2021年最新TED英语演讲：如何在6个月内学会一门外语

1、资料来源：来自本人网络整理！祝您工作顺利！2021年最新ted英语演讲：如何在6个月内学会一门外语 龙飞虎在18分钟内，将主题精华浓缩得淋漓尽致，带着着群众的思维从成年人不敢信任还能学会外语，到充分理解成年人如何能在6个月学会外语。下面是我为大家搜集关于ted英语演讲：如何在6个月内学会一门外语，欢送借鉴参考。 how to learn any language in six months 演讲者：chris lonsdale / 中英对比演讲稿 / have you ever held a question in mind for so long that it becomes part o

2、f how you think?maybe even part of who you are as a person? 你是否曾经把一个问题留在心中很久，结果它已经成为你的一种思路?甚至可能已经成为你自己的一局部? well ive had a question in my mind for many, many years and that is: how can you speed up learning? now, this is an interesting question because if you speed up learning you can spend less tim

3、e at school. and if you learn really fast, you probably wouldnt have to go to school at all. 有一个问题我思索了许多许多年，就是：你怎样才能加快自己学习的速度?这是一个很好玩的问题，因为假如你可以加快自己的学习速度，你就可以花更少时间在学校里。 假如你真的可以学习得特殊快，你可能根本就不用去上学。 now, when i was young, school was sort of okay but i found quite often that school got in the way of lea

4、rning so i had this question in mind: how do you learn faster? and this began when i was very, very young. when i was about eleven years old i wrote a letter to researchers in the soviet union, asking about hypnopaedia, this is sleep learning, where you get a tape recorder, you put it beside your be

5、d and it turns on in the middle of the night when youre sleeping, and youre supposed to be learning from this. 我小时候上学还凑合，但我经常发觉上学会阻碍学习，因此在我心里面有了这样一个问题：怎样才能学得更快呢?(这个想法)在我很小时候已经开头了，大约我11 岁时，我给前苏联的讨论者写了一封关于睡眠学习的信， 所谓睡觉学习，就是拿个磁带录音机放在你床边， 等你入眠后机器开头播放磁带，目的是通过这种方式来学习。 a good idea, unfortunately it doesnt w

6、ork. but, hypnopaedia did open the doors to research in other areas and weve had incredible discoveries about learning that began with that first question.i went on from there to become passionate about psychology and i have been involved in psychology in many ways for the rest of my life up until t

7、his point. 这看似 一个好办法，不幸的是它行不通。但睡眠学习的确翻开了讨论其他领域的大门，并且我们从讨论这个问题开头已经有了一些惊人的发觉。从那开头我对心理学布满热情，直到如今我已经投入了几十年的时间从事心理学相关的不同讨论和工作。 in 1981 i took myself to china and i decided that i was going to be native level in chinese inside two years.now, you need to understand that in 1981, everybody thought chinese w

8、as really, really difficult and that a westerner could study for ten years or more and never really get very good at it.and i also went in with a different idea which was: taking all of the conclusions from psychological research up to that point and applying them to the learning process. 1981年，我来到了

9、中国, 并且打算在两年内我的汉语要到达像中文母语者一样的程度。你需要明白的是, 在 20 世纪 80 年月初，全部人都认为汉语是真的很难学，一个西方人可能学习10 年或以上也未必能学好。还有，我带着一种不同的想法，就是把心理学对这个问题讨论所得的全部结论运用到我学习的过程当中。 what was really cool was that in six months i was fluent in mandarin chinese and took a little bit longer to get up to native. but i looked around and i saw all

10、 of these people from different countries struggling terribly with chinese, i saw chinese people struggling terribly to learn english and other languages, and so my question got refined down to: how can you help a normal adult learn a new language quickly, easily and effectively? 特殊棒的是, 我在六个月内能说流利的中

11、文，不久后，我到达了中文母语者的程度。但我看到四周那些来自不同国家的人在为学习中文苦苦挣扎，中国人在为学习英文或其他语言苦苦挣扎，因此我的问题便细化到：怎样关心一位正常的成年人更快、更简单和有效地学会其次门语言。 now this is a really, really important question in todays world. we have massive challenges with environment. we have massive challenges with social dislocation, with wars, all sorts of things

