2015年高考英语真题分项解析：专题15+社会生活、说理议论类

1、专题十五阅读理解之社会生活、说理议论类1.【 2015 湖北卷】 A“ I see you ve got a bit of water on your coat,” said the man at the petrol station.out there?”“ No, it s pretty nice,” I replied, checking my sleeve.马驹 ) bit“meOh, right. A pony(earlier.”As it happened, the bite was virtuallypainless: more the kind of small bite yo

2、u might getfrom a naughty child. The pony responsible was queuing up for some ice cream in the car parknear Haytor, and perhaps thought I d jumped in ahead of him.The reason why the ponies here are naughty is that Haytor is a tourist-heavy area and touristsare constantly feeding the ponies foods, de

3、spite sighs asking them not to. By feeding the ponies, tourists increase the risk of them getting hit by a car, and make them harder to gather during the area s annual pony drift(迁移 ).The purpose of a pony drift is to gather them up so their health can be checked, the baby onescan be stooped from fe

4、eding on their mother s milk, and those who ve gone beyond their limitedarea can be returned to their correct area. Some of them are also later sold, in order to limit the number of ponies according to the rules set by Natural England.Three weeks ago, I witnessed a small near-disaster a few mils wes

5、t of here. While walking, Inoticed a pony roll over o n his back.“ Hello!” I said to him, assuming he was just rolling for fun,but he was very still and, as I got closer, I saw him kicking his legs in the air and breathing heavily.I began to properly worry about him. Fortunately, I managed to get in

6、 touch with a Dartmoor sLivestock Protection officer and send her a photo. The officer immediately sent a local farmer outto check on the pony. The pony had actually been trapped between two rocks. The farmer freedhim, and he began to run happily around again.Dartmoor has 1,000 or so ponies, who pla

7、y a critical role in creating the diversity of speciesin this area. Many people are working hard to preserve these ponies, and trying to come up withplans to find a sustainable(可持续的 ) future for one of Dartmoor mosts financially-troubledelements.51.Why are tourists asked not to feed the ponies?A. To

8、 protect the tourists from being bitten1B. To keep the ponies off the petrol stationC. To avoid putting the ponies in dangerD. To prevent the ponies from fighting52.One of the purposes of the annual pony drift is _.A. to feed baby ponies on milkB. to control the number of poniesC. to expand the habi

9、tat for poniesD. to sell the ponies at a good price53.What as the author s first reaction when aheponysaw roll on its back?A. He freed it from the trapB. He called a protection officerC. He worried about it very muchD. He thought of it as being naughty54.What does the author imply about the preserva

10、tion of Dartmoor s ponies?A. It lacks peoplevolvementsin.B. It costs a large amount of moneyC. It will affect tourism in Dartmoor.D. It has caused an imbalance of species2【考点定位】夹叙夹议文阅读【名师点睛】 夹叙夹议文是近几年高考经常涉及的一类文体，文章一方面叙述事情， 另一方面又对事情加以评论，此类文章一般先提出论点，然后以事例说明论点，最后得出结论，或者一边叙述事情经过， 一边对事情加以分析评论， 文章最后一段用一句概

11、括性的话点明主题，将叙述和议论有机地结合起来，其中“叙”是“议”的基础，“议”是“叙”的渗透和延伸。考生要注意在通读全文的基础上弄清文章结构，阅读时重点要放在议论部分， 因为该部分表达了作者的观点或看法， 是文章的精髓。 理解了作者的观点和看法， 也就把握了全文的主要内容。本文难度不大， 通过作者与小马的“亲密接触”介绍了英国达特穆尔荒原淘气的矮种马，散发出浓浓的英伦风。2.【 2015 湖北卷】 CHilversum is a medium-sized city between the major cities of Amsterdam and Utrecht in theGooi area

12、 of North Holland,the Netherlands. Unlike most of the Netherlands, Hilversumisactually in a hillyarea withthe soil mostlyconsisting ofsand. Once called the GardenofAmsterdam, it stillattracts travelers to come over to cycleand walk through the surroundingforests. They visit it for a relaxing day off

13、 from the urban madness. For Dutch people, Hilversumis all about textile ( 纺织 ) and media industries, and modern architecture.3In history, Hilversum was largely an agricultural area. Dailylife was marked by farming,sheep raising and wool production. A railway link to Amsterdam in 1874 attracted rich

