陶渊明诗歌《饮酒（其五）》与华兹华斯

1、 本 科 生 毕 业 论 文 年 份 2017 学 院 外国语学院 专 业 英语 年 级 2013级 题 目陶渊明诗歌饮酒（其五）与华兹华斯 诗歌咏水仙对比研究 姓 名 和慧娟 学 号 201308401139 指导教师 吴靓媛 教 务 处 制A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON TAO YUANMINGSDRINKING WINE V AND WORDSWORTHS DAFFODILSA THESISSUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES(ENGLISH MAJOR)YUNNAN MINZU UNIVERSITYIN PARTIAL

2、FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTSFOR THE DEGREE OFBACHELOR OF ARTSBYHE HUIJUANCLASS of 2017STUDENT CODE: 201308401139SUPERVISED BYWU JINGYUANJUNE 18, 2017云南民族大学毕业论文(设计)原创性声明本人郑重声明：所呈交的毕业论文(设计)，是本人在指导教师的指导下进行研究工作所取得的成果。除论文中已经注明引用的内容外，本论文没有抄袭、剽窃他人已经发表的研究成果。本声明的法律结果由本人承担。 毕业论文(设计)作者签名： 日 期： 年 月 日关于毕业论文(设

3、计)使用授权的说明本人完全了解云南民族大学有关保留、使用毕业论文(设计)的规定，即：学校有权保留、送交论文的复印件，允许论文被查阅，学校可以公布论文(设计)的全部或部分内容，可以采用影印或其他复制手段保存论文(设计)。（保密论文在解密后应遵守）指导教师签名： 论文(设计)作者签名： 日期： 年 月 日Acknowledgments My deepest gratitude goes first and foremost to Professor Tao Ruixuan and Wu Jingyuan, my supervisors, for their constant encourageme

4、nt and guidance. They have walked me through all the stages of the writing of this thesis, given me suggestions on the topic and encourage me to finish the thesis. Without their consistent and illuminating instruction, this thesis could not finish successfully. Second, I extend my thanks to Professo

5、r Li Qiang and every teacher who has helped me with useful suggestions on the structure in his class. Besides, my thanks would go to my beloved family for their loving considerations and great confidence in me all through these years. I also owe my sincere gratitude to my friends and my fellow class

6、mates who gave me their help, encouragement and time in listening to me and helping me work out my problems during the difficult course of the thesis.AbstractThis thesis makes a comparative study of the two poems: Drinking Wine V by Tao Yuanming and Daffodils by William Wordsworth. Tao Yuanming and

7、William Wordsworth are the masters of romanticism poetry in Chinese and Western literary history, leaving a lot of popular poems to the world. Both Tao Yuanming and Wordsworth love and yearn for nature life, and their poetry is the natural expression of strong emotion and have romantic feelings.Ther

8、e are five parts in this thesis. The first part introduces Tao Yuanming and Wordsworth and their poetry, including differences in their attitude towards the hidden world and their self-consciousness and the differences between Tao Yuanmings nature of mind and Wordsworths nature of divine. The second

9、 part makes arrangement and induction of the international studies and domestic studies on Tao Yuanming and Wordsworth. The third part firstly introduces the new criticism theory, and expounds the literary ontology, structure and the context of the theory. making a detailed introduction to the appro

10、ach of close reading. Secondly this part expounds some concepts within close reading such as irony, ambiguity, tension and metaphor, and applys theory to the interpretation of the two poems. The fourth part is divided into two parts, firstly analyzing the similarities between Dinking Wine V and Daff

11、odils in emotional tone and subjects, secondly points out their differences in dictions, forms and thoughts, combining the social historical and cultural background with demonstration and causes of the similarities and the differences between the two poems. The last part summarizes the whole thesis

12、and comes to the conclusion that the similarity and differences of the authors creation and understand what leads to the similarity and differences.Key words: Dinking Wine V; Daffodils; the close reading; comparative study摘 要本文采取新批评的理论视角，结合社会以及历史文化的批评方法，对陶渊明的饮酒（其五）和威廉华兹华斯的咏水仙两首的诗歌做出比较研究。陶渊明和威廉华兹华斯是中