12、going on and if we cant communicate were really going to have difficulty solving these problems.so we need to be able to speak each others languages. this is really, really important. 要强调的是，在今日的世界里这是一个特别特别重要的问题。我们需要面对大量的(有关)环保问题的挑战，我们需要面对许多社会混乱和战斗的挑战，各种各类事情在发生，假如我们不能沟通那我们将难以解决这些问题。因此，我们需要可以说对方的语言。这真

13、的特别重要。 the question then is how do you do that? well, its actually really easy. you look around for people who can already do it, you look for situations where its already working and then you identify the principles and apply them. its called modeling and ive been looking at language learning and m

14、odeling language learning for about fifteen to twenty years now. 接下来的问题是，怎样做到?这事实上是很简单的。看看你四周那些已经做到的人，查找在什么状况下，它是有效的，识别这些原那么后好好利用它们。这是一种高科技仿照，而我已经用这种方法讨论语言学习大约15到20年了。接着多年的观看，我得到的结论是，任何一个成年人能在6个月内把任何外语学得流利。 and my conclusion, my observation from this is that any adult can learn a second language to

15、fluency inside six months.now when i say this, most people think im crazy, this is not possible. so let me remind everybody of the history of human progress, its all about expanding our limits. 呐，当我说成年人能在6个月内学会任何一种外语，大多数人都认为我疯了，这是不行能的。因此，先让我提示在座各位关于人类历史的进展，全部人类历史都是在扩展我们的极限。 in 1950 everybody believe

16、d that running one mile in four minutes was impossible and then roger bannister did it in 1956 and from there its got shorter and shorter. 100 years ago everybody believed that heavy stuff doesnt fly。except it does and we all know this. how does heavy stuff fly?we reorganize the materials using prin

17、ciples that we have learned from observing nature, birds in this case. 在20世纪50年月，全部人都信任跑出4分钟1英里的成果是不行能的，后来罗杰?班尼斯特在1965年做到了，而从那开头跑1英里的时间变得越来越短。100年前，每个人都信任重的物体不能飞。它不但可以飞，而且我们大家都知道这个事实。那么，重物是怎样飞的呢?我们观看大自然的原理，在此是鸟飞行的原理，依据这些我们重新组织材料来使重物可以飞。 and today weve gone ever further, so you can fly a car. you can

18、 buy one of these for a couple hundred thousand us dollars. we now have cars in the world that can fly.and theres a different way to fly that weve learned from squirrels. 如今，我们甚至走得更远，你可以驾驶一辆会飞的汽车。你可以花几十万美元购置一辆这样的汽车。我们如今有了会飞的汽车了。在能飞的松鼠的身上我们学会了另一种不同的方式来飞。 so all you need to do is copy what a flying sq

19、uirrel does, build a suit called a wing suit and off you go, you can fly like a squirrel. 你只要做的是去复制一只飞鼠如何飞的原理，建筑一套翼服，你就可以像一只飞鼠那样可以在天空中飞行。 now, most people, a lot of people, i wouldnt say everybody but a lot of people think they cant draw.however there are some key principles, five principles that yo

20、u can apply to learning to draw and you can actually learn to draw in five days.so, if you draw like this, you learn these principles for five days and apply them and after five days you can draw something like this. 那么，大多数人，许多人，我不会说全部人，但许多人认为他们不会画画。然而这里有一些重要的原那么，5个原那么你可以利用来学习画画并且事实上你可以在5天内学会。假如你平常画

21、成这样，那么你学习5天这些原那么, 然后应用它们，5天后，你可以画成这样。 now i know this is true because that was my first drawing and after five days of applying these principles that was what i was able to do. and i looked at this and i went wow, so thats how i look like when im concentrating so intensely that my brain is exploding

22、. 我知道这是真的，因为那是我第一次画的，5 天后我应用了这些原那么，我可以做到这样。当我看着这个，我哇了一声，那就是我特别剧烈的专注，专注到我大脑快要爆炸的样子呀! so, anybody can learn to draw in five days and in the same way, with the same logic, anybody can learn a second language in six months. 因此，任何人都可以用 5 天时间学会画画，同样地，用同样的方式和规律，任何人都可以在 6 个月内学会一门外语。 how: there are five prin

23、ciples and seven actions.there may be a few more but these are absolutely core.and before i get into those i just want to talk about two myths, dispel two myths. 怎么做呢?有 5个原那么和 7个行动可以参考。可能有更多，但这些肯定是核心局部。进入这些点之前我想先说说两个误区并消退它们。 the first is that you need talent.let me tell you about zoe. zoe came from

