高中英语人教版必修三 Unit 1 课文内容部分

1、必修三 Unit 1 课文内容部分1. At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months.主从复合句，if引导条件状语从句，从句中的food was difficult to find是“主语+be+adj. (for sb.)+to do”句型。 “主语+be+adj.+(for sb.)+to do”句型该句型是一个常用句型，其用法为： 此中形容词多为表示主语性质、特征的词。常见的有easy, difficult, hard, im

2、portant, impossible, interesting, pleasant, nice, comfortable, dangerous, cheap, heavy等。 不定式中的动词和句子的主语之前存在逻辑上的动宾关系，但不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。 不定式有时会带上自己的逻辑主语，并用for引出。 若不定式中的动词是不及物动词，其后要加上结构或含义所需的介词。The problem is very hard for me to solve.The box is too heavy for the boy to carry.The room is really pleasant t

3、o live in.练习： 用括号内词的适当形式填空 This novel is interesting _ (read). The lecture was hard for them _ (understand); they all felt sleepy. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _ (breathe). 单句改错 As far as I know, the young man is hard to get along. The bed is comfortable to slee

4、p.2. On this important feast day, people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with “bones”on them.本句为简单句，句中with “bones” on them为with的符合结构，在此结构中，介词短语on them做宾补。 with复合结构with复合结构，即“with+宾语+宾补”结构，在句中常做定语或状语，作宾补的可以是现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式、介词短语、形容词、副词等。其常见形式如下： with+宾语+现在分词The students are listening to the

5、teacher with their eyes looking at the blackboard. (作伴随状语) with+宾语+过去分词With his hair cut, he looked much younger. (原因状语) with+宾语+不定式。切记：不定式通常都用主动形式With a lot of work to do, he wasnt allowed to go out. (原因状语) with+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语 (表状态)The old man fell asleep with the light on. (伴随状语)The teacher came i

6、n with a book in his hand. (伴随状语)练习： 语法填空 I cant imagine how he finished the relay race, with his foot _ (wound) so seriously. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _ (finish), he gladly accepted it. 句型转换 The children came running towards us and held some flowers in their hands. T

7、he children came running towards us _. There is an exam to take tomorrow, so I couldnt go to the cinema tonight. _ tomorrow, I couldnt go to the cinema tonight.3. The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow.该句中covered with cherry tree flowers是过去分词短语作定语

8、，相当于定语从句which was covered with cherry tree flowers; looks后面是as though引导的表语从句。 as though引导从句的用法as though意为“似乎，好像”，可以引导表语从句和方式状语从句。其意义和用法与as if相同。 引导表语从句，常置于系动词look, seem, sound, feel, smell等之后。It looks as if it is going to rain.It looks as though you are ill today. 引导方式状语从句，用来修饰主语的谓语。He opened his mo

9、uth as if he would say something.She looked at me as if she hadnt seen me before. as if/though引导的从句有时可用省略形式，此时as if/though之后可以接形容词、不定式、分词或介词短语等。She stood at the door as if (she was) waiting for someone. as if/though从句的语气： 当从句所表示的情况有明显的依据或实现的可能性较大，那么从句就用陈述语气； 如果从句所表示的情况没有依据，只是表达一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测，那么就用虚拟语气

10、。以下为虚拟情况：“as if/though”从句表示虚拟虚拟情况从句时态与现在事实相反一般过去时（be动词一律用were）与过去事实相反过去完成时与将来事实相反should/would/could/might + 动词原形 He talks as if he knew everything about it. He acted as if nothing had happened. She talks and talks as if she would never stop. 练习： It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking

11、to me as if I _ (do) it? Dont handle the vase as if it _ (be) made of steel. The two strangers talked as though they _ (be) friends for years. From time to time Jason turned round as if _ (search) for someone.4. Christmas actually started as a religious festival celebrated by Christians around the w

12、orld.过去分词短语celebrated by Christians around the world在此句中作后置定语，修饰a religious festival, celebrate与a religious festival之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。 过去分词（短语）作定语 位置：单个过去分词作定语时，通常放在所修饰词之前；过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在所修饰词之后。This is a used stamp.The concert held by their friends was a great success. 时态/语态特点：及物动词的过去分词可表示被动和动作已完成；不及物动词的过

13、去分词只表示动词已完成。He likes the gift bought by his father.They are sweeping the fallen leaves. 拓展性：过去分词短语作后置定语时常可拓展为相对应的定语从句。Is this the book recommended by the teacher?= Is this the book which was recommended by the teacher? 辨析比较 过去分词、现在分词及动词不定式作定语时的区别语法形式语态及时间意义过去分词作定语done常表示被动或动作已完成。现在分词作定语doing表示主动和动作正

