高考英语总复习-时态与语态(定稿)(ppt)

1、高考语法复习 动词时态与语态 The Father and His Son Father: You know, Tom, when Lincoln _(be) your age, he _(be) a very good pupil. In fact, he _(be) the best pupil in his class. Tom: Yes, Father. I _ (know) that. But when he _(be) your age, he_ (be) President of the United States. was was was was was know Who Is

2、 the Laziest? Father: Well, Tom, I asked your teacher today, and now I want to ask you a question. Who is the laziest person in your class? Tom: I dont know, Father. Father: Oh, yes, you do! Think! When the other boys and girls are reading and writing, who sits in class and only watches how the othe

3、r people work? Tom: Our teacher, father. 动词的时态和语态是历年高考英语测试的重中之重，每年试题一般动词的时态和语态是历年高考英语测试的重中之重，每年试题一般 不低于两道。不低于两道。 命题思路有三种：命题思路有三种： 一一是直接给出标志性时间状语，考生能根据其作出选择；是直接给出标志性时间状语，考生能根据其作出选择； 二二是给出时间状语，但所给时间状语有较强的干扰性，考生不是给出时间状语，但所给时间状语有较强的干扰性，考生不 能直接根据时间状语作出选择，而需要结合语境进行判断；能直接根据时间状语作出选择，而需要结合语境进行判断； 三三是没有任何时间状语

4、，需要借助于上下文语境，才能作出正是没有任何时间状语，需要借助于上下文语境，才能作出正 确判断。确判断。 在历年有关被动语态的考题中，共涉及了七种基本时态的被动语态，在历年有关被动语态的考题中，共涉及了七种基本时态的被动语态， 其中以其中以现在完成时、一般现在时、一般过去时和现在进行时现在完成时、一般现在时、一般过去时和现在进行时考得最多。考得最多。 被动语态由被动语态由“助动词助动词be+过去分词过去分词”构成，时态通过构成，时态通过be动词表现出来。动词表现出来。 一、命题特点一、命题特点 高考命题中往往不会涉及单一的时态，而是更多高考命题中往往不会涉及单一的时态，而是更多 地侧重于时态的

5、交叉使用和时态干扰。地侧重于时态的交叉使用和时态干扰。 考生答题时要认真研读题干，寻找尽可能多的考生答题时要认真研读题干，寻找尽可能多的“时时 间参照信息间参照信息”，尤其是句中，尤其是句中其他动词的时态其他动词的时态，以及，以及修修 饰动词的状语信息饰动词的状语信息等等。关于被动语态题，做题时应等等。关于被动语态题，做题时应 首先首先根据主语与谓语的关系确定是否是被动关系，根据主语与谓语的关系确定是否是被动关系，然然 后后再根据有关时间信息确定用哪种时态。再根据有关时间信息确定用哪种时态。 还要注意还要注意的是不及物动词是不能用于被动语态当中。的是不及物动词是不能用于被动语态当中。 二、应考

6、策略二、应考策略 最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配 一般现在every , sometimes,at , on Sunday 现在进行now, 现在完成 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past years, always, recently 一般过去 yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now 过去进行 this morning, the whole mo

7、rning, all day, yesterday, from nine to ten last evening when, while 过去完成before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as 一般将来next, tomorrow, in 过去将来 多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后 的动作 一、对一般现在时的考查一、对一般现在时的考查 1.考查其考查其基本概念基本概念：一般现在时表示一个：一般现在时表示一个习惯性、经常习惯性、经常 性性的动作。常与表示习惯的副词的动作。常与表示习惯的副词always, every time, now an

8、d then, occasionally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually 等连用。但近几年，对等连用。但近几年，对一般现一般现 在时的考查在时的考查常用常用过去时态或现在完成时态过去时态或现在完成时态对考生进行对考生进行 干扰干扰。 1) Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across the open sea, which _the Pacific, and we met no storm.（2005年辽宁卷）年辽宁卷） A.was called B. is called C. had been called

9、 D. has been called 2.考查一般现在时的考查一般现在时的替代用法替代用法： 在以在以when, till/ until, as soon as, by the time, after, before等引导的时间状语从句，在以等引导的时间状语从句，在以if, unless, once等等 引导的条件状语从句和以引导的条件状语从句和以no matter, however, even if 等词引导的让步状语从句中，如果等词引导的让步状语从句中，如果主句主句中的动词用中的动词用一般一般 将来时将来时，从句从句中的动词通常用中的动词通常用一般现在时或现在完成时一般现在时或现在完成时