24、australia, went to holland, was trying to learn dutch, struggling a great deal and finally people were saying: youre completely useless, youre not talented, give up, youre a waste of time and she was very, very depressed.and then she came across these five principles, she moved to brazil and she app

25、lied them and within six months she was fluent in portuguese, so talent doesnt matter. 误区一, 你需要有天赋。让我跟你们说说关于佐伊的事情。佐伊是澳大利亚人，她去到荷兰并尝试学习荷兰语。她特别挣扎，最终人们跟她说，没用的，你没有天赋，还是放弃吧，你根本就是在铺张时间。她对此感到特别沮丧。后来，她无意中发觉了这 5 个原那么，去了巴西，并把这些原那么应用到她学习葡萄牙语中，6 个月内，她可以说流利的葡萄牙语了。因此，天赋不重要。 people also think that immersion in a ne

26、w country is the way to learn a language. but look around hong kong, look at all the westerners whove been here for ten years, who dont speak a word of chinese.look at all the chinese living in america, britain, australia, canada who have been there ten, twenty years and they dont speak any english.

27、 immersion per se doesnt not work, why? because a drowning man cannot learn to swim. 人们还认为学会一门外语最好的方式就是，到说该门语言的国家去。但是看看在香港已经呆了 10 年的西方人，还是一句中文也不会说。看看那些居住在美国、英国、澳大利亚、加拿大 10 年、20 年的中国人，还是不会一句英文。只呆在一个新的国家本身是没有用的。为什么?因为溺水的人是学不会游泳的。 when you dont speak a language youre like a baby and if you drop yoursel

28、f into a context which is all adults talking about stuff over your head, you wont learn. so, what are the five principles that you need to pay attention to; 当你不能说那种语言，你就像一个婴儿，假如你进入一个环境，那里全部都是成年人在叽叽呱呱的说一些你完全听不明白的话，你还是学不会。那么你需要留意的那 5 个原那么是什么呢? first: there are four words, attention, meaning, relevance

29、 and memory, and these interconnect in very important ways. especially when youre talking about learning.come with me on a journey through a forest.you go on a walk through a forest and you see something like this.little marks on a tree, maybe you pay attention, maybe you dont. 首先，有四个词，留意力、含义、关联和记忆。

30、这些在许多特别重要的方面是互相连接的，特殊在你议论学习时。请跟随我来一趟森林之旅。你穿越森林，然后你看到一个像这样的东西。你可能留意到树上的这些小标记，可能没有。 you go another fifty metres and you see this.you should be paying attention.another fifty metres, if you havent been paying attention, you see this.and at this point, youre paying attention. and youve just learned that

31、 this is important, its relevant because it means this, and anything that is related, any information related to your survival is stuff that youre going to pay attention to and therefore youre going to remember it. 然后你连续向前走 50 米，你看到了这个。你应当要留意了。再 50 米，假如你还没留意的话，你会看到这个。当看到这个的时候，你就要留意了。你刚刚学习到了这个是重要的，它与

32、你有重要关系，因为它代表这个。任何有关联的东西，任何有关你生存的信息都是值得你留意的，而你给留意力的就会记住的。 if its related to your personal goals then youre going to pay attention to it, if its relevant youre going to remember it. so, the first rule, the first principle for learning a language is focus on language content that is relevant to you.whi

33、ch brings us to tools.we master tools by using tools and we learn tools the fastest when they are relevant to us. so let me share a story. a keyboard is a tool. typing chinese a certain way, there are methods for this. 假如它关于你个人目的的，那么你就会留意到它，假如它与你是有关联的，你就会记住它。因此，学习一门语言的第一个原那么就是, 留意那些与你息息相关的语言内容上。这就让我

34、们谈到工具。我们通过用法工具来把握工具，而当这些工具与我们息息相关的时候，我们就可以学得很快。先让我共享一个故事。 thats a tool.i had a colleague many years ago who went to night school; tuesday night, thursday night, two hours each night, practicing at home, she spent nine months, and she did not learn to type chinese. 键盘是一个工具。有不同方法打中文字。这些方法属于工具的一种。多年前，我