14、 tradersfromAmsterdamto Hilversum.They buildthemselves large villas( 别墅 ) in the woodedsurroundings of the town. One of the families moving in was the Brenninkmeijers, currently the wealthiest family of the Netherlands. They moved in after big success in the textile industry andaided a substantial t

15、extile industry in Hilversum. But the textile boom lasted only several decades.The last factory closed in the 1960s.The change to a media economy started in 1920, when the Nederlandse Seintoestedllen Fabriek (NSF) established a radio factory in Hiversum. Most radio stations called in the large villa

16、s in the leafy areas of the town. Television gave another push to the local economy. Hilversumbecame the media capital of the Netherlands, and Dutch televison stars moved into the leafy neighborhoods surrounding the town.In the early 1900s, modern architcts W.M. Dudokand J. Duikerplaced hundreds ofr

17、emarkable buildings in Hilversum. These modern architectural masterpieces (杰作 ) are so manythat Hilversumalmost feels like an open airmuseum. Dudok alone shaped most 20th centuryHilversum and approximately 75 buildings in1928-1931.It has wide international fame and isincluded in many architecture te

18、xtbooks. Thebuilding hasa remarkable shape and looks like acombination of“ blocks ” . Actually, one may start his journey of modern architecture by walking orbiking the W.M. Dudok Architectural Route in Hilversum.59.Hilversum is different from most of the Netherlands in that _.A. it has a large popu

19、lationB. it is cut off from big citiesC. it has many beautiful gardensD. it is in a hilly area with sandy soil60.What was the greatest contribution of the Brenninkmeijers to Hilversum?A. Building a railway link to AmsterdamB. Helping its textile industry to developC. Constructing large villas for th

20、e poorD. Assisting its agricultural industry61.The beginning of the media industry in Hilversum was marked by the establishment of _.4A. a radio factoryB. the medial capitalC. a radio stationD. a TV station62.What is known about W.M. Dudok s Hilversum Town Hall?A. It consists of approximately 75 bui

21、ldingsB. It looks like an open air museum in the cityC. It is a classic example in architecture textbooksD. It has shaped most of 20th century Hilvesum.【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇说明文。介绍了荷兰Hilversum 这一地区的地貌特征、工业发展和现代建筑。59. D 细节理解题。根据首段第二句“Unlike most of the Netherlands, Hilversum is actually ahilly area”可知 Hilver

22、sum 不同于荷兰其他地方之处在于它属于沙土丘陵地带。故选 D 项。60.B 细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第三句“ They moved in after big success in the textile industry and aided a substantial textile industry in Hilversum ”可知 Brennikmeijers 为 Hilversum的纺织业做出了巨大的贡献。故选B 项。61.A 细节理解题。根据第三段首句“The change to a media economy started in 1920,established a radio

23、 factory in Hilversum ”可知 Hilversum 传媒业兴起的兴起是以一家无线电厂的建立为标志的。故选A 项。62.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段倒数第三、四句“His master pieceIt has wide internationalfame and is included in many architecture textbooks ”可知 W. M. Dudok s Hilversum Town Hall是建筑教科书中的一个典范。故选C 项。【考点定位】说明文阅读【名师点睛】 说明文用平实的语言客观地解释或探讨各种问题，如机器的制造过程、自然或社会现象产生的原

24、因、工程项目的规划或问题的解决方案等，介绍自然科学、 社会科学领域的最新成果， 社会经济发展过程中出现的新生事物等。本文虽短短几段，却囊括了荷兰小镇Hilversum的前世今生，把一个不怎么出名的小城栩栩如生地呈现在中国读者的眼前。3.【 2015 湖北卷】 EScience has a lot of uses. It can uncover laws of nature, cure diseases, make bombs, and help5bridges to stand up. Indeed science is so good a t what it does that there

25、s always a temptation(诱惑) to drag it into problems where it may not be helpful. David Brooks, author of The Social Animal: The Hidden Sources of Love, Character,and Achievement, appears to be the latest in a long line of writers who have failed to resist the temptation.Brooks gained fame for several

26、 books. His latest book The Social Animal, however, is more ambitious and serious than his earlier books. It is an attempt to deal with a set of weighty topics. The book focuses on big questions: What has science revealed about human nature? What are thesources of character? And why are some people

27、happy and successful while others aren t?To answer these questions, Brooks surveys a wide range of disciplines （学科） . Consideringthis, you might expect the book to be a dry recitation of facts. But Brooks has structured his bookin an unorthodox( 非常规的 ), and perhaps unfortunate, way. Instead of intro