13、西方文学史上著名的自然诗人，留下了许多脍炙人口的诗篇。陶渊明和华兹华斯都热爱和向往自然生活，他们的诗歌都是强烈情感的自然流露，具有自然田园气息和浪漫主义情怀。本文共有五个部分。第一部分主要介绍了陶渊明、华兹华斯以及他们的诗歌，包括陶渊明的心性自然与华兹华斯的神性自然的区别；以及对待隐世的态度及自我意识展现方面的差异。第二部分对国内外学界的陶渊明和华兹华斯的研究做出整理和归纳。第三部分介绍了新批评的主要理论框架和内涵，聚焦于新批评理论观点，如文学本体论，结构肌质论以及语境理论等。第四部分主要包含两个方面，第一，介绍本文所要运用的细读法，并抓住细读法中的反讽、含混、张力、暗喻等核心概念来分析解读诗

14、歌；第二，结合作家所处的社会、历史和文化背景，对两首诗歌做出相似性和相异性这两个方面的研究分析。最后是总结部分。文章认为，通过对作品的细读，可以知道不同作者在相似题材创作中的异同，并了解其存在的原因。关键词：饮酒（其五）；咏水仙；文本细读；对比研究ivContents 云南民族大学毕业论文(设计)原创性声明iAcknowledgmentsiiAbstractiii摘 要iv1. Introduction11.1 A Brief Introduction to Tao Yuanming and His Poetry11.2 A Brief Introduction to William Word

15、sworth and His Poetry21.3 The Purpose of the Thesis32. Literature Review42.1 Overview of International and Domestic Studies42.2 Critical Comments53. A Close Reading Interpretation of Drinking Wine V and Daffodils73.1 A Brief Account of New Criticism and the Close Reading73.2 Analysis of Drinking Win

16、e V on the basis of the close reading93.3 Analysis of Daffodils on the Basis of the Close Reading104. Interpretation of Similarities and Differences Between Drinking Wine V and Daffodils124.1 The Similarities Between Drinking Wine V and Daffodils124.1.1 Similar Emotional Tone in Drinking wine V and

17、Daffodils124.1.2 Similar Subjects in Drinking Wine V and Daffodils144.1.3 Summary154.2 The Differences Between Drinking Wine V and Daffodils154.2.1 Different Languages and Different Forms Between Drinking Wine V and Daffodils154.2.2 Different Thoughts and Different Themes Between Drinking Wine V and

18、 Daffodils164.2.3 Summary165. Conclusion18References201. IntroductionPoetry is a kind of language that can express the inner feelings of poets. We can convey the emotional tone, poetic art and aesthetic realm of the poems. 1.1 A Brief Introduction to Tao Yuanming and His PoetryTao Yuanming is a famo

19、us poet of China who lived in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He learned Confucian classics, enjoyed leisure and quiet life, and loved pastoral way of life. Since the age of twenty, Tao Yuanming had began his official life, until the year of 405AD; after 405AD he was tired of official life, and then return

20、ed to pastoral life until the end of his life. At that time Tao Yuanmings thought became more mature and political attitude more clear, he realized what is the real pastoral life. The poem of Drinking Wine has twenty pieces, Drinking Wine V is the fifth and the most famous one. This poem shows Tao Y

21、uanmings life in the pastoral rural world, together with his attitude to it. Readers love it, not only because of its simple language, ingenious structure, picturesque scenery, lofty mood, but also because it contains profound philosophy, and the pursuit of the harmony between man and nature. Tao yu

22、anmings poetry has many types such as Drinking Wine, lyric poetry and Pastoral poetry, while the number of Tao Yuanmings pastoral poetry is the biggest, and the achievement is the most predominant. This kind of poetry fully embodies Tao Yuanmings lofty sentiment, embodies what the poets loved and th

23、e way he loved life, and also reflects the poets friendliness for the working people. Zhu Guangqian mentioned in his book On Poetry, Having a great relationship is very important of Tao Yuanmings success, his relatives and friends are playing an important roles in his life. Some of his friends are i

24、n political relationship of him; and some of his friends give poems as presents to him; some of his friends have mutual influence in the ideological and emotional aspects on Tao Yuanming; finally, some of his friends are in the field. The last kind of people are the closest to him (Zhu Guangqian, 20

