概要写作 2017.11 maggie

1、How to Write a Summary新材料作文新材料作文-概括指导概括指导How to write a summary of narration Learning aim: To further master the methods and skills of writing summaries of narrative passages Difficult point: How to write an exact summary without leaving out key points女孩睡前戴耳机听歌，第二天却再也没能醒过来！女孩睡前戴耳机听歌，第二天却再也没能醒过来！ 你有经

2、常戴耳机听歌的习惯吗？19岁女孩Gabrielle Samuels与男友通完电话后，躺在床上用耳机听音乐，但第二天，家人发现Gabrielle Samuels一直迟迟没有起床。 推开她的房间门，就闻到一股焦味，家人们看到Gabrielle Samuels奄奄一息的躺在床上。她全身都是血迹和烧焦的痕迹，不知道经历了什么。 等警方赶到，Gabrielle Samuels已经死亡。调查结果显示，她当晚听音乐时手机同时在充电，充电器接头短路，强大电流瞬间从耳机灌入女孩头部。女孩的死让家人很伤心，这本来是可以避免的悲剧。很多人喜欢在电子产品充电时仍继续使用，这样直接就把你手中的电子产品变成有致命威胁的危

3、险品。Event in generalEvent in _ of the eventdetailReasonStructureRetell the event in general Retell the event in detail Conclude the reason/influenceof the eventSentenceHow to use oneto tell a story?SentenceWhat should we write in theWhat does consist ofstorya ?讲故事 有座山 从前讲故事从前有座山。山上有座庙。庙里有个和尚，他每天挑水喝讲故

4、事从前有座山。山上有座庙。庙里有个和尚，他每天挑水喝从前山上庙里和尚挑水喝What do these words tell you in the story?从前山上庙里和尚What do these words tell you in the story?whenwherewherewhowhat挑水喝whenwherewhowhatwhyhowstoryWhich two are the most important?ElementsofWhats the use of these elements to our writing?whenwherewhowhatwhyhow从前山上庙里和尚

5、挑水喝They help us tell the story in short. Whats the use of these elements to our writing?Pick proper elements to write a sentence for each paragraph.whenwherewho whatwhy how1. shut down2. fine3. complain4. overcharge5. threaten6. staff6.checkout7. netizens8. due9. relevant10. stand by11. investigate1

6、2.authority13.illegal14.severelyShut downClose downfinecomplainoverchargedthreatento say that you will cause someone harm or trouble if they do not what you wantstaffthe people who work for an organization to charge someone too much money for somethingto say that you are unhappy about somethingmoney

7、 that have to pay as a punishmentcheckoutnetizensrelevantStand byinvestigateauthority相关的相关的support调查调查government网民网民结账台结账台illegalseverely违法的违法的seriously Recently , a wild fish restaurant was ordered to shut downIn Harbin, northeast Chinas Heilongjiang Province. As a result , the owner of the restaur

8、ant faced a fine of 500,000 yuan. ChenYan, a tourist from Changzhou , east Chinas JiangSu Province , complained online on February 12 that he was overcharged 10,000 yuan for three big fish at a local wild fish restaurant in Songbei District of Harbin . Worse still, he claimed that his family members

9、 were beaten and threatened by the restaurant staff whenthe he questioned the bill at the checkout . Chens complaint immediately spread on Chinas social media. The investigation showed that the restaurant had no fault, since they had already tagged(标签标签) the price , which raised doubt among netizens

10、 again. Further investigation showed that one type of the fish served ,Huso, was not the real wild species , but a kind of farmed fish at a much lower price . Since the prices of the fish did have violated the rights of consumers , the restaurant got its due punishment . Meanwhile , relevant governm

11、ent departments that have stood by the side of the restaurant in the first place would also be investigated and punished . Similar cases of fraudulent (欺骗欺骗) pricing at scenic spots have also reported elsewhere in China . In October 2015, for instance , a tourist was overcharged for a course of shri

12、mp(虾虾)In the coastal city of Qingdao, east China Shandong Province , when the restaurant claimed the quoted price of 38 Yuan was not for the dish, but for each shrimp！Authorities say thatthese illegal actions will be severely punished. 概要写作难点概要写作难点 1 How to get the key points quickly and correctly?