28、ducingscientifictheories, he tells a story, within which he triesto make his points, perhaps in order to keep thereader s attention.So as Harold and Erica, the hero and heroine in his story, live through childhood, we hear about the science of child development and as they begin to date we hear abou

29、t the theory of sexual attraction. Brooks carries this through to the death of one of his characters.On the whole,Brooks s story is accleptabifuninspired. As one would expect, his writing ismostly clear and, to be fair, some chapters stand out above the rest. I enjoyed, for instance, the chapter in

30、which Harold discovers how to think on his own. While Harold and Erica are certainlynot strong or memorable characters, the more serious problems withThe Social Animallieelsewhere. These problems partly involve Brooksempt to translatte his tale into science.67.The author mentions the functions of sc

31、ience at the beginning of the passage to_.A. illustrate where science can be appliedB. demonstrate the value of Brooks s new bookC. remind the reader of the importance of scienceD. explain why many writers use science in their works68.According to the author, which of the following could be a streng

32、th of the book?A. Its strong basis.B. Its convincing points.C. Its clear writing.D. Its memorable characters.669.What is the author s general attitude towards the book?A. Contradictory.B. Supportive.C . Cautious.D. Critical.70.What is the author likely to write about after the last paragraph?A. Prob

33、lems with the book.B. Brooks s life experience.C. Death of the characters.D. Brooks s translation skills.【解析】试题分析： 本文是一篇议论文。文章先列举出科学的许多功能，接着指出科学有巨大的诱惑力，以致许多作家抵挡不住这种诱惑，在文学作品中运用到科学。并以Brooks 的新书Thesocial animal 为例，批判地分析这本书的优势和不足。67.D 写作用意题。首段第一、二句首先列举出科学的许多功能，接着指出科学有巨大的诱惑力，以致许多作家抵挡不住这种诱惑，在文学作品中运用到科学。故选

34、D 项。68.C 推理判断题。 根据最后一段中“ , his writing is mostly clear and , to be fair, some chaptersstand out above the rest. I enjoyed,可知作者认 为写”作思路清晰是这本书的一大优势。故选C 项。69.D 观点态度题。最后一段中的链接词“ while之”前是这本书的优势，其后作者指出了其不足。因此作者对这部书持批判的态度。故选D 项。70. A 篇章结构题。文章最后一段中链接词“ while后”面部分开始谈论这本书存在的问题。因此紧接着作者应该还是在写这本的不足。故选A 项。【考点定位】

35、议论文阅读【名师点睛】议论说理类文章具有以下特点：1一般按提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的方法写作。 作者一般从日常生活中的热点问题、社会上的重大问题、 与读者息息相关的问题入手，即提出问题。 然后， 分析利弊，举例说明，推理判断， 即分析问题。最后， 阐述观点，提出办法， 即解决问题。 2以作者的观点或情感为核心， 对细节推理等方面进行考查。 3文章的主题一般是生活中的热点问题、 重大问题或与生活息息相关的问题等。 考生应注意抓住作者提出的观点、给出的例证及最后得出的结论。同时， 理清作为论据的诸多事例和理由之7间以及它们和观点/ 结论之间的内在联系，把握文章的结构。4.【 2015 北京卷】

36、 DTechnological change is everywhere and affects every aspect of life, mostly for the better. However, social changes are brought about by new technology are often mistaken for a change in attitudes.An example at hand is the involvement of parents in the lives of their children who are attendingcoll

37、ege. Surveys ( 调查 ) on this topic suggests that parents today continue to be“ very ” or“ somewhat ” overly-protective even after their children move into college dormitories. The same surveys also indicate that the rate of parental involvement is greater today than it was a generationago. This is us

38、ually interpreted as a sign that today s parents are trying to manage their childrenlives past the point where this behavior is appropriate.However, greater parental involvement does not necessarily indicate that parents are failing to letgo of their“ adult” children.In the context ( 背景 ) of this di

39、scussion, it seems valuable to first find out the cause of change inthe case of parents involvement with their grown children. If parents of earlier generations hadwanted to be in touch with their college-age children frequently, would this have been possible?Probably not. On the other hand, does th

40、e possibility of frequent communication today mean thatthe urge to do so wasn t present a generation ago? Many studies show that older- parentstoday sgrandparents - would have called their children more often if the means and cost of doing so hadnot been a barrier.Furthermore, studies show that fina