35、有一位同事，她上夜校学习中文打字。每周二、周四晚上，她都用 2 个小时上课，然后也在家练习，她花了 9 个月的时间，仍旧没学会打中文字。 and one night we had a crisis.we had forty eight hours to deliver a training manual in chinese. and she got the job, and i can guarantee you in forty eight hours, she learned to type chinese because it was relevant, it was importan

36、t, it was meaningful, she was using a tool to create value.so the second tool for learning a language is to use your language as a tool to communicate right from day one. as a kid does. 一天晚上，我们有一件紧急的事情。我们有 48 个小时来预备用中文发表一本训练手册。她获得了这个任务 ，并且我可以像你保证，在 48 个小时内，她学会了用中文打字。因为这是相关的、重要的、有意义的，她在用法一种工具来制造价值。因此

37、，学习一门语言的其次个工具是从第一天开头，用你的语言作为一种工具来沟通，像一个孩子那样做。 when i first arrived in china i didnt speak a word of chinese, and on my second week i got to take a train ride overnight.i spent eight hours sitting in the dining car talking to one of the guards on the train. he took an interest in me for some reason,

38、and we just chatted all night in chinese and he was drawing pictures and making movements with his hands and facial expressions and piece by piece by piece i understood more and more. 当我初次来到中国，我一句中文都不会说。其次个星期我乘坐火车过夜。我花了 8 个小时，坐在餐车，跟一位乘警聊。因为某种缘由，他对我很感爱好。我们在那用中文聊了整夜，随着他画画、比划双手并动用他的面部表情，我渐渐地明白越来越多。 but

39、 what was really cool, was two weeks later, when people were talking chinese around me, i was understanding some of this and i hadnt even made any effort to learn that. what had happened? id absorbed it that night on the train, which brings us to the third principle when you first understand the mes

40、sage, then you will acquire the language unconsciously. 但是真正好玩的是，两个星期后，当人们在我四周说中文的时候，我可以明白一些而且我并没有为之付出任何努力。发生了什么?在火车的那晚我已经汲取了中文，这也是我们要说的第三个原那么。当你已经理解沟通的信息含义，接下来你将不知不觉下意识的获得该语言。 and this is really, really well documented now, its something called comprehensible input and theres twenty or thirty years

41、 of research on this. stephen krashen, a leader in the field has published all sorts of these different studies and this is just from one of them. 而且这是有充分的证据证明的，我们把它称之为可明白输入，而这个概念被讨论了讨论二三十年。此领域的佼佼者史蒂夫克拉申发布了各类不同的学术讨论成果，而这些数据来自他的一个报告。 the purple bars show the scores on different tests for language. th

42、e purple people were people who had learned by grammar and formal study, the green ones are the ones who learned by comprehensible input. so, comprehension works.comprehension is key and language learning is not about accumulating lots of knowledge. in many, many ways its about physiological trainin

43、g. 条形图里面的紫色局部显示不同语言测试的成果。紫色代表那些通过正式学习和学习语法的人，绿色的代表那些通过可明白输入学习的人。因此，可明白意思的输入是有效的。理解是很关键的，而学语言本身不仅仅是猎取大量的学问。在许多方面，更多的是生理的训练。 a woman i know from taiwan did great at english at school, she got a grades all the way through, went through college, a grades, went to the us and found she couldnt understand

44、what people were saying. and people started asking her: are you deaf? and she was. english deaf. 我认识一位来自台湾的女士，上学时英文成果很好，大学英语也很优秀。后来，她到了美国，竟然发觉自己听不懂别人在说什么。然后人们开头问她：你是聋的吗?她的确是。英语聋子。 because we have filters in our brain that filter in the sounds that we are familiar with and they filter out the sounds

45、of languages were not. and if you cant hear it, you wont understand it and if you cant understand it, youre not going to learn it. 因为在我们大脑里有一些过滤器会关心我们过滤熟识的语言声音进入脑子里，而把不熟识的语言声音过滤出去。假如你听不到，你不会明白;你听不明白，你将不能学会它。 so you actually have to be able to hear these sounds.and there are ways to do that but its p

46、hysiological training. speaking takes muscle. youve got forty-three muscles in your face, you have to coordinate those in a way that you make sounds that other people will understand. 因此，你必需可以听到这些声音。这里有一些方法来做到，但这些是生理上的训练。说话需要用到肌肉。在你的脸上有 43 块肌肉，你必需协调好这些肌肉来发声，让别人明白你的话。 if youve ever done a new sport f

