英语初高中衔接辅导材料(教师版)专题一_名词

1、英语初高中衔接辅导材料（教师版）专题一 名词知识训练和讲解一、初中知识点回顾（一）感知体验D1- Where have you been, Tim? - Ive been to _.A. the Henry house B. the Henry family C. The Henrys home D. HenrysB2In England, if _ is in the middle of the day, the evening meal is called supper.A. food B. lunch C. breakfast D. dinnerB3You looked for it t

2、wice, but you havent found it. Why not try _ .A. three times B. a third time C. the third time D. onceB4- They are thirsty. Will you please give them _ ? - Certainly.A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of water C. some bottle of water D. some bottle of watersB 5Mike hurt one of his _ in the ac

3、cident yesterday.A. tooth B. feet C. hand D. earB6There is some _ on the plate.A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pearsA7In England, the last name is the _ .A. family name B. middle C. given name D. full nameD8They are going to fly _ to Beijing.A. Germen B. Germany C. Germanys D. GermansC9The_ has two _

4、. A. boys; watches B. boy; watch C. boy; watches D. boys; watchC 10The little baby has two _ already. A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teethsC11Whats your _ for being late again?A. idea B. key C. excuse D. newsD12- Its dangerous here. Wed better go out quickly.- But I think we should let _ go out firs

5、t.A. woman and children B. women and child C. woman and child D. women and childrenB13- You can see Mr. Smith if there is a sign “_ ”on the door of his shop.- Thanks.A.ENTRANCE B.BUSINESS HOURS C.THIS SIDE UP D.NO SMOKINGA14Are they going to have a picnic on _ ?A. Childrens Day B. Childrenss Day C.

6、Childrens Day D. Children DayB 15Where are the students? Are they in _ ?A. the Room 406 B. Room 406 C. the 406 Room D. 406 RoomA 16. Are there any _ in the picture? Yes, there are. A. fish B. pork C. beef D.sheepsD 17.The singer felt very sorry and decided he would never drive again after drinking.

7、The traffic accident was really a _ to him. Agame B. pleasure C. skill D. lesson C18. Would you please pass me something to drink? What about some _? A. beefB. fishC. juice D. breadB 19. Excuse me. may 1 know your_? Sure. Its No. 3. Bridge Street.A. house B. address C. way D. placeC 20. _ about the

8、sports meeting make us excited.A. NewsB. InformationC. MessagesD. AdviceA 21. Can you imagine what life will be like in _ time?A. 50 yearsB. 50 yearsC. 50-yearsD. 50-yearsD22. The old man used to raise many _ to make a living on the farm.A.duck B. horse C.bird D.sheepA 23. Please pick up the _. Dont

9、 keep it on the floor.A. paper B. boxes C. books D. bottles16-20 21-25 D 24. Could you please tell me something about the two_ ? _. They arc exchange students of No. 1 Middle School.A. Frenchmen; Yes, please B. Frenchmans; Come on C. Germen; Not at all D. Germans; All rightD 25.How many teachers are

10、 there in your school? them over two hundred. A. woman; The number of; is B. women; The number of; is C. woman; A number of; is D. women; A number of; are（二）归纳讲解1、名词的种类专有名词 London, John, the Communist Party of China 普通名词 nurse, boy, worker, pencil, dog, table 集体名词 class, family, army, police, team,

11、people 物质名词 water, steel, glass, cotton, wood, sand 抽象名词 happiness, love, work, life, courage, honest 2、名词的句法功能主语 My family is now in New York. 表语 His father is a scientist. 宾语 We love our great motherland. 宾语补足语 He made London the base for his work. 定语 The girls are making paper flowesrs. 状语 The ca

12、r cost him 1000 dollars. 同位语 Mr Brown, a famous scientist, will come here. 3、名词的数(1).可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。(2).可数名词复数形式规则变化一般情况在词尾加-s。以s，x，ch，sh，结尾的词加-es。以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加-es。但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加-s。以o结尾的词多数都加-es。例如:heroheroes，potatopotatoes，tomatotomatoes,但词末两元字母的词只加-s。例如：zoozoos，radioradios，还有某些外来