13、(如何快速、准确地捕捉要点如何快速、准确地捕捉要点)抓住主题句或关键信息，忽略次要信息抓住主题句或关键信息，忽略次要信息Para 1： Recently , a wild fish restaurant was ordered to shut down in Harbin, northeast Chinas Heilongjiang Province. As a result , the owner of the restaurant faced a fine of 500,000 yuan.detailed exampleu忽略具体事例忽略具体事例topic sentence概要写作难点概要

14、写作难点 2 How to express the key points by using your own words properly? (如何灵活诠释，规避抄袭的嫌疑如何灵活诠释，规避抄袭的嫌疑)1.Recently, a wild fish restaurant was ordered to shut down in Harbin and faced a heavy fine. _,a wild fish restaurant was_ to in Harbin and faced a heavy fine . Lately, not long ago Asked/required/r

15、equested近义词替换近义词替换close down ChenYan, a tourist from Changzhou , east Chinas JiangSu Province , complained online on February 12 that he was being overcharged 10,000 yuan for three big fish at a local wild fish restaurant in Songbei District of Harbin . Worse still, he claimed that his family member

16、s were beaten and threatened by the restaurant staff when the he questioned the bill at the checkout . Chens complaint immediately spread on Chinas social media. The investigation showed that the restaurant had no fault, since they had already tagged(标签标签) the price , which raised doubt among netize

17、ns again.topic sentenceChenYan complained that he was being overcharged and his family members were beaten andthreatened ,his complaint spread on Chinas media.expose to the publicViolent treatment/bullied近义词替换近义词替换/改变句式改变句式Chen Yans complaint that he was being overcharged and violent treatment ,whic

18、h spread on media.A customer named Chen Yan exposed his being overcharged and the violent treatment of the restaurant to the public. Para 3： Further investigation showed that one type of the fish served ,Huso, was not the real wild species , but a kind of farmed fish at a much lower price . Since th

19、e prices of the fish did have violated the rights of consumers , the restaurant got its due punishment . Meanwhile , relevant government departments that have stood by the side of the restaurant in the first place would also be investigated and punished .as well as/together with/along withreceivePar

20、a3.The restaurant as well as some relevant government departments received their punishment. Para 4： Similar cases of fraudulent (欺骗欺骗) pricing at scenic spots have also been reported elsewhere in China . In October 2015, for instance , a tourist was overcharged for a course of shrimp(虾虾)In the coas

21、tal city of Qingdao, east China Shandong Province , when the restaurant claimed the quoted price of 38 Yuan was not for the dish, but for each shrimp！Authorities say that these illegal actions will be severely punished. governmentseriouslySimilar cases happened elsewhere and the government will puni

22、sh these actions. Recently, a wild fish restaurant in Harbin faced being shut down and a large fine.A customer named Chen Yan exposed his being overcharged and the violent treatment of the restaurant to the public. The restaurant as well as some relevant government departments received their punishm

23、ent. Can we simply put sentences together into a whole passage?Polish your writingPolish your writing1. Use connective words2. Use special sentences关联词精华段落间逻辑句子间逻辑段落间逻辑起合转承firstbesides, meanwhilewhereas, whilein summary关联词精华句子间逻辑句子间逻辑因果目的让步对比therefore, thereby doingin contrastwhile, despiteso as to

24、举例for instance关联词精华段落间逻辑_, similar cases happened elsewhere and the government will punish these actions. Recently, a wild fish restaurant in Harbin faced being shut down and a large fine.A customer named Chen Yan exposed his being overcharged and the violent treatment of the restaurant to the publi

25、c. _, the restaurant as well as some relevant government departments received their punishment. ThereforeBesidesStep 1：Step 2:Step 3:Step 4: 读懂文章大意读懂文章大意抓住主题句或关键信息，忽略次要信息抓住主题句或关键信息，忽略次要信息How to write a good summary?Conclusion灵活运用语言，对关键信息进行改编灵活运用语言，对关键信息进行改编添加有效连接成分，使概要结构紧凑添加有效连接成分，使概要结构紧凑 Whenever a

26、 college student is asked ,”What Are you going to do this summer vacation ?” the most probable answer might be , “ Im going to travel .” It sounds that every college student is fond of traveling . Why ? Because travel has many advantages. First of all, travel can make us know more the Knowledge of g

27、eography , the knowledge of customs , cultures and lifestyles of different places and countries . Secondly ,we can make friends and practice a foreign language through traveling . Finally , travel is one of the easiest ways of pastimes.We can enjoy various food and beautiful sceneries . In a word, w

28、e can benefit from travel in more than one way. Traveling is worthwhile.概要微写作概要微写作技巧点拨：技巧点拨： 本文主要阐述了本文主要阐述了“旅游旅游”的各种好处：的各种好处：Firstly, travel can make us know the knowledge of geography , the knowledge of customs, cultures and lifestyles of different places and countries . Secondly , we can make frie