14、在进行，也可以表示现在（当时）的状态。They lived in a room facing the south.being done表示被动和动作正在进行。The problem being discussed at the meeting is very important.不定式作定语to do表示动作将要发生。He has a lot of work to do today.to be done表示被动和动作将要发生。The problem to be discussed at the meeting is very important.练习： 用所给动词的适当形式填空 You can

15、not accept an opinion _ (offer) to you unless it is based n facts. Do you know the young man _ (talk) to our English teacher now? Listen! The song _ (sing) is very popular with the students. 完成句子 The building _ (正在修建的) now is our library. The building _ (去年修建的) is our library. The building _ (明年要修建的

16、) is our library.5. It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave. It is/was obvious that . 该句型意为“显然；显而易见”，相当于it is/was apparent/clear that.或Obviously, .。 It在此作形式主语，真正的主语是that从句，that只起连接作用，无任何意义但不能省略。Its obvious that everyone likes her lessons.= Obviously, every

17、one likes her lessons. obvious后面也可街to sb.，构句型：it is/was obvious to sb.that. (在某人看来是显而易见的)。It is obvious to us that he didnt do it himself. 特别提醒It is/was obvious (to sb.) that. 可以转化为含有what引导的主语从句的主从复合句或含有which引导的定语从句的主从复合句。It is obvious to us that he is lying.= What is obvious to us is that he is lyi

18、ng.= He is lying, which is obvious to us.练习：句型转换It is obvious to everyone that the child has been badly treated. The child has been badly treated, _. (定语从句) _ is that the child has been badly treated. (主语从句)6. While she was on earth she met the herd boy Niulang and they fell in love. while做连词的用法 作从属

19、连词，引导时间状语从句，以为“当的时候”，从句谓语动词应使用延续性动词。Dont talk while youre eating.While you are young, you should learn more knowledge. 作从属连词，引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然”，从句常位于句首。While it was very late, he still went on working. 作并列连词，表示对比，意为“而，然而”，用来连接两个并列分句。I like singing while she likes dancing. 特别提醒When引导时间状语从句时，从句的谓语既可以是延续性

20、动词，也可以是短暂性动词。当时间状语从句中的谓语动词是延续性动词是，when和while可以互换。Sorry, I was out when you called me.While/When we were talking, the teacher came in.7. Ive been waiting for you for a long time! 现在完成进行时现在完成进行时有以下几种用法： 表示一个从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作。这个动作可能刚刚停止，也可能继续下去。此时，谓语动词多为延续性动词。She has been teaching French since she grad

21、uated.I have been waiting for an hour, but she hasnt come yet. 表示从过去某时开始到现在的某一段时间内反复发生的动作。Shes been saying that twenty times. 表示某种感情色彩。You have been daydreaming but make no efforts. 特别提醒 现在完成时表示动作已完成，强调结果；现在完成进行时表示动作的进行，强调动作的持续性。如：I have written a book. (书已经写完)I have been writing a book. (我正在写一本书，动作

22、还有可能持续) 短暂性动词（短语），如finish, marry, get up, see, go等可以用完成时，但不可以用完成进行时。I have seen the film.练习：用括号内动词的适当形式填空 I _ (read) this book for two hours, but I havent finished it. I _ (see) her before, but I cannot remember where I saw her. She _ (do) the cleaning all day, but it seems that she cant finish it u

23、ntil this evening. “Oh, no! Were too late. The train _ (leave). “ “Thats OK. Well catch the next train to London.”情态动词：情态动词有以下特征：1. 有一定的词义，但不可以单独作谓语使用，它们要和动词原形一起构成谓语部分。2. 情态动词没有人称和数的变化，但有一些情态动词，如can, will, dare有一般过去时的变化，have to主语是第三人称单数时要用has to.考点1 can与could1. 表示能力，意为“能，会”。此时could是can的过去式。I can spe

24、ak French, but I cant speak Japanese.They can use the computer now, but they couldnt last year.2. 表示请求或许可（在疑问句中表示“请求”，在陈述句中表示“许可”），常译为“可以”。表示“请求”时用can和could都可，could的语气更委婉，此时could不是can的过去式。表示“许可”时通常用can/may，不用could.- Could/Can I use your pen?- Of course, you can/may.- Could/Can I go home now?- Yes, y

25、ou can/may.3. 表示对现在或过去情况的推测，意为“可能”。但can表示推测时，往往用于否定句与疑问句中。Could可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句中。- Can/Could she be in the classroom now?- No, she cant/couldnt.Can/Could what he said be true?We could go there this summer.4. 用于肯定的陈述句中，表示理论上的可能性，也可以表示一时的情况。It can get very hot here.Even experienced teachers can make mis

