新课改人教版高一英语必修第一册-Unit5LanguagesaroundtheWorld-

1、2019 高一英语 Unit5 Languages around the World 学案-Section2-3重点词汇1 . struggle用法详解：（1）v.努力，奋斗，争取：挣脱脱身，搏斗：斗争，抗争。常见搭配：struggle for.为（正确） 而努力/奋斗struggle to do sth.努力/争取做某事struggle with/against 与斗争struggle to ones feet 挣扎着站起来She has been struggling for success all the time.她一直努力争取成功,My father struggled to sup

2、port a large family on a very low income several years ago.几年前，我的父亲靠着微博的收入艰难地供养一个大家庭。He struggled against cancer for ten years.他同癌症抗争了 十年。In spite of the serious injury, Lucy struggled to her feet and walked towards the supermarket.尽管受伤严重，鲁西还是挣扎着站起来，向超市走去。（2） n. C斗争，努力。sing.】难事。常见搭配： a struggle betw

3、een and与之间的斗争 It is （not） a struggle to do sth.做（不）是件难事a struggle with sb. （for/against）（为/反对某事）与某人的斗争It was a real struggle to complete this task before the weekend.周末前完成这项任务绝非易事 2 . view用法详解（1）n.观点，看法point of view观点，看法in view of鉴于，考虑到In view of his recent conduct, we decided to teach him a lesson.

4、鉴于他最近的表现，我们决定给他一个教训。 He could not put across his point of view to the audience.他没能使听众理解他的观点。（2） n.景色：风景：观看；看，视野。常见搭配：have/get a good/bad/wonderful view of看得见/看不见/看得非常清楚in view在视野中on view陈列着；在展出I enjoy the view of the bay in the starlight.我喜欢星光下的海湾风景。I didnt have a good view of the stage.我看不清舞台。She w

5、aited until the whole island was in view and then tool a photograph.她一直等到看见整个岛才拍了一张照片。（3） vt.观察：观看If we view the problem from a different angle a solution may become more obvious.如果我们从不同的角度看这个问题，可能更容易找到解决方法。（4） vt.认为：把.看作是 viewas把看作是He is viewed as the best candidate for the job.他被认为是这份工作的最佳人选。辨析比较

6、view/scene/scenery 和 sightview指在远处或高出从人的角度看到的scenery的一部分。scene指“一眼可以浏览的风景”，但多半包括其中的人物，动作和行为。 scenery指某地区的“整个风景”，由多个scene构成的景色。 sight意为“风景，名胜”，常用复数形式，指人文景观。3 .考点提炼状语从句的省略（1）在时间状语从句，让步状语从句，条件状语从句，方式状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一 致，同时从句的谓语含有be动词，可省去该从句的主语和be动词，这时从句中可以出现如下结构：A：连词+名词/形容词/介词短语B:连词+现在分词/过去分词/不定式When

7、/While （I was） on my way to work I met her.我在上班的路上遇见了她eWhile （he was） a little boy he was always ready to help others.当他还是个小男孩时，他总是乐于助人。 Work hard when （you are） young, or youll regret,年轻时要努力工作，否则你会后悔的。Once （lam） given another chance I wont be so careless.一旦再有机会，我不会这么粗心了2019 高一英语 Unit5 Languages aro

8、und the World 学案-Section2-3While (I was) cleaning my bedroom. I heard a scream coming from downstairs suddenly.我在打扫卧室的时候，楼下突然传来一声尖叫。He stood up as if (he were) to say something.他站起来好像要说什么。(2)当从句的主语与主句的主语不一致，但从句的主语是it,从句中又含有be动词的某种形式时，可以把 it和be动词一起省略。If (it is) necessary,11 come tomorrow.如果由必要的话，我明天就

9、来。考向追踪高考对状语从句的省略的考察主要是让考生判断连词后而用哪种非谓语动词形式，解这列题的关键是要弄 清楚从句中的动词与其逻辑主语(即主句的主语)之间的关系，如果是逻辑上的主谓关系通常用现在分词， 如果是落上的动宾关系则通常用过去分词。Dont come in until (you are) asked.不叫你不要进来。Be careful when (you are) crossing the street.过马路时要小心。4 .考点提炼“the+比较级the+比较级.”结构“the+比较级the+比较级.”结构，翻译为：越.，越表示后者随着前者的变化而变化。The higher we