41、nces are the most frequent subject of communication between parents and their college children. The fact that college students are financially dependent on their parents is nothing new; nor are requests for more money to be sent from home. This phenomenon is neither good nor bad; it is a fact of col

42、lege life, today and in the past.Thanks to the advanced technology, we live in an age of bettered communication. This has manyimplications well beyondthe role that parents seem to play in the lives of their children who have left for college. But it is useful to bear in mind that all such changes co

43、me from the technology and not some imagined desire by parents to keep their children under their wings.67. The surveys inform us of _. A. the development of technology8B. the changes of adult children s behaviorC. the parents-provertection of their college childrenD. the means and expenses of stude

44、nts communication68. The writer believes that _.A. parents today are more protective than those in the pastB. the disadvantages of new technology outweigh itsadvantagesC. technology explains greater parental involvement with theirchildrenD. parents changed attitudes lead to college children s delaye

45、dindependence69. What is the best title for the passage? A. Technology or AttitudeB. Dependence or IndependenceC. Family Influence or Social ChangesD. College Management or Communication Advancement70. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in this passage?【解析】试题分析： 以父母对于上大学的成年子女过度保护的

46、问题为例，提出了科技带来的一些改变容易被误认为态度的改变的论点。967.C 细节理解题。 答案在第二段第二句话，parents today continues to be“ very ” or“ somewhat ”overly- protective even after their children move into college dormitories调查显示现在的父母在”孩子上大学之后仍然非常或者某种程度上地过度保护子女。故选C。68.C 观点态度题。第三段作者提出调查的结果并不能理解为现在的家长对孩子不放手，接下来的两段作者论述了出现这种结果的真正原因是科技的发展使得交流手段更丰

47、富，成本更低廉。见第四段最后一句“Many studies show that older parentstoday s grandparentswould have called their children more often if the means and cost of doing so had not been a barrier。最后一段更是再次强调了这种观点。故选C。69.A 主旨大意题。由第一段第二句话得出。这种科技的改变容易被误认为态度的改变。第2-5 段讨论到底是科技还是态度的改变。第6 段再次明确表示是科技的改变。故选A 。70.B 文章结构题。文章第一段是intro

48、duction ，第二段是第一个论点，指出父母在子女生活中参与度提高的现象。第三段是第二个论点(关键词 However) ，指出通过调查并不能推断出父母未能对子女放手，分论点一是科技的进步导致父母对子女生活更多的参与，分论点二 (关键词 Furthermore) 是子女经济不独立导致父母对子女生活的过多参与。最后一段总结。故选B。【考点定位】议论文类阅读【名师点睛】要想读懂议论文、理解作者的写作意图，关键在于是否能够把握议论文的三要素。 首先，论点是作者对所论述事件的基本看法和立场，找准论点有助于把握文章的整体方向和理解文章主题的深层内涵；理清论据材料的内容能够帮助读者更深层次地理解论点的含义

49、；论据是作者组织、运用论据的手法。5.【 2015 北京】 DFreedom and ResponsibilityFreedoms challenge in the Digital Age is a serious topic. We are facing today a strange newworld and we are all wondering what we are going to do with it.Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom. Before that there was no freedom. Therewe

50、re great civilizations, splendid empires, but no freedom anywhere. Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies, one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses.In Greece, in Athens ( 雅典 ), a little city in a little country, there were no helpless masses.And Athenians willingly obeyed the written laws wh

51、ich they themselves passed, and the unwritten, which must be obeyed if free men live together. They must show each other kindness and pity and10the many qualities without which life would be very painful unless one chose to live alone in the desert.The Athenians never thought that a man was free if

52、he could do what he wanted. A man was free if he was self-controlled. To make yourself obey what you approved was freedom. They weresaved from looking at their lives as their own private affair. Each one felt responsible for the welfare of Athens, not because it was forced on him from the outside, b

53、ut because the city was his pride and his safety. The essential belief of the first free government in the world was liberty forall men who could control themselves and would take responsibility for the state.But discovering freedom is not like discovering computers. It cannot be discovered once for

54、 all. If people do not prize it, and work for it, it will go. Constant watch is its price. Athens changed. It was a change that took place without being noticed though it was of the extreme importance, aspiritual change which affected the whole state. It had been the Athenian s pride and joy to give to their city. T