10、 代替代替一般将来时一般将来时。 What would you do if it _ tomorrow? We have to carry it on ,since weve got everything ready. （2005年全国卷）年全国卷） A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining 二、对一般过去时的考查二、对一般过去时的考查 一般过去时表示在过去某时某刻发生的动作或存在的状一般过去时表示在过去某时某刻发生的动作或存在的状 态，它常与表过去的时间状语连用，如态，它常与表过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, la

11、st night, the other day, just now, then, two days ago, in 1999, at that time等。但是一般过去时也等。但是一般过去时也 经常用在没有说明过去的时间状语的句子中，这是高考经常用在没有说明过去的时间状语的句子中，这是高考 的命题方向。的命题方向。 I bought a new car three days ago. More than a dozen students in that school _ abroad to study medicine last year. （2005年上海卷）年上海卷） A. sent B.

12、 were sent C. had sent D. had been sent now bought 三、对现在进行时的考查三、对现在进行时的考查 由由上下文语境上下文语境表示时间。表示时间。 1) Whats the terrible noise？ The neighbors _ for a party（2004年北京卷）年北京卷） A. have prepared B. are preparing C. prepare D. will prepare 2)Because the shop _, all the T-shirts are sold at half price. （2004年浙

13、江卷年浙江卷34题）题） A.has closed down B. closed down C. is closing down D. had closed down 3) Are you still busy? Yes, I _ my work, and it wont take long. Ajust finish B. am just finishing Chave just finished D. am just going to finish 4) Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasnt stopped ringing. Peopl

14、e _ to ask how I am going to spend the money. A.phone B. will phone C. were phoning D. are phoning 5) Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly. A.is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change 四、对过去进行时的考查四、对过去进行时的考查 I was walking down

15、the street when it began to rain. When it began to rain I was walking now 1.把过去进行时放在把过去进行时放在when, while, as 等引导的时间状语等引导的时间状语 从句中考查。如果主句谓语和从句谓语都发生在过去，从句中考查。如果主句谓语和从句谓语都发生在过去， 动作时间长的用过去进行时动作时间长的用过去进行时，表达，表达谈话背景谈话背景；动作时间动作时间 短的用一般过去时短的用一般过去时，表达，表达新的信息新的信息。 You were out when I dropped in at your house.

16、Oh, I _ for a friend from England at the airport. （2004年福建卷）年福建卷） A. was waiting B. had waited C. am waiting D. have waited 2.把过去进行时放在把过去进行时放在某特定的语境某特定的语境中考查。中考查。 Has Sam finished his homework today? I have no idea. He _ it this morning. （2004年全国卷）年全国卷） A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done 3.

17、考查考查过去进行时过去进行时与与一般过去时一般过去时的比较。的比较。 Shirley _a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it.(98） A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing 五、对现在完成时的考查五、对现在完成时的考查 1.现在完成时表示现在完成时表示过去的动作过去的动作对对现在的影响现在的影响或表示或表示经经 验。验。 2.现在完成时表示现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续至今并可能继过去的动作一直延续至今并可能继 续下

18、去续下去，常与，常与for或或since 等短语连用。等短语连用。 I_(graduate) in 1993 and in that year I _(begin) to teach English in a middle school. I _(teach) there for five years . Five years later ,I _(move) to Pinghu. I_ (teach) senior English in Danghu High School for nearly 9 years ever since then. graduated began taught

19、moved have taught/have been teaching 1993now 1998 9 years5 years 1) He was hoping to go abroad but his parents _ that they wont support him unless he can borrow money from the bank.(2005湖北湖北) A.were deciding B. have decided C. decided D. will decide 2) Millions of pounds worth of damage _by a storm

20、which swept across the north of England last night. （2005重庆）重庆） A.has been caused B. had been caused C. will be caused D. will have been caused 3)The window is dirty. I know. It _ for weeks.（2004全国卷）全国卷） A.hasnt cleaned B. didnt clean C. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned 注：由终止性动词注：由终止性动词leave, arr

21、ive, come, go, return, begin, start, put, stop, start, put, stop, die, fall, buy, borrow, see等等构成的完成时不能与构成的完成时不能与for或或since 引导的时间状语连用引导的时间状语连用。但这些。但这些终止性动词的否定式终止性动词的否定式可可 以与以与for或或since短语连用短语连用。 Eg. I havent met him for two years. 3.考查考查现在完成时现在完成时与与一般过去式一般过去式的区别：的区别： 一般过去时着重说明动作发生的时间、地点、方式一般过去时着重说明动