29、nds and practice a foreign language through traveling . Finally, travel is one of the easiest ways of pastimes. W can enjoy various food and beautiful sceneries.概要微写作概要微写作 a sample answer: Travel offers many advantages : making us know much different knowledge and customs of much different countries

30、 and offering us chances to practice foreign languages. Besides, it is one of the easiest ways of pastimes and appreciating beautiful Sceneries.概要微写作概要微写作 Hi, I am Mike. I just went through my first year of college. The toughest part on me at first was the general adjustment. I went to a very small

31、high school where my mom was a teacher and she did practically everything for me. But at the college I need to know some basic life skills, such as balancing a check-book, laundry, and the things you have to be able to handle that I never thought of in the high school! It was really tough for me at

32、first and I got badly homesick. Once that first semester was over and I got used to the college life, I love itgood facilities, helpful instructors, and a good library. The students Union organizes various parties every week. I also go to cinemas and concerts, and often spend Saturday nights in pubs

33、 and clubs. One thing I think is important is to get yourself active in things. I was on dance team in college and met a ton of people that wayit was so much easier to make friends when you had a common ground. the six elements of a narrative passage who when/where /what how (process)at first: then:

34、 at last: why Mikehis first year of collegetoughestadjustmentgot used to itloved the college lifegot himself active in thingsA suggested sample Mike shared with us his first year of college life.At first he _, but aftergetting active in things for one semester,he _ and_.didnt adjust himself welladap

35、ted to itenjoyed himself练习1记叙文概括的方法-串联要素法第一步：先通读全文，找出几个要素第一步：先通读全文，找出几个要素 who 谁 what 何事 when 何时 where 何地 why 原因 as a result/consequence/finally 结果 .,which led to第二步：用第二步：用自己的话自己的话串联起来串联起来 万能公式：The passage mainly tells us that sb. (who) did sth. (at someplace at sometime ) because of / as a result of

36、 /due to , which led to finally/eventually开头套用句式：The story/passage is aboutThe writer/author tells us about.The story/passage mainly tells us thatThe passage describes .Review the steps of writing a summary Last Sunday I went fishing. After setting up my fishing rod with bait, I sat down on the bank

37、 of the lake. But two hours later, I didnt catch any fish. I got very angry and began to pack up my stuff, preparing to go back home. Just then, I saw an old man sitting near me. To my surprise, his basket was full of fish, so I went over to him, wanting to know why. “Excuse me, but how long have yo

38、u sat here?” I asked. “About four hours,” he answered. “Four hours?” I couldnt believe my ears. “Yes. Its very important to be patient,” the old man said. “Dont consider fishing a tiring sport. Just enjoy it.” Suddenly, I understood what he said. I must learn to be patient. Then I sat there and wait

39、ed for fish patiently. I felt a fish touch the bait, but I didnt move and waited for the right moment to reel it in. At last, I caught it. This made me very happy. In the following six hours, I caught over 10 fish. On my way home, I thought what had happened on the bank. I gradually realized that th

40、e secret of success was patience. had no patience第一步：请找出这篇短文的几个要素：第一步：请找出这篇短文的几个要素： who 谁 _ _ what 何事 _ _ when 何时 where 何地 why 原因 _ _ as a result 结果 _I (the writer)didnt catch any fishan old manhis basket was full of fishgot very angryIts very important to be patientlearn to be patient; caught it. 第

41、二步：用第二步：用自己的话自己的话串联起来串联起来 万能公式：sb. (who) did sth. (at some place at some time ) because of / as a result of /due to , which led to /finally/eventually The writercaught a lot of fishafter becoming patientwho had no patience at firstbecause of being influenced by an old manhim realizing patience is th

42、e key to success学生习作常见错误：学生习作常见错误：概括内容要点不完整概括内容要点不完整使用太多细节内容而不是用概括的语言使用太多细节内容而不是用概括的语言过多引用原文词句过多引用原文词句词数过多词数过多用第一人称而不是第三人称转述用第一人称而不是第三人称转述时态错误时态错误学生习作常见错误学生习作常见错误1: The passage tells us that last Sunday a man went fishing but he didnt catch any fish in two hours. At this time he saw an old man sitti