13、词也只加-s，例如photophotos，pianopianos。以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f为v再加-es，例如：knifeknives，leafleaves, halfhalves。复数词尾s（或es）的读音方法如下表所示。情况 读法 例词 在ptkf等清辅音后scups, hats, cakes在sztd3F等音后izglasses, pages, oranges,buses, watches,faces在bdgv等浊辅音后zbeds, dogs, cities, knives名词不规则的复数形式，例如：manmen，womanwomen，toothteeth，footfeet，chil

14、dchildren，mousemice。【注意】与man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women。例如：an Englishman，two Englishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数形式为 Germans；man, woman等作定语时，它的复数以其所修饰的名词的两者都要变复数，如：menworkers， women teachers。有个别名词单复数一样，例如：Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，fish等。但当fish表示不同种类的鱼时，可以加复数词尾。单数形式但其意为复数的名词有：people, police等。数词+名词作定语时，这

15、个名词一般保留单数形式，中间加连字符。例如 an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk。还有些名词仅有复数形式，如：trousers，clothes，chopsticks，glasses，goods，ashes，scissors，compasses。只用作单数的复数形式的名词有： 科学名词：physics, mathematics/maths 游戏名称：bowls 专有名词：the United States, Niagara Falls 其他名词：news, falls4、名词的所有格 名词所有格，用来表示人或物的所有，以及所属关系。1. 表示有生命的名词的所有格

16、其单数形式是加 s,其复数形式是s。2. 如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加 s，如：Childrens Day。3. 在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用 s。4. 无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构。5. 双重所有格，例如：a friend of my fathers。【注意】如果两个名词并列，并且分别有 s，则表示“分别有”，例如：Johns and Marys rooms（约翰和玛丽各有一间，共两间）；Toms and Marys bikes（两人各自的自行车）。两个名词并列，只有一个s，则表示“共有”，例如：John and Marys room（约翰和玛丽共有

17、一间）；Tom and Marys mother（即Tom与Mary是兄妹）。二、高中知识点展望（一）感知体验C1.We always keep _ spare paper, in case we ran out.A. too much B. a number of C. plenty of D. a good many【解析】 “paper”作为“纸”解释时为不可数名词，所以先排除B和D两个选项。根据题意“我们总是准备充足的备用纸张，以防用光。”选择答案C。too much意为“太多”尽管修饰不可数名词，但用在这儿不符合题意。B2.The young dancers looked so ch

18、arming in their beautiful clothes that we took _ pictures of them. A. many of B. masses of C. the number of D. a large amount of【解析】答案为masses of 意为“大量的”既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词；the number of意为“的数量”；a large amount of意为“大量的”后接不可数名词；“many of”后接前面带有定冠词的名词，意为“中的许多”。 D3.The village is far away from here indeed.

19、Its _ walk. A. a four hour B. a four hours C. a four-hours D. a four hours【解析】“walk, ride, drive”等用做名词可用来表示一般距离，其用法结构为：“时间名词的所有格+这些名词”。B4.The_ is just around the corner and you wont miss it. A. bicycles shop B .bicycle shop C. bicycles shop D bicycles shop【解析】表示什么样的商店要用单数名词修饰“shop”。D5.He dropped the

20、 _and broke it. A. cup of coffee B. coffees cup C. cup for coffee D. coffee cup【解析】coffeecup意为“咖啡杯”是指“用来喝咖啡的杯子”。名词作定语修饰名词。A6.Most air pollution is caused by the burning of_ _ like coal, gas and oil. A. fuels B. articles C. goods D. products 【解析】由题干中的“coal，gas，oil”可知都是燃料，故正确答案A项意为“燃料”。articles意为“物品”；

21、goods意为“货物、商品”；products意为“产品”。D7.To save some of the human languages before they are forgotten,the students in our school started a discussion “Save Our ”. A. Sky B. Life C. Arts D. Voices【解析】由语境可知，此处指人类的语言，而语言是人类说的声音，因此用“voices”。A8.Shall we go out for a walk?Sorry. This is not the right to invite m