22、作发生的时间、地点、方式 等，与现在不发生联系，且句中一般有表示过去的等，与现在不发生联系，且句中一般有表示过去的 时间状语；而现在完成时只说明现在的情况，对现时间状语；而现在完成时只说明现在的情况，对现 在有影响。在有影响。 Where _the recorder? I cant see it anywhere.（98NMET） I _ it right here. But now its gone. A. did you put; have put B. have you put; put C. had you put; was putting D. were you putting; p

23、ut The CCTV has been broadcasting English programs ever since 1977. 1977 now 六、对现在完成进行时的考查六、对现在完成进行时的考查 构成构成: have / has been+ doing 概念概念: 表示从过去某一时刻发生的动作，一直延续表示从过去某一时刻发生的动作，一直延续 到现在，并且还可能继续下去。到现在，并且还可能继续下去。 现在完成进行时现在完成进行时与与现在完成时现在完成时的区别如下：的区别如下： 1.现在完成时与现在完成进行时现在完成时与现在完成进行时 I have written an article

24、. I have been writing an article. 2.有些延续性动词，如有些延续性动词，如live, teach, work, study, learn, stay等因现等因现 在完成时与现在完成进行时差别不大。在完成时与现在完成进行时差别不大。 I have lived here for ten years. = I have been living here for ten years. Notes：表表短暂动作的动词短暂动作的动词（finish, marry, get up, come, go等）等）一般不能用现在完成进行时一般不能用现在完成进行时。 强调：已完成性强调

25、：已完成性 强调：持续性，强调：持续性， 未完成性未完成性 1)Now that she is out of a job, Lucy_going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet.（2004年北京卷）年北京卷） A.had considered B. has been considering C. considered D. is going to consider 2) - Hi, Tracy, you look tired. “- I am tired. I _ the living room all day. A. painted B.

26、had painted C. have been painting D. have painted 七、对过去完成时态的考查七、对过去完成时态的考查 过去完成时，经常过去完成时，经常以以“过去过去”为背景为背景，要想表达比这，要想表达比这 一背景更早的动作，即一背景更早的动作，即“过去的过去过去的过去”，常用此时，常用此时 态。态。 Eg. When we got to the theatre, they had sold all the tickets. What a pity! had sold got Now 过去的过去过去的过去 George and Lucy got married

27、last week. Did you go to their wedding? No, I _. Did they have a big wedding? （2004年湖北卷）年湖北卷） A. was not invited B. have not been invited C. hadnt been invited D. didnt invite 常见考点有：常见考点有： 把过去完成时放在含有把过去完成时放在含有when, before, after, until, as soon as等引导的时间状语从句的复合句等引导的时间状语从句的复合句 中考查。中考查。 1) When the old

28、 man _ to walk back to his house, the sun _ itself behind the mountain. （2005年湖北卷）年湖北卷） A. started; had already hidden B. had started; had already hidden C. had started; was hiding D. was starting; hid 把过去完成时放在把过去完成时放在by + 过去时间点过去时间点或或by the time + 从句（一般过去时）从句（一般过去时）的句子里考查。的句子里考查。 By the end of last

29、 year, another new gymnasium _ in Beijing.（2003年上海春）年上海春） A. would be completed B. was being completed C. has been completed D. had been completed 1.-Do you work here? -No, I dont really work here. I _ until the new secretary comes. A.just help out B. have just helped out C. am just helping out D. w

30、ill just help out 举一反三破定势举一反三破定势 造成思维定式的干扰因素：造成思维定式的干扰因素：comes 从现主将从现主将误选误选 just 完成时标志完成时标志 误选误选B 题眼题眼： I dont really work here暂时性工作暂时性工作正确选项正确选项 C Just 的多义：刚正只不过引起祈使句的多义：刚正只不过引起祈使句 2. I _in London for many years，but Ive never regretted my final decision to move back to China. (重庆卷重庆卷). A. lived B.

31、was living C. have lived D. had lived 造成思维定势的干扰因素：造成思维定势的干扰因素：for many years 完成时标志完成时标志 误选误选C/D 解题关键：解题关键： For many years 与现在无联系与现在无联系 一般过去时一般过去时A 一句辨析：一句辨析： 1、现在时态 高考题点击： 1. - Can I help you, sir? - Yes, I bought this radio here yesterday, but it _. (96 N) A. didnt work B. wont work C. cant workD.