47、or a couple of days, then you know how your body feels. and it hurts. if your face is hurting youre doing it right. 假如你曾经有做过几天新的运动，你会知道你的身体有什么感觉。有点酸疼。假如你的面部有这种酸疼的感觉，那就对了。 and the final principle is state. psycho-physiological state. if youre sad, angry, worried, upset, youre not going to learn. peri

48、od. if youre happy, relaxed, in an alpha brain state, curious, youre going to learn really quickly, and very specifically you need to be tolerant of ambiguity. if youre one of those people who needs to understand 100% every word youre hearing, you will go nuts, because youll be incredibly upset all

49、the time, because youre not perfect. 最终一个原那么是状态。心理生理的状态。假如你难过、生气、担忧、沮丧，你将不能学会。肯定是这样。假如你是在一个快乐、放松、好奇的大脑状态下，你将很快学会，而且需要明确的一点是，你需要忍受歧义。假如你是那种在听的时候需要百分百听明白别人在说的每一个词的人之一，你会因为你无时无刻(的)沮丧感和你的不完善而发疯了。 if youre comfortable with getting some, not getting some, just paying attention to what you do understand, y

50、oure going to be fine, youll be relaxed and youll be learning quickly. 假如你对听明白一些、听不明白一些而感到舒适，并把留意力放在你明白的局部，你将会学好，而且你的状态越轻松，你将学得越快。 so based on those five principles, what are the seven actions that you need to take 那么在这 5 个原那么上，你还需要哪 7 个行动呢? number one: listen a lot. i call it brain soaking。you put

51、yourself in a context where youre hearing tons and tons and tons of a language and it doesnt matter if you understand it or not。 youre listening to the rhythm ,youre listening to the patterns that repeat, youre listening to things that stand out。 so, just soak your brain in this. 第一，多听。我把它叫做泡脑子。你把自己

52、置放在听许多许多语言的环境当中，听得明白与否无关重要。在听的时候，你是在听它的节奏、听它重复的形式、听凸出来的词语。像这个泡泡你的脑子。 the second action: is that you get the meaning first, even before you get the words. you go well how do i do that?， i dont know the words. well, you understand what these different postures mean. human communication is body languag

53、e in many, many ways, so much body language. 其次个行动是，在猎取单词之前先猎取它的意思。你可能在想，这个我怎么知道的呢?我不知道那些单词!但你可以理解那些不同手势代表的含义。身体语言占据人类沟通的一大局部。 from body language you can understand a lot of communication, therefore, youre understanding, youre acquiring through comprehensible input.and you can also use patterns that

54、 you already know. if youre a chinese speaker of mandarin and cantonese and you go vietnam, you will understand 60% of what they say to you in daily conversation, because vietnamese is about 30% mandarin, 30% cantonese. 从身体语言，你可以理解许多对话内容，因此，你通过可明白输入理解、猎取它的含义。你还可以利用你已经知道的形式。假如你是说国语和粤语，当你去到越南，你可以明白 60

55、%的日常用语，因为越南话有 30%的国语和 30%的粤语。 the third action: start mixing. you probably have never thought of this but if youve got ten verbs, ten nouns and ten adjectives you can say one thousand different things. language is a creative process. what do babies do? okay: me, bat(h)， now， okay, thats how they com

56、municate.so start mixing, get creative, have fun with it, it doesnt have to be perfect it just has to work. 第三个行动：开头混合。你可能之前没有想过这个，但假如你有10个动词，10个名词和 10个形容词，你可以说一千句不同的话。语言是制造的过程。孩子是怎么做的呢?我，澡澡，如今.这就是他们说话的方式。所以如今开头混合、制造并从中获得兴趣。你不需要做到完善，你能沟通就好。而且当你这样做的时候，你把留意力放在核心上。 and when youre doing this you focus o

57、n the core. what does that mean? well any language has high frequency content. in english 1000 words covers 85% of anything youre ever going to say in daily communication. 3000 words give you 98% of anything youre going to say in daily conversation. you got 3000 words, youre speaking the language. the rest is icing on the cake. 任何语言都有它的高频内容。英语有1000个高频词掩盖你85%的日常沟通。而3000个高频词将掩盖98%的日常沟通。你有 3000个高频词，你将可以说一门外语。剩余的是锦上添花。 and when youre just beginning with a new language s