10、climb, the farther we will see.我们爬得越高，就会看得越远。The more she thought about it, the more depressed she became.这件事她越想越感到沮丧。特别提醒对于“the+比较级the+比较级.”结构，如果句意明确，该结构常以省略形式出现。The more, the better.多多益善More haste, less speed.欲速则不达归纳拓展与比较级相关的其他结构：(1)越来越(表示本身程度改变)比较级+and+比较级more and more+部分双音节或多音节形容词或副词的原级By this t

11、ime she was in her nineties and needed help more and more frequently.到这个时候她已经90多岁了，越来越频繁地需要帮助。(2)两者中比较.的那一个The+比较级+of the two+n.复数Your paper is the better of the two.两篇论文中你的论文要好一些。5.语法突破定语从句2：关系副词引导的定语从句1) when引导定语从句的用法(1)当先行词是表示时间的名词(time, day, year, month, week等)，且关系词在从句中做时间状语时， 定语从句用when引导。2) ) w

12、hen可以换成“介词+which。I still remember the time when (=in which) I was in college.我仍然记得我上大学的那段时光。I have forgotten the exact date when (=on which) this country became independent.我忘记这个国家独立的确日期了。特别提醒当先行词是表示时间的名词时，既可以用when引导定语从句，也可以用that或which引导定语从句，关 键要看关系词在定语从句中做何种成分。若关系词在定语从句中充当状语，则用when引导：若关系词在定 语从句中充当主

13、语或者宾语，则用that或者which引导。Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm?你记得我们一起在农场度过的那些日子吗？Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night?即记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？ (when在从句中做状语)2. where引导定语从句的用法2019 高一英语 Unit5 Languages around the World 学案-Section2-3(1)当先行词是表示地点的名词(如place,

14、 room, mountain, airport等)，且关系词在从句中做地点状语 式，定语从句用where引导。(2) where可以换成“介词+which”。This is the hotel where (=in which) they stayed.这就是他们住过的旅馆。特别提醒A：如果先行词为表示抽象地点的名词(Estate, condition, point, situation等)，且关系词在定语从句中做 地点状语，关系词用where。We have reached a point where a change is needed.我们已经到了需要做出改变的地步。He gets i

15、nto a situation where it is hard to decide what is right or wrong.他陷入一种难以决定的是非境地。B：当先行词为地点名词时候，如果代替先行词的关系词在定语从句中做主语或宾语，则用that或which引 导定语从句。His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts.他的父亲在一架生产收音机零件的工厂里工作。 辨析比较where引导的定语从句和状语从句(1)where引导定语从句是，它是关系副词，在定语从句中做地点状语，其前由一个表示地点的先行词。 此时，where可

16、以换成“介词+which”结构。where引导的定语从句只能位于主句之后或句中，不能位于句 首。Is there a shop around where (=in which) we can buy some fruit?附近由没有一个商店可以让我们在里而买一些水果。(3) where引导状语从句时，where为丛书连词。where引导的地点状语从句修饰主句中的谓语动词，where 前面没有表示地点的名词。此时，where不能换成“介词+which”结构。where引导的地点状语从句可位于 主句之前，也可位于主句之后。Where there is a will, there is a way.

17、有志者,事竟成。We should go where we are needed.我们应该到需要我们的地方去。3. why引导定语从句的用法(1)当先行词是表示原因的名词reason,且关系词在从句中做原因状语时，定语从句用why引导。且只能 引导限制性定语从句。(2)why可以用for which来代替。This is the reason why= (for which) he left in a hurry.这就是他匆匆离去的原因。特别提醒若代替先行词reason的关系词在定语从句中不做状语，而是充当主语或宾语，则用that或者which引导定 语从句。The reason that h

18、e told me yesterday is a lie.昨天他告诉我的理由是个谎言。二、介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句1 .关系代词的选用在此结构中，先行词指人时关系代词用whom,不能用who/that;先行词指物时关系代词用which,不能用that. This is the student for whom I bought a book.这就是我给他买书的那个学生。This is the ship by which I went to Shanghai.这就是我去上海所乘的船。2 .介词的选用根据定语从句中的谓语动词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。Is this the car for

