语言状语从句用法详解.docx

1、状语从句用法详解内容提要：一、时间状语从句二、地点状语从句三、方式状语从句四、程度状语从句五、原因状语从句六、结果状语从句七、目的状语从句八、条件状语从句九、让步状语从句十、比较状语从句一、时间状语从句 :1、时间状语从句通常用下列从属连词来引导： after, before, as, once, till, until, (ever) since, when, whenever, while, now (that), as long as, as soon as。如：Now (that) you ve grown up, you must stop this childish behavio

2、ur.Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.Come and see uswhenever you have time.1People do not know the value of health till they lose it.2、有些词，如 immediately, directly, instantly等，当用于as soon as意义时，也可以引导时间状语从句，如：I got in touch with him immediately I received his letter.My sister came

3、 directly she got my message.The machine will start instantly you press the button.I ll telephone youdirectly I hear the news. Will you look for it immediately you get there?3某些表示时间的名词词组，如 the (very) moment ( = as soon as ), the minute ( = as soon as ), the instant ( = as soon as ), the day, the yea

4、r, the morning, every time, each time, next time, the first time等，也可以引导时间状语从句，如：I ll tell you abouttheit moment you come.I started the instantI heard the report.The instantshe saw him she knew he was her brother.Every timeI catch a cold, I have pain in my back.I m going to see himnext time he comes

5、to Shenzhen.He left Europe the year World Warbroke out.2He had impressed me that waythe first time I met him.I started the very moment I got your letter.I ll tell himthe minute (that) he gets here.4有些关联从属连词，如 no sooner than / hardly when / scarcely when / barely when 等，也能引导时间状语从句。 如果把 no sooner, har

6、dly, scarcely, barely置于句首，它所连带的这部分就要倒装，如：She had no soonerheard the news than she fainted.= No sooner hadshe heard the newsthan she fainted.They had hardlystarted to work when the trouble began.= Hardly hadthey started to work when the trouble began.He had scarcelyentered the room when the phone ran

7、g.= Scarcely hadhe entered the room when the phone rang.3二、地点状语从句 :1、地点状语从句常用where, wherever 来引导，如：We will stay where you stay. (where = in the place in which; where 既连接主句与从句，又在从句中作副词修饰谓语stay。)I found my books where I left them.Wherever he happens to be, John can make himself at home.He will work wh

8、erever the people need him.Let me go wherever (= to any place to which)they like (to go).2、有时， - where 构成的复合词也可以引导地点状语从句，如：Everywherethey went, they were kindly received / warmly welcomed.We ll goanywhere the Party directs us.4三、方式状语从句 :1、方式状语从句通常由as, as if, as though来引导，如：You must do the exercisesa

9、s I show you.Please do exactlyas your doctor says.It looks as if it might snow / is going to snow.He acted as if / though nothing had happened.He walked as if he was / were drunk.Mary was behaving as thoughshe hadn t grown up.2、在非正式文体或口语中， 也可用the way (that) (= as = in the way inwhich), how, like 等来引

10、导，如：Jean doesn t dotheit way I do.She is doing her workthe way I like it done.You can do the jobhow you like.The landlord was watching him like(= just as)a cat watches a mouse.Do you make breadlike you make cakes?like作连词的用法补充说明：1). Conjunction(informal)( 非正式 )：in the same way that; as同 一样，如5People w

11、ho change countrieslike they change clothes.换国籍像换衣服一样的人。2). as though; as if 好像，如同I felt like Id been kicked by a camel. 我觉得好像被骆驼踢了似的。四、程度状语从句：程度状语从句可用to such an extent that/ to such a degreethat, to the degree/ extent that, in so far as（“在 的范围内”）等来引导，如：The temperature rose to such an extent that th

12、e firemen had to leavethe burning building.The temperature lowered to such a degree thatthe water froze.试比较：The temperature rose so high that the firemen had to leave the burningbuilding.The temperature lowered so much thatthe water froze.从以上例句可以看出， 程度状语从句往往也表示达到某种程度时所引出的结果，所以程度状语从句和结果状语从句在意义上有相通之处。