32、doesnt work 2. I _ ping-pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the new year. (2001 N) A. will play B. have playedC. playedD. play D D 说明说明：本题的干扰源为 bought yesterday，虽然是昨天买 的，但强调的是现在不响了，所以要用现在时。选项B为 次选项。 说明说明：常识告诉我们，一个人一旦获得某种技能，一般是 不会在短期内失去的，所以需用一般现在时。 3. E-mail, as well as telephone, _

33、an important part in daily communication. (99 上海) A. is playing B. have played C. are playingD. play 4. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly. (2001 N) A. is changingB. has changed C. will have changedD. will change 说明说明：E-mail 正在正在日常通讯中起着重要的作用，故需用

34、现 在进行时；而 E-mail 是主语，动词应该用单数。 说明说明：选择移动电话难的原因是由于科技正在正在飞速发展， 所以要用现在进行时；况且进行时态常给人一种情感上的 描述，表示说话者的一种“感慨、赞赏、愤怒、斥责”等。 A A 5. - Im sorry to keep you waiting. (94 N) - Oh, not at all. I _ here only a few minutes. A. have been B. had been C. wasD. will be 6. - You havent been to Beijing, have you? - _. How I

35、 wish to go there! (98 N) A. Yes, I haveB. Yes, I havent C. No, I haveD. No, I havent 说明说明：现在完成时用来表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的过去发生的动作对现在产生的 结果和影响。结果和影响。我是几分钟前到的，可现在仍在这儿。一般 过去时仅表示过去曾到过这儿，不表示现在还在这儿，所 以与本句意思无关。 说明说明：从补充的句子 “How I wish to go there!”可知“我” 没到过北京。 A D 7. - Hi, Tracy, you look tired. - I am tired. I _ t

36、he living room all day. (98 N) A. paintedB. had painted C. have been paintingD. have painted 8. I wonder why Jenny _ us recently. We should have heard from her by now.(N2002) A. hasnt writtenB. doesnt write C. wont writeD. hadnt write 说明说明：这句话的意思是“我一整天都在刷起居室”，现在 完成进行时表示从过去开始的一个动作一直持续到现在，从过去开始的一个动作一直

37、持续到现在， 而且还在进行当中而且还在进行当中。强调的是“一直在做”。 说明说明：recently 一般都与现在完成时连用；从后句“我们 本该收到她的信了”可知，她最近没来过信。 C A 用于现在完成时的句型用于现在完成时的句型 1）It is the first / second time. that结构中的从句部分，用 现在完成时。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. It was the third time that the boy had been late. 注意比较注意比较 Its time that 结构：结构：

38、 It is high time that we went to school. 2）This is the that结构，that 从句要用现在完成时. This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 This is the first time (that) Ive heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。 典型例题典型例题 (1) - Do you know our town at all? - No, this is the first time I _ here. A. was B. have been

39、C. came D. am coming (2) - Have you _ been to our town before? - No, its the first time I _ here. A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come 注意注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时 间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。 （错）I have received his letter for a month. （对）I havent received his letter for almost a

40、 month. B D 2、过去时、过去时 高考题点击：高考题点击： 1. - Nancy is not coming tonight. - But she _! (98 N) A. promises B. promisedC. will promise D. had promised 2. My uncle _ until he was forty-five. (2000 上海) A. marriedB. didnt marry C. was not marryingD. would marry 说明说明：Nancy 答应要来这个动作应该发生在过去，是过去 作出的承诺。 说明说明：until

41、 用在肯定句中时，主句的动词必须是延续性动 词，表示该动作一直持续到 until 后的时间为止；短暂性动 词只能用在否定句中，表示直到此时该动作才开始。本题 中 marry 是短暂性动词，所以只能用在否定句中。 B B 3. - You havent said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it? (N2002) - Im sorry I _ anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you. A. wasnt sayingB. dont sayC. wont

42、 sayD. didnt say 说明说明：本题的干扰源来自上下文中的时态，上文用的是现 在完成时，下文用的是一般现在时，所以有些人就误以为 此处该用现在时态了。但根据说话人的意思不难发现，没 有说出自己的评价是在这段对话以前的事了，所以要用一 般过去时。 D 4. As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. (95 N) A. read was fallingB. was reading fell C. was reading was fallingD. read fell 5. - Alice, why didnt you come yesterday

43、? - I _, but I had an unexpected visitor. (97 N) A. hadB. wouldC. was going toD. did 说明说明：一般来说在复合句中的两个动作，延续性的动作大 都用进行时，短暂性的动词用一般时，表示在某个动作进 行的过程当中另一个动作发生了。 说明说明：was going to do sth. 表示过去打算做某事；would do 表示过去愿意做某事。从后句可看出家里来了不速之客， 所以没有来，故不可能选D。 B C 6. - Hey, look where you are going! - Oh, Im terribly so