19、which you paid high price?这是你花高价买的车吗？In the dark street, there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help.在漆黑的街上，没有一个她可以求助的人。(turn to sb. for help)根据定语从句中的主要形容词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。He brought the result with which the boss was satisfied.他带来了老板满意的结果。(be satisfied with)根据先行词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。先行词往往是表示时

20、间、地点、原因、方式等的词。Do you still remember the day on which we met for the first time.2019 高一英语 Unit5 Languages around the World 学案-Section2-3你还记得我们第一次见而的那天吗?(on the day)Do you still remember the days during which we studied and laughed together?你还记得我们一起学习、一起嬉笑的那些日子吗?(during the days)根据句子的意思来确定介词。有些句子的先行词完

21、全一样，定语从句中的谓语动词/主要形容词与介词也不能构成固定搭配，这时，需要根据句子所要表达的意思选用不同的介词This is the pilot with whom my brother has worked for ten years.这就是和我弟弟一起工作了十年的那位飞行员。This is the pilot by whom my son was saved.这是救了我儿子的那位飞行员。3 .介词+关系代词”的特殊情况介词可以后移,此时关系代词可以省略(省略时，介词必须后移)。This is the book for which you asked.这是你要的那本书。This is th

22、e book(which/that) you asked for 这是你要的那本书。特别提醒：有些固定的动词短语一般不能拆开，介词仍放在动词的后而。Is this the book (which/that she is looking for?这是她正在寻找的那本书吗？在“介词+关系代词”结构中,若介词短语表示位置，则定语从句往往用倒装语序。常见的这类短语有at thefoot of at the back of, in front of, on the top of 等。They stayed in a big hotel, in front of which was a garden.他们

23、住在一家大旅馆里，旅馆前面是一个花园。(3)名词(代词、数词)+介词。f+关系代词”引导的定语从句通常是非限制性定语从句，该结构在定语从句中一般 做主语。其中名词+介词of+关系代词有时可以用whose+名词”替换。Her sons, both of whom work abroad, ring her up every week.她的两个儿子都在国外工作，他们每周都给她打电话。The building had been repaired, the roof of which( =whose roof) was destroyed again in big fire.那幢楼房曾经被修过，但在一

24、场大火中，楼顶又被烧毁了。三、关系代词与关系副词的选用定语从句的引导词用关系代词还是关系副词可以用以下两种方式判断：方法依据根据从句的谓语动词是及物动词，后而若无宾语,用关系代词;是不及物动词则用关系副词根据先行词所做的成分把先行词放入定语从句中，若是做主语或宾语用关系代词：做状语则用关系副词This is the factory where he used to work.这是他以前工作过的那家工厂。(work是不及物动词)This is the factory that/which visited last year,这是去年我参观过的那家工厂。(visit是及物动词)Is this th

25、e museum(that/which) you visited few days ago?这就是你几天前参观的那家博物馆吗?(从句缺少宾语)Is this the museum where the exhibition was held?这就是举办展览的那家博物馆吗?(从句缺少地点状语)四、有关定语从句的拓展一特殊的定语从句特殊定语从句：1 .有些定语从句和先行词之间插入一个短语或别的成分，这种语特言现象称为分裂式定语言2 .带有插入语的定语从句3 .where做名词可与from连用4 .no/never/not+先行词+but (准关系代词)=thatnot=whonot 没有不I hav

26、e an aunt in London, who never writes to me.He went to the UK in 1988, where he studied English literature.His head soon appeared out of one of the third storey widows, from where he could see what happened clearly.Not a single person among us but supports the plan (=who doesnt support the plan ).20

27、19 高一英语 Unit5 Languages around the World 学案-Section2-3Theres not a student in my class but would(=who would not)like to learn a second foreign language.Sections1 .experience用法详解(l)nC经历，体验U经验。常见搭配：an unforgettable experience 一次难忘的经历 have experience in/at doing sth 在做方而有经验knowfrom experience 凭经验知道lear

28、n form/by experience 从经验中学习His experiences in Africa are interesting.他在非洲的经历很有趣Do you have any experience in teaching English.有教英语的经验吗?know from my own experience how difficult the work can be.凭我自己的经验我知道这项工作会有多难。It is important to try and learn from experience(不断)尝试以及从经验中学习是重要的。Vt.经历;体验，感受Everyone e