13、6At that time politicians were not known to the degree that they aretoday. 那时政治家们并不像今天这样为人所知晓。Ill help you in so far asI can.我会尽我所能帮助你。五、原因状语从句：1、引导原因状语从句最常用的连词是because, since,和 as，所引导的从句可以放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后。其中 because 语势最强， since 次之， as 又次之。 because 通常表示说话人认为这种理由或原因是听话人所不知道的，全句强调的重点在原因上，不在主句表示的结果上。回答w

14、hy提出的问题时，只能用 because；在强调句型中也只能用 because从句，不能用 since, as等，如：BecauseI can t see very well, I have to sit near the front.It wasbecausehe was ill that he didn t go with us.It was becausehe was ill that he didn t come.7since 和 as 引导的句子，重点在主句的内容，其原因或理由在说话人看来已很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉，since 和 as 只是一种附带的说明原因，不是对原因进行强调，

15、如：As he is working hard, he is likely to succeed.Sincehe can t answer the question, you d better ask someone else.As / Sincehe was not at home, I spoke to his brother.Sinceyou insist, I will reconsider the matter.As he was in a hurry, he left his bag at home. for 是并列连词，它引导的句子只能 后置 。表示因果关系时，可以和 becau

16、se 换用； 但当它用于对主句的内容加以解释或推断时，不能用 because 代替，如：He couldn t have seen becauseme, / forI was not here.The ground is wet, for / becauseit rained last night.It rained last night, for the ground is wet this morning. because 之前可以加上 simply, only, just等强调词，如：You shouldn t get angryjustbecausesome people speak

17、ill of you.2、复合连词也可以引导原因状语从句， 这些连词有：now (that), seeing(that), considering (that), for the reason that, by reason that, for fearthat, that 等，如：8Now (that) (= Since)you mention it, I do remember.Now (that) he is absent, you ll have to do the work by yourself.Now (=Since)the rain has stopped, let s sta

18、rt.Seeing (that)all the guests have arrived, let s have dinner.She didn tforgo fear that she would get lost.He has done very well,considering (that)he has no experience.I haven t finished writing the report,yenot that (= not because)I dislike the work, but that (= but because)I have not time.Conside

19、ringthat they are just beginners, they are doing quite a goodjob.3、在“主语 + be + 形容词 + that ”句型中，主语通常是人，形容词通常为： glad, happy, pleased, sorry等表示感情的形容词，这时 that 可以看作原因状语从句，如：We are glad that (= because)we have reaped another bumper harvest.I m glad (that)you are all right.We are sure thatour team will win

20、.I m pleasedthat you have decided to come.9六、结果状语从句结果状语从句往往放在主句之后，通常主句是因， 从句是果，这和原因状语从句刚好相反，例如：He was ill, so that he didn t come.He didn t come because he was ill.1、结果状语从句通常用下列连词引导：sothat, such (a)that,such that, so that, that等，例如：He was so angry that he left the room without saying a word.The book

21、 is written in such simple English that we beginners can understand it without much difficulty.It was such abad accident that several people got injured.His diligence wassuch thathe made great progress.He didn t plan his time well,so thathe didn t finish the work in time.She worried so that she coul

22、d hardly eat her supper.What have I done that you should be so angry with me?2、应注意的几个问题： 在非正式文体中，由sothat, such (a)that 引导的结果状语从句，往往可以省略连词that，这时，从句之前往往用逗号与主句隔开，在口语中则用停顿表示省略。10He was so tired (,) (that)he could hardly stand.Peter is such agood boy (,) (that) he is loved by everybody.You walkso fast (

23、that)I can t keepacep with you.We left in such ahurry (that) we forgot to lock the door.He was so rude (that) she refused to speak to him. 当 so 修饰动词时，后面应稍停顿，如：His heart beat sothat he could hardly breathe.She worried sothat she could hardly eat her supper. 当 so位于句首时，主句的语序应倒装，如：So badly was he injure

24、d that he had to go to the hospital.So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.11七、目的状语从句1、目的状语从句通常使用的连词有：so that, in order that, that, so。否定的句式常用lest, in case, for fear that来引导。目的状语从句中一般要有can, may, could, might, will, would,should 等情态动词，如：Bring it closer (so) that I may see it better.I put do