44、rry. _. (99 N) A. Im not noticingB. I wasnt noticing C. I havent noticedD. I dont notice 7. - Excuse me, Sir. Would you do me a favor? - Of course. What is it? (02 北京) - I _ if you could tell me how to fill out this form. A. had wonderedB. was wondering C. would wonderD. did wonder 说明说明：该题的干扰源来自 whe

45、re you are going，不少人误 以为是现在时了。其实很明显该动作是讲话前的事。 说明说明：本句所表达的意思很明显，要问的问题是在此之前 一直在思考的事情，故该用过去进行时。 B B 8. The little girl _ her heart out because she _ her toy bear and believed she wasnt ever going to find it. (02 北京) A. had cried, lostB. cried, had lost C. has cried, has lostD. cries, has lost 9. Helen

46、_ her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband _ home. (96 N) A. has left comesB. left had come C. had left cameD. had left would come 说明说明：哭得伤心发生在过去，而丢玩具熊发生在哭之前。 两个发生在过去的动作，之前发生的用过去完成时，之后 发生的用一般过去时。 说明说明：丢钥匙发生在前，等人发生在后；until 引导的是时 间状语从句，不能用将来时，所以只有C项可用。 B C 10. He _ to the lab than he

47、 set out to do the experiment. (99 上海) A. has no sooner gotB. no sooner got C. will no sooner getD. had no sooner got 11. John and I _ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we _ each other a couple of times before that. (2002 北京) A. had been, have seenB.

48、have seen, have seen C. had been, had seenD. have been, had seen 说明说明：本题的关键词是 than，与 than 搭配的结构只有 sb. had no sooner done than 。 说明说明：第一句表示到现在为止认识有八年了，后一句表示 在认识之前见过几次面。 D D 3、将来时、将来时 高考题点击：高考题点击： 1. If a man _ succeed, he must work as hard as he can. (95 上海) A. willB. is toC. is going toD. should 2.

49、- Youve left the light on. - Oh, so I have. _ and turn it off. (2000 N) A. Ill goB. Ive goneC. I goD. Im going 说明说明：此句的意思为“如果一个人想要成功，就必须尽力 而为”。If 引导的是条件状语从句，不能用将来时。而 be to 结构虽然表示将来的动作，但它不属于将来时。 说明说明：本句的重点是“并行结构”，关键是看后面的 turn， 所以B、C、D、都不符合。 B A 3. Ive won a holiday for two weeks to Florida. I _ my mu

50、m. (2001 北京春季) A. am taking B. have taken C. takeD. will have taken 4. We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _ office soon. (93 N) A. leavesB. would leaveC. leftD. had left 说明说明：本句的意思为“我赢得了到 Florida 度假两周的奖 励，我打算带我妈妈去。”所以应该考虑用将来时。而现 在进行时常可用来表示将来发生的动作，尤其是趋向性的 动词。 说明说明：that 引导的宾语从句中的动作“离职

51、”应该发生在 “were surprised” 之后，故需用过去将来时。 A B 4、状语从句中的时态问题、状语从句中的时态问题 高考题点击：高考题点击： 1. - Can I join the club, Dad? - You can when you _ a bit older. (94 N) A. getB. will getC. are getting D. will have got 2. In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they _. (2001上海) A. have survivedB. ar

52、e to survive C. would surviveD. will survive 说明说明：时间状语从句中没有将来时，需用一般现在时替代 一般将来时。 说明说明：条件状语从句中不用将来时，但 be to 结构不属于 将来时态形式。 A B 3. He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _ from the university next year. (2002上海) A. will graduateB. will have graduated C. graduatesD. is to graduate 4.

53、 It _ long before we _ the result of the experiment. (2002上海春季) A. will not be, will knowB. is, will know C. will not be, knowD. is, know 说明说明：by the time 引导的是时间状语从句，故不能使用将 来时。D选项虽可考虑，但 be to 结构大多用来表示“义务、 决定、职责、约定”等，与句意不合。 说明说明：before 引导的是时间状语从句，无将来时，而主句 应该用将来时。 C C 5、祈使句中的动词问题、祈使句中的动词问题 高考题点击：高考题点击

54、： 1. _ it with me and Ill see what I can do. (98 N) A. When leftB. LeavingC. If you leaveD. Leave 2. _ some of this juice - perhaps youll like it. (2000 北京春季) A. TryingB. TryC. To tryD. Have tried 3. _ at the door before entering, please. (01 北京春季) A. knocked B. To knockC. KnockingD. Knock 4. _ blood if you can and many lives will be saved. (20