25、08: 129) . After Tao Yuanming returned to the countryside he lived a beautiful pastoral life so he could write pastoral poems. He wrote down such lines as “For I pick chrysanthemums under the eastern hedge,/ And far away to the south I can see the mountains,/ And the mountains mists are lovely at mo

26、rning and evening,/ while birds keep flying across and back again.（“采菊东篱下，悠然见南山。山气日夕佳，飞鸟相与还。”）(7c8a705.aspx)”. Such poems are only written by the people who have experienced the real pastoral life and then are able to describe the scene, so that Tao Yuanming is in more depth, which is the embodiment

27、 of the nature of the mind of Tao Yuanming. Tao Yuanmings poetic language is plain, and in his plain language he expresses his deep feelings, and he is good at drawing and impressionistic approach to the outline of the scene with the environment.1.2 A Brief Introduction to William Wordsworth and His

28、 PoetryWilliam Wordsworth is a romantic poet in England, once honored as the “poet laureate”. Wordsworth was born in a lawyers home, attended the Saint John Institute of University of Cambridge. In 1783 his father died, he and his brothers cared by his uncle, sister Dorothy is raised by grandparents

29、. He witnessed the outbreak of the French Revolution in Europe travel, when he came back in England, his passion for the revolution has not diminished, and his grandparents was not very happy. To feel better life, he loved to go for long walks in the mountains or to boar rides. To achieve a dream th

30、at is close to nature,so he took his sister to the countryside. Dorothea is wise and considerate; she created the conditions for his creation. Later she became a poet, she has been companion Wordsworth, never married. Although Wordsworth lived in the countryside, he did not personally have any farm

31、work experience. His life is the pastoral life of the spectators. Although he has deep sympathy for the civilian thought, rural couples suffering, he intends to write about life from the plain side, to reflect the depth of farming hard work. That is why Wordsworth is an admirer of the divine nature.

32、 Wordsworths short poems are fresh, long poems are fresh and profound, against neoclassicism, elegant style, creating a fresh and lively romantic style. Wordsworths poetry is beautiful and moving, and the outstanding feature of his poetry is the emotional scene. With this kind of style, the poet goe

33、s through the subject of poetry, the language of poetry, the metrical poetry, and the choice the vocabulary to reflect emotions. One of Wordsworths most famous lyrics is Daffodils written in 1804. It is said that this poem was written by his sister and him when seeing a beautiful nature scene and we

34、re deeply attracted by the charm of nature. What is embodied in the poetic proposition is what the poet described in poetry, the “emotion recollected in tranquility”. The poem can be divided into two parts, described scene and lyrical ballad. On one hand the poet recalled ambiguous information, on t

35、he other hand, he freely enjoys the beauty endowed by nature. He likened himself to a cloud, randomly drifting, and used imaginative verse to show that poets have a kind of loneliness, and the poet has avoided loneliness. In his memory, the colorful daffodils are like stars dancing in the breeze. Wo

36、rdsworths poetic theory shook the rule of British classical poetic, powerfully promoted the reform of English poetry and the development of romanticism movement. 1.3 The Purpose of the ThesisThis thesis will make a comparative study on Tao Yuanmings poem Drinking Wine V and Wordsworths poem Daffodil

37、s, according to the theme, image, artistic and aesthetic characteristics of several parts to study the similarities and differences between the two poems and poets, to understand and grasp the spiritual world of two poets and poetic creation characteristics, to help readers have a better understandi

38、ng of the poetry in the historical and cultural background, to appreciate the simple and plain language of these poems. 2. Literature ReviewBoth the domestic and international studies of poems by Tao Yuanming and Wordsworth are mainly through the poetic languages, images, the nature-man relationship

39、s etc., considering the experience of two poets, different backgrounds, different ideas.2.1 Overview of International and Domestic StudiesTao Yuanming is an outstanding poet in Chinese poetry history. He is generally considered to be one of the greatest poets of the Six dynasties period. The critics

40、 agreed that his simple, direct, and unmannered style was at odds with the norms for literary writing in his time. He was universally viewed as a major English Romantic poet, and launched the Romantic Age in English literature with the joint publication Lyrical Ballads with his friend Samuel Taylor

41、Coleridge. The study of William Wordsworth and his works have also been popular for many years with publications on different topics. Matthew Arnold has edited and published Selected poems of Wordsworth, in which we read: “Wordsworth hasnt got his deserved reward till today. His unique understanding