25、wn his address for fear that I should forget it.The teacher must speak clearly so that his students can / may understand well.Well sit nearer the front so we can hear better. (非正式或口语 )The driver looked over the engine carefully lest it (should) go wrong on the way.Please remind me of it again tomorr

26、ow in caseI forget.Take an umbrella with you, in case (= for fear that)it rains / it may rain / it should rain.He left early in casehe should miss the train.2、so that / so既可以引导目的状语从句， 又可以引导结果状语从句，其区别可以根据上下文的意义来判断，也可以从其结构上来判断。12 凡在讲话时， so that / so 从句之前有停顿，在文字中so that / so从句之前有逗号，则为结果状语从句，否则为目的状语从句，如

27、：We all arrived at eight, so (that) the meeting began promptly. (结果状语从句 )Well come at eight so (that) the meeting can begin early. ( 目的状语从句)有时，由so that或 so 引导的结果状语从句之前并没有逗号，这时，就要看从句中有没有can, may, could, might, will, would, should等情态动词，如果有，多半是目的状语从句，如果没有，多半是结果状语从句，如：I am going to the lecture early so

28、that Ill get a good seat. (目的状语从句)I went to the lecture early so that I got a good seat. (结果状语从句 ) 目的状语从句可以移至句首，而结果状语从句不能前移，如：So that he could be heard in every room, John spoke through amicrophone. (目的状语从句 )John spoke through a microphone so that he was heard in every room.(结果状语从句 )13八、条件状语从句1、条件状语

29、从句通常用下列连词引导：if, unless, supposing (that)（仅在问句中使用），suppose (that), in case, so / as long as, so far as, oncondition (that), provided (that)等，例如：In casehe comes, let me know.You can go out,as / so long asyou promise to be back before eleven.I will come again tomorrow provided (that)I have time. (= if)

30、Supposing (that)it rains tomorrow, what shall we do? (= if)Unlessyou tell him yourself, he ll lose faithompletelyinyou. cWe ll let you use the roomon condition that / provided thatyou keep it clean and tidy.2、有时可以把祈使句作为条件从句，祈使句后面要搭配and，如：Come tomorrow, and I will tell you.(= If you come tomorrow, I

31、will tell you. )Give him an inch and he ll takele. a mi(= If you give him an inch, he ll take a mile. )注：当表示否定的条件时，可用连词or 或 otherwise， 如：Hurry up, or (else) you ll be late.Make up your mind, or you ll miss the chance.14Start at once, or / otherwise you ll miss the train.(= If you donstart at once, y

32、ou ll miss the train. )(= Unlessyou start at once, you ll miss the train.)3、if only 是 if 的强调式，通常表示说话人强烈的愿望, “但愿 , 真希望”，如：If onlyit clears up, we ll go.If only somebody had told us, we could have warned you.如果有人告诉了我们，我们就会让你提防的。注： if only 引导的状语从句有时可以不依附于主句而独立存在，表示说话人的希望、愿望或遗憾等心情，如：If only he comes in

33、time. (= I hope he will come in time.)If onlyhe didn t drive so fast. (= I wish he didn t drive so fast.)If onlyI hadn t been late for work.(= I wish I hadn t been late for work.)4、在真实条件句中，从句动词通常用一般现在时表示将来时间，主句通常带有情态动词，如：If you move, I shootll you.If I pressthis button, what will happen?If you come,

34、 you can see it.15If you finish early, you may go.注 当从句表示将来已经完成或正在进行的动作时，动词用现在完成时或现在进行时，如：I will return the book on Monday if I have read it.The police won t take your car ifawayyou are sitting in it.注 如果从句表示现在的意图、 意愿、决心等，则可以用 will / shall，如：If you will read the book, I ll let you have it.If you wil

35、l help me, we can finish by six.If you will give up smoking / drinking, your health will improve.5、有一种条件句，其从句动词不管主语的人称和数如何，一律用“should + 不定式”，主句动词可根据意义需要采取不同形式，如：If he shouldhear of your marriage, he would be surprised.If you shouldhear the news, please let us know.If you shouldbe interested, I ll te