22、e. I am too tired to walk.A. moment B. situation C. placeD. chance【解析】句意：“我们出去散散步好吗？”“对不起，这不是邀请我的合适的时间，我太累了而不想去散步。”moment意为“某一时刻，片刻”；situation意为“情形，状况”；place意为“地方”；chance意为“机会”。A9.Whats the of having a public open space where you cant eat, drink or even simply hang out for a while?A. sense B. matter

23、 C. caseD. opinion【解析】本题所设的语境是：有这样一个你在那里不能吃、不能喝甚至不能动的公共开放场所有什么意义呢？sense意为“意义、意识”；matter意为“问题，麻烦”；case意为“情况，问题”；opinion意为“意见，看法”。四个选项中只有A项符合语境。BB 10.The young man made a _to his parents that he would try to earn his own living after graduation. A. prediction . promise C. plan D. contribution【解析】句意：这位

24、年轻人向他的父母许诺说毕业之后他将努力自食其力。make a promise意为“许诺、答应”其后的“that”从句为同位语从句，补充说明先行词“promise”的内容，其它选项不合句意。A11.It is no arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind. A. use B. help C. time D. way【解析】 “it is no use后接动词+ing形式”或“动词+ing形式短语”表示“做某事没有用”。B12.Dont leave matches or cigarettes on the table with

25、in _ of little children. A. hand B. reach C. space D. distance【解析】within ones reach意为“伸手拿（够）得到”，是习语。（二）归纳讲解名词是英语的主要词汇之一，也是历年高考的重要考点。1、综合近几年高考对名词的考查题型1）单项填空题中，每年都出现12道题。2）阅读理解和完形填空中。2、考题内容1）名词的一词多义、熟词新意。2）名词的“可数”与“不可数”。3）主谓语一致。包括抽象名词却有复数形式；集体名词的单、复数意义。4）词语的固定搭配及名词作定语。5）近义词词义辨析。3、建议；1）、在学习或使用中应注意：（1）名

26、词是可数还是不可数 （2）是单数还是复数 （3）是否有无冠词 （4）谓语动词用单数还是复数2）、在备考中一定要结合具体的语境去感悟、理解名词的辨析、名词的一词多义以及名词的习惯用法等。三、巩固提升B1. The _ of the room were covered with _.A. roofs, leafsB. roofs, leavesC. rooves, leafsD. rooves, leavesD2. Which do you prefer _ or _?A. potatos, tomatosB. potatos, tomatoesC. potatoes, tomatosD. pot

27、atoes, tomatoesD3. They are _ of different presses(出版社). Now they are having a meeting in one of the _ office.A. editor-in-chiefs, editors-in-chiefsB. editors-in-chief, editor-in-chiefsC. editors-in-chiefs, editors-in-chiefsD. editors-in-chief, editors-in-chiefsB4. It was _ hot weather that many of

28、us went swimming.A. soB. suchC. so asD. such aC5. _ wonderful space they saw on the room!A. HowB. How aC. WhatD. What aA6. My family raise a lot of _, including two _.A. cattle, cowsB. cows, cattleC. cattles, cowsD. cow, cattlesA 7. A number of soldiers _ at he camp gate（军营门口）.A. have gatheredB. has

29、 gatheredC. isD. wasB8. The Browns have spent a large _ of money on their new car.A. dealB. amountC. numberD. sizeC9. _ work has been done to improve the peoples living standard.A. ManyB. A great manyC. A great deal ofD. A number ofC10. Mr Li shook _ warmly with a friend.A. handB. a handC. handsD. t

30、he handsB11. Two _, please.A. coffee B. coffees C. cup of coffeeD. cups coffeeD12. I cant pay as _ as he asked for. A. high price aB. high priceC. a high priceD. high a priceA13. _ knowledge of space develops rapidly.A. Mans B. Mens C. Mens D. PersonsC14. Sister Carrie works in a _ factory.A. shoes

31、B. shoses C. shoe D. shoesD15. Have you ever read _?A. today newspaperB. newspaper today C. newspaper of todayD. todays newspaperB16. The mother over there is _ mother.A. Julia and MaryB. Julia and MarysC. Julias and MarysD. Julias and MaryD17. Li Mings handwriting is better than _ in the class.A. a