42、 of “poetry is the criticism of life” provides unique insights for Wordsworths evaluation. With the guidance “poetry is the criticism of life” the guidance, Arnold put Wordsworth on the poets list with a significant position, He proposed that Wordsworths poems were excellent because of the powerful

43、application of the idea of “man, nature and life” to the theme of his expression. Arnold suggested that the distinction of Wordsworth. Not only his thinking highly and deeply applied to life but also in its nature (Matthew Arnold, 1986: 3).These two poets are often compared for their similar taste i

44、n choosing the poetic images, languages, etc. Xu Ruixiang mentioned in his paper “A comparative study of Wordsworth and Tao Yuanmings pastoral poems”, Wordsworth and Tao Yuanming are outstanding Chinese and western poets. Wordsworth was known as the Poet Laureate, and he chose to stay away from the

45、city of rural life as the subject of his poems, praised nature, claimed that people should return to nature to save the human heart. Wordsworth is one of the most important British poets after Milton and Shakespeare. And Tao Yuanmin is the first to create Chinese pastoral poetry. He advocated nature

46、, because he was tired of the office life and went back to the garden. He loved to eulogize pastoral life, to return to nature in the pursuit of freedom and inner peace. Tao Yuanming is the greatest pastoral poet in the history of Chinese Literature (Xu Ruixiang, 2006). Wang Xiaoqin in his paper “A

47、comparative study of Wordsworth and Tao Yuanming” believes that Tao Yuanming is the first pastoral poet and hermit poet in China. Wordsworth is not the first British poet of nature, but he is the most famous poet in England (Wang Xiaoqin, 1989: 76-77). Zhu Jing in his paper “A comparison between Tao

48、 Yuanming and Wordsworths creation” believes that Wordsworth and Tao Yuanming are both outstanding poets in Chinese and the western literature (Zhu Jing, 2010: 57-58). They believe that although Wordsworth and Tao Yuanming lived in different times and countries, and no influence was shown with each

49、other, but their pastoral poems have a lot in common. Due to the differences of age and cultural, ethnic background, comparison between them can not only reveal the similarities and differences between Chinese and Western nature poems, but also help find the differences between Chinese and Western c

50、lassical poets. The pastoral poems are like a bridge to communicate the Chinese and Western literary world. 2.2 Critical CommentsAlthough Tao Yuanming and William Wordsworth have different experiences, different backgrounds, and different ideas, their poetry reveals the love and worship of nature. W

51、hether it is a foreign study, or domestic research, they pay attention to the two poets affirmative evaluation. However, despite these studies, there is still space for a detailed study of the two poets different attitudes towards nature and the different aspects of emotion and aesthetics in poetry

52、creation. Therefore, in this thesis, I would like to use the theory of new criticism to interpret the two poets, and use the methods of irony, ambiguity and tension in the study to analyze the two poets different attitudes towards nature and the different aspects of emotion and aesthetics in poetic

53、creation.3. A Close Reading Interpretation of Drinking Wine V and DaffodilsThe “close reading” in New Criticism requires the analysis of the use of metaphor, ambiguity, irony, tension of the concept and theory of linguistic and structural elements in literary works as analysis and detailed explanati

54、on, to grasp the organic unity of the poem on the basis of clarification of each the conflict and tension in the poem collection on a variety of factors. Therefore, its a very important analytical technique, whose application can help appreciate the two poems in this thesis.3.1 A Brief Account of Ne

55、w Criticism and the Close ReadingThis thesis interprets two poems from the perspective of new criticism theory. The called new criticism theory is one of the most influential genres in modern literary criticism. It originated in the UK in 1920s, matured in 1930s in the United States, and in 1940s an

56、d 1950s has became trend in the United States. In late 50s, the new criticism is gradually fading, semantic analysis based on the text ,but the new criticism advocated and practice is still the basic method of literary criticism one of todays literary criticism especially poetry criticism. The new c

57、riticism theory is divided into three parts: literary ontology, structural and textural theory and context theory. The literary ontology criticism was put forward by Ransom, who is the first one to put the philosophical term the main body into the literary studies. The new criticism holds that literary works are a complete multilevel artistic object and an independent world. Taking works as a noumenon, the study of literary features