36、ll youolethestorywh.If it should rain, we had better stay indoors.If he should cometomorrow, I would tell him everything.注：在正式文体中，可用 should I (we, you etc)代替 If I (we, you etc.)should ，如：16ShouldI be free tomorrow, I will come.Shouldyou see Mike, will you ask him to ring me up?Shouldyou see my mothe

37、r, tell her I am quite well.6、非真实条件句： 当从句表示与现在事实相反的条件时，从句动词用一般过去时或were 型虚拟式，主句动词用would / should / could / might +不定式，如：If I were you, I should consult a doctor.If I lived in the twenty-first century, my life might be different in anumber of ways. 当从句表示与过去事实相反的条件时，从句动词用过去完成时，主句动词用 would / should / co

38、uld / might +不定式完成式，如：If he had triedhard last term, he would have succeeded.If he had takenhis doctor s advice,mighthe not have died. 当从句表示将来不大可能实现的条件时，从句动词用一般过去时或 were / was to +不定式，主句动词用 would / should / could / might+不定式，如：What would you do if it snowedtomorrow?He wouldn t dounlessit you were to

39、order him to.17 在正式文体中可用 “were +主语”等倒装结构代替“if +主语 + were”等结构；“had +主语 + ed 分词”代替“if +主语 + had + ed分词”结构，如：Were I in your place, I would be very worried.Were Johnto go to the university, he would have to work hard.Had the captain been more careful, his shipwould not have been sunk.Had it not been for

40、 the expense, I should have gone toItaly.7、unless 与 ifnot 的用法比较：If you dontstart at once, you will miss the train.Unlessyou start at once, you will miss the train.unless 在意义上相当于ifnot ，在有些场合两者可以交替使用，但在有些场合又不可以互换，以下是不可互换的情况：当 ifnot 引导非真实条件状语从句时，一般不可以改用unless，例如：If she werentso silly, she would underst

41、and. (事实上她很傻，改成Unlessshe were so silly 含义为她不傻 )If I hadntstopped her, she would have jumped into the river. (事实上我阻止了她，改成Unless I had stopped her 含义为我没有阻止她。)18 unless 表示除外的唯一条件，因此通常不能用and 连接两个unless 从句，而 ifnot 则不受此限，如：She won t lose weightif she does not keep a diet and if she does nottake exercises

42、every day.She won t lose weightunlessshe keeps a diet and takes exercises everyday.(不说： unless she keeps a diet and unless she takes exerciseseveryday.) unless 从句中可用否定词，而ifnot 从句中不可再加否定词，因此在unless 引导的否定从句中，不可用ifnot 代替unless ，如：I will go unlessno one else does.I will go if no one else doesn t.Don t a

43、sk me to explain unless you really don t understand.Don t ask me to explain if you really not don t understand. 在 if not 从句中通常用非肯定词， 而在 unless 引导的肯定形式的条件从句中，通常用肯定词，而不用非肯定词，如：I will be very angry if you haventspoken to her yet.I will be very angry unlessyou have already spoken to her.19九、让步状语从句1. 引导让

44、步状语从句的主要连词有 although, though, as, even though / if 等。He is unhappy though he has a lot of money.虽然他很有钱，但他不快乐。They will stand by you even if you fail.即使你没成功，他们也会支持你。注意： although/though不可与 but 连用，但可与 yet, still等连用。例如。Thoughit was raining hard, yet they went on playing football. 虽然雨下得很大，但他们仍然继续踢足球。2. a

45、s 引导让步状语从句时，需倒装，从句中的表语和状语或动词原形要置于句首； though 引导时，倒装或不倒装皆可。如表语是名词，不可加冠词；若动词原形前置，从句要有may或 might 。例如：Child as he is, he knows a lot. 尽管是个孩子，他却懂得很多。Try ashe might, he could not find a job.不管怎么努力，他还是找不到工作。3. when 和 while 也可引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然”。例如：20While they are my neighbors, I do not know them well.虽然他们是我的邻居，但我并不很熟悉他们。4. whether or可 引导让步状语从句，意为：不管是 还是 ，不论是否 。例如：You will have to