进作用；提示阿胶能提高机体免疫功能。另外阿胶具阿胶具有很好的止血作用，常用来治疗阴虚火旺、血脉受伤造成的出

57、血。比如，阿胶能治疗缺铁性贫血，再生障碍性贫血等贫血症状，阿胶对血小板减少，白细阿胶是一类明胶蛋白，经水解分离得到多种氨基酸，阿胶具有很多的药理作用和阿胶又称驴皮胶, 为马科动物驴的皮去毛后熬制而成的胶块。中药界有句口头禅阿胶中的营养成分比较多，主要有蛋白质、多肽、氨基酸、金属元素、硫酸皮肤。把阿胶应用于运动员或人群中的实践应用性，具有很大的潜力和市场前景，白血病、鼻咽癌、食道癌、肺癌、乳腺癌等。阿胶不温不燥，老少皆宜，一年四季均伴随现代竞技体育的强度越来越大，运动员在大运动量训练后出现的各种疲劳征象，胞减少等症也具有效果明显效果；另外，经配伍，阿胶可用来治疗多种出血症。医学保健作用，阿胶具有

58、耐缺氧、耐寒冷、抗疲劳和增强免疫功能作用；同时，阿胶具有本文的目的意义有以下两个方面：一是通过阿胶的抗疲劳能力，来进一本以运动性疲劳相关症状明显的篮球运动员为对象，以谷丙转氨酶、谷表明，阿胶还用于治疗妊娠期胎动不安，先兆流产习惯性流产等。对于月经病步了解运动员服用阿胶以后，不但能够使男女运动员的谷草转氨酶含量水平、谷丙转参促进人体对糖原和三磷酸腺苷等能源物质的合理利用, 并使剧烈运动时产生的乳草经将其列为上品。本草纲目载阿胶“疗吐血衄血血淋尿血, 肠风下痢, 女草转氨酶、谷酰转肽酶、总胆红素、白蛋白和白蛋白球蛋白含量水平为测定指标，产生运动。从中医学的观点来看，筋就是聚集在一起的肌肉束，膜是筋

59、的延长和扩布；常所说的肌腱和韧带等器官，韧带和肌腱坚韧有力。通过韧带和肌腱伸缩牵拉骨骼肌充在筋”, 也就说明了筋的功能受到肝脏的调节, 所以, 医家大多从筋与肝相关的角除运动后的疲劳, 已经成为运动医学领域的热点而中医药在改善、消除运动性促进肌肉和肝脏有氧氧化能力的作用。红景天圣露能促进机体运动后的恢复和消除促进血液凝固和抗贫血作用，有提高血红蛋白红细胞，白细胞和血小板的作用。到影响。的变化, 主要表现为部分肝细胞破裂, 内容物进入窦状隙, 未受损的肝细胞糖原明的核心问题之一也是运动训练学所要克服的核心问题之一, 疲劳是机体的一的滋补类药品；因始产于聊城东阿，故名阿胶，距今已有两千多年的生产历

60、史；最早低分子肽含量分别是5%45、10.97%13.18% 。霍光华采用标准水解法和氨基低运动后血清尿素氮含量；加速体内尿素氮及血乳酸的清除速率；提高小鼠的游泳点、“肝之合筋”的观点、“肝者其充在筋”的观点、“食气入胃散精于肝淫气于动领域的广泛应用。动性疲劳关系最为密切者当首推肝脏。动性疲劳后机体恢复作用和机制的十分活跃。动员和贮备，以及机体对运动刺激的适应和运动后的疲劳的恢复起到重要的促进作用度阐述肝与疲劳的关系, 其实肝尚可通过脏腑气血等多个途径影响疲劳感的产生和度的DS 标准液, 加适量天青试液, 36nm 处测定吸收值建立工作曲线回归方程。对于运动产生的机理, 中医学解释比较通俗易懂