43、ng near him. The man asked the man how to catch fishes. The old man said that you should be patient.使用太多细节，使用太多细节，语言不够概括语言不够概括概括内容要：概括内容要： 精，准，全精，准，全学生习作常见错误学生习作常见错误2: The story mainly tells us that the writer was fishing and didnt catch any fish. When he prepared to go back home,he found an old man

44、 sitting there and his basket was full of fish. In the end, he caught many fish.引用原文词句引用原文词句不得直接引用原不得直接引用原文的句子文的句子学生习作常见错误学生习作常见错误3: The story mainly tells us that the writer was fishing but made no achievements and prepared to go back home. While an old man whose basket was full of fish told him th

45、at fish is very important to be patient . The author learned to be patient. At last, the author caught fish and realized the secret of success was patience. (共60词)词数过多词数过多词数词数:约约30词（小词（小于于20词或大于词或大于40词，扣词，扣2分）分）学生习作常见错误学生习作常见错误4: The writer tells us that he went fishing but didnt catch any fish afte

46、r waiting 2 hours. Then an old man sitting near me told me his secret of fishing was patience. Finally the writer succeeded.人称用错，应该人称用错，应该用第三人称用第三人称一般以第三人称一般以第三人称来表述来表述 学生习作常见错误学生习作常见错误5: The passage mainly tells us that the writer didnt catch any fish because of his impatience. He become happy when

47、 he understand the patience is the key to success.时态错误时态错误与原文时态一致与原文时态一致(1)概括内容要点要：精，准，全概括内容要点要：精，准，全 写概括时应满足的5个条件(4) 一般以第三人称来表述一般以第三人称来表述 (2)不得直接引用原文的句子（同义词组替换不得直接引用原文的句子（同义词组替换法；正话反说法；语态变换；简单句变复法；正话反说法；语态变换；简单句变复合句合句）(3)词数词数:约约30词（小于词（小于20词或大于词或大于40词，扣词，扣2分分）(5)与原文时态一致（正文和结尾除外）与原文时态一致（正文和结尾除外）One

48、possible versionThe passage mainly tells us that the writer who had no patience at first caught a lot of fish after becoming patient because of being influenced by an old man. Finally , he realized patience is the key to success. had intended to give upintended to have given up An inspirational teen

49、ager has completed her list of allthings she wanted to do after being diagnosed with terminal cancer. Alice Pyne from Ulverston in northwest England became a worldwide Internet sensation(引起轰动引起轰动的人的人) when she published her “ things she wants to do in her limited life “ online just over year ago . H

50、elp came pouring in from the globe. The 16-year-old girl has been able to swim with sharks, go to her school prom(毕业舞会毕业舞会)and meet the band Take That. Now shes celebrating completing her list with her latest adventure : whale watching in Canada. “It was really amazing because in the beginning I did

51、nt even know it was going to get published , and I didnt expect half the things to get done ,” Alcie said . Alice had 17 items on her list . Her mother gave her the idea to help take her mind off her terminal cancer . Her biggest achievement is getting 40,000 people to join the bone marrow register

52、(骨髓登记骨髓登记). “I mean , its just been incredible ,” said Alice s mother, Vicky Pyne. “ We know that whats going to happen to Alice is going to happen-you know, that doesnt change -but well always have these special times to look back at . People have made it amazing for us . And I ve got so many frien

53、ds in hospital who literally had weeks notice of their kids going and they didnt get this time , so I cant be miserable about it .”After capturing some amazing memories , Alice and her sister , Milly , have one big celebration to come : picking up their British Empire Medals(大英帝国勋章)for using their t

54、ime to help others. The two teenage sisters have been recognized on Queen Elizabeths Birthday Honors List because of their charitable efforts.1. inspirational2. be diagnosed with 3. cause worldwide attention4. terminal5. pour in6. Shark7.take her mind off8. incredible9.miserable 10. capture11. chari

55、table12.Succeed in doinginspirational鼓舞人心的鼓舞人心的;给予灵感的，给予灵感的，带有灵感的带有灵感的be diagnosed with 被诊断为被诊断为; 被诊断出被诊断出;cause worldwide attentionpour inshark蜂涌而至蜂涌而至terminalfinal,lastadj.难以置信的; 不可思议的悲惨的; 令人痛苦的;俘获; 夺取; 夺得; 仁慈的，慈善的8. incredible9.miserable 10. capture11. charitable12.succeed in doing成功做. the six elements of a narrative passage who whatat first: then: at last: how Alice Pynediagnose cancerwant to do many thingspeople help herSucceed in completing her listAlice Pyne, who was diagnosed with terminal cancer, caused worldwide at