26、takes.She can be very unpleasant. 此点中，若要表示“具体的某一件事情会发生”，则使用may或might来表示。Peter may come to the club with us tonight.5. 用于疑问句、否定句或感叹句中，表示推测、惊异、怀疑或不相信等态度。This cant be done by him.What can he be doing at this time?How can you be so foolish! 归纳拓展 cant/couldnt have done意为“不可能做了某事”，表示对过去情况进行否定的推测。I saw him

27、 just now. He cant/couldnt have gone to Beijing. could have done即可表示对过去情况的肯定推测，也可表示“过去本可以做某事（但实际上未做）”。He could have already arrived in Beijing.He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 辨析比较 can/be able to can只有现在式和过去式，而be able to则有更多的形式。Will you be able to come?Im sorry I havent been a

28、ble to answer your letter in time. can一般指自身具有的能力，而be able to则表示经过努力后所具有的能力，相当于manage to do。The young man cant carry the big box.This time I failed in the exam, but Ill be able to pass the exam next time. 在否定结构中，was/were able to与could没有区别。She ran fast but she couldnt/wasnt able to catch the bus.真题链接：

29、 It _ be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words. A. may B. couldnt C. should D. neednt Why are your eyes so red? You _ have slept well last night. Yeah, I stayed up late writing a report. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. wont 考点2 may和might1. 表示请求或许可（

30、在疑问句中表示“请求”，在陈述句中表示“许可”），常译为“可以”。表示请求是，might比may的语气更委婉，类似于could/can。一般疑问句的肯定回答用may/can，否定回答要用mustnt/cant，表示“不可以”。You may keep the book for two weeks.May/Might I have a word with you? May I watch TV after supper? Yes, you may/can. / No, you mustnt/cant.2. 表示对现在、将来或过去情况的推测，多用于肯定句或否定句中。may not表示“可能不”之意

31、；might比may可能性更小。I think he may/might come tomorrow.Today is Sunday. She may not be in the office. 归纳拓展 may/might have done即可以表示对过去情况的推测，又可以表示“本可能做某事（而实际上未做）”，含有责备或惋惜的语气。Mary might have learned some Chinese before.He might have given you a hand, but he was too busy.3. may常用语祈使句中，表示祝愿。May you succeed!

32、May your dream come true.真题链接： Life is unpredictable; even the poorest _ become the richest. A. shall B. must C. need D. might I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official. How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone _ it. A. will have stolen B. might have s

33、tolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen May I take this book out of the reading room? No, you _. You read it in here. A. mightnt B. wont C. neednt D. mustnt考点3 will和would1. 表示意志、意愿和决心。用于各种人称，will指现在，would指过去。I will never do that again.She said she would help me do the housework.2. 表示请求。用于第二人

34、称的疑问句中，would比will语气更加委婉。一般疑问句的肯定回答通常用will。Will you hand me that book?Would you please give me a hand?3. 表示一种习惯、倾向或者趋势等，意为“总会，总是”。Will指现在，would指过去。I will go to see my grandma on weekends.My father would have a walk after supper. 辨析比较区别1Would表示过去习惯性的动作，不表示状态。Used to可表示习惯性的动作或状态。区别2Would所表示的过去习惯性动作现在依然

35、可能存在。Used to表示的过去经常性或习惯性的动作或状态现在已不复存在。I would go to the library when I was free.People used to believe that the earth is flat.Father used not to be so forgetful.真题链接：Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but _ say where he was.A. mustnt B. shouldnt C. wouldnt D. mightnt考点4 shall和sho

36、uld1. shall的用法 用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示征求对方意见或向对方请示。Shall we go swimming this afternoon?Shall she go now? 用于第二、第三人称的陈述句中，表示命令、警告、允诺或威胁等。You shall have the book when I finish reading it.You shall regret for what youre doing now.You shall be punished sooner or later.All of you shall get here before 6:00 tomor

37、row morning. 用于条约、规章、法令等文件中表示义务或规定，一般用于第三人称且用于陈述句，意为“应该，必须”。No person shall carry a mobile phone into the examination room during the College Entrance Examination.真题链接： I havent got the reference book yet, but Ill have a test on the subject next month. Dont worry. You _ have it by Friday.A. could B.

38、 shall C. must D. may2. should的用法 表示责任、义务，意为“应该”。She should look after her child well.We should respect our parents. 表示劝告、建议。You should learn from each other.We should be strict with ourselves. 表示按常理和常规进行的推测，意为“按理应该”。They should be there now.Dinner should be ready now. 表示惊讶、意外等情绪，意为“竟然”。Why should you come so late today?The man should be so rude to a lady. 在条件状语从句中，should表示“万一”，既可以表示不能实现的假设，又可表示可以实现的假设。If you should change your mind, d