29、xperiences these problems at some time in their lives.每个人在他们人生的某个阶段都会经历这些问题。This area experienced the heaviest rainfall in May.该地区在 5 月经历了最大降雨，归纳拓展相关词语积累experienced adj.有经验的be experienced in/at在方面有经验He is very experienced in looking after animals 他在照看动物方面很有经验。2 .equal用法详解(l)adj.(地位、权利等)平等的，同等的;(大小数量

30、、价值等)相等的;(能力勇气等)能应付的，能胜任的。常见搭配: be equal to与.相等;能应付/胜任be equal in sth在某方而相等be equal to中的to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词做宾语。Bill is equal to the challenge.比尔有能力应付这一挑战。Not all men are equal in ability.人的能力并不都是一样的。等于，和相等;比得上，常见搭配：A equals B in.A在方面比得上BFour plus four equals eight.四力口四等于八。No one equals him in strength

31、,论力气,无人能和他相比。(3)n.相等的事物，同等的人。常见搭配：be without equal/ have no equal 无与伦比,无敌No one could be his equal at telling stories,讲故事没人能比得上他cHe is a player without equal.他是个无与伦比的运动员。归纳拓展相关词语积累：equally adv.平等地洞样地unequal adj,不相等的;不平等的equality平等，同等3 .demand用法详解(l)v.强烈要求;需要。常见搭配：demand sth. of sb.向某人要某物 demand to d

32、o sth,要求做某事demand+that从句 要求.(从句用虚拟语气，即从句的谓语用should+动原形,should可以省略 It is demanded that. 要求This job demands patience.这份工作需要耐心。They demand a reasonable explanation of us for the mistake.他们要求我们对这个错误作出合理的解释。2019 高一英语 Unit5 Languages around the World 学案-Section2-3She demanded to see the headmaster.她要求见校长。

33、It is demanded that should)go with them.我被要求与他们一起去。(2)n.需求;要求。常见搭配：a/the demand for sth.对的需求demand+that从句 的需求(从句用虚拟语气)meet/satisfy ones demands (for sth.)满足某人(对某物)的需求sth. be in great demand某物需求量大/广受欢迎Theres an increased demand for organic food these days.目前对有机食品的需求有所增加。It is our demand that she shou

34、ld go there.她去那里是我们的要求。The boss promised to meet the workers demands for higher pay.老板承诺满足工人们对更高报酬的要求。Soft drinks are in great demand in this season.这个季行,软料的需求量很大。归纳拓展相关词语积累：demanding adj.要求高的;费力的Its reported that at present many teachers feel that teaching is really a demanding job, so they have to

35、 devote lot to it.据报道，当前很多老师觉得教学确实是一份要求很高的工作，因此他们不得不对此投入很多。4 .description 用法详解descriptionM描写，形容，说明。常见搭配：beyond description难以描述,无法形容give a description of对进行描述/描写He gave vivid description of the tour.他对这次旅行进行了生动的描述。归纳拓展相关词语积累：describe vt.描述,形容;把称为describe.as把成为描述The police asked me to describe exactly

36、 how it happened.警察让我准确地描述这件事是怎么发生的。The man was described as smart and diligent.据述这个男人又聪明又勤奋。descriptive adj.描写的,叙述的The book is full of descriptive passages,这本书充满 T描写性的文章.(2)类似于beyond description的短语还有:beyond expression 难以表达 beyond doubt 亳无疑问beyond belief 以置信beyond imagination 超出想象beyond reach 够不着bey

37、ond control 无法控制5 .be in love(with)用法详解be in love(with)相爱;热爱The prince and Cinderella are in love. E子与灰姑娘坠入情网 了。In the film, beautiful girl was in love with beast 在这部影片中，美女爱上 了野兽辨析比较 fall in love (with)/be in love (with)易混短语区别fall in love (with.)表示“爱上某人”，强调动作，为短暂性动词短语，不可以与表示一段时间的状语连用be in love (with)表示“与某人相爱”，强调状态，为延续性动词短语，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用一言辨异They fell in love with each other at first sight and they have been in