32、nyonesB. anyone elseC. anyones elsesD. anyone elsesC18. The children are playing _ on the _.A. sand, sandB. sands, sandsC. sand, sandsD. sands, sandB19. Tom usually takes a _ in bus on rainy days.A. walk B. ride C. trip D. travelA20. We have no _ about where she has gone.A. informationB. newsC. mess

33、ageD. flashD21. Food and _ are daily necessities（需要）for the people.A. clothB. clotheC. clothesD. clothingB22. My _ of hearing is not so good as it used to be.A. strength B. sense C. power D. skillD23. The _ caused by carelessness _ yesterday. Many workers were killed.A. incident, was happenedB. matt

34、er, happenedC. event, was taken placeD. accident, took placeA24. _ has been told not to throw waste things anywhere. A. The publicB. PeopleC. WomenD. ManB25. He was an _ in the government _.A. office, officialB. official, officeC. officer, officeD. official, officerC26. We visited him _ when he was

35、in hospital.A. every other daysB. each other dayC. every other dayD. every two dayC27. The police _ looking into the matter now.A. be B. is C. are D. are going toB28. The Chinese are _ brave and hard working people.A. the B. a C. / D. oneA 29. No news _ good news.A. isB. areC. haveD. hasB30. Maths s

36、till _ very difficult for me, though I have done my best.A. looksB. seemsC. isD. areD31. “Where _ my trousers?” the boy asked.A. is B. was C. were D. areC32. How happy they are! Obviously, they are _.A. in nice spiritsB. in nice spiritC. in high spiritsD. in high spiritA33. I saw many _ seated in th

37、e corner reading something. A. JapaneseB. JapanesesC. of JapaneseD. of JapanesesB34. Father went to his doctor for _ about his heart trouble.A. an adviceB. adviceC. advicesD. the advicesB35. _ are made of _.A. A glass, a glassB. Glasses, glassC. The glass, the glassD. Glasses, glassesB36. There are

38、two _ in our class.A. Liu B. Lius C. Lius D. LiusD37. They are _.A. mathematics studentB. mathematic studentsC. students in mathematicsD. mathematics studentsC38. This letter was sent by _.A. my father friendB. my father friends C. a friend of my fathers D. a friend of my fatherD39. Ten years had pa

39、ssed. I found she had _.A. a little white hair B. some white hairC. a few white hair D. a few white hairsA40. I have made _ with Billy.A. friends B. friend C. a friend D. the friendB 41. You must get there within half an hour. There should be no_ in sending the blood to the dying man.A. wait B. dela

40、y C. time D. HurryC42. Helen said she would like to go to Atlanta by air, but I wonder if she has enough money to pay for the_ .A. travel B. tourism C. journey D. courseD43. When you play football, what _do you play?A. situationB. placeC. part D. position D44. We all know that_speak louder than word

41、s.A. movements B. performances C. operationsD. actionsC45.We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into _.A. factB. reality C. practice D. deed A46.Heres my card. Lets keep in _. A. touch B. relationC. connection D. friendshipC47.Ill look into the matter as soon as possible , just have a l

42、ittle _.A. wait B. time C. patienceD. restA48.If by any chance someone comes to see me, ask them to leave a _.A. message B. letter C. sentence D. noticeC49.Youll find this map of great _in helping you to get round London. A. price B. cost C. value D. usefulnessA50.My parents always let me have my ow

43、n _of living. A. way B. methodC. manner D. fashion四、初中词汇复习I.单词拼写 根据句意及所给中文提示或英文解释，写出句中所缺单词。1. I cant afford (买得起) to go to the 2010 World Cup. 2. The tourists had no choice but to wait for the next bus.3. Tom is a humo(u)rous (a good sense of humour) boy, so everyone likes him.4.Sometimes deep（深厚的）

44、feelings are hard to put into words.5.Mr Wang was busy,but he insisted（坚持） on seeing me off at the airport.6.Will you join us in the discussion（讨论）about the teenage problems.7.You can cross the road in_ safety（安全）when the traffic lights turn green.8.In the morning taking a walk and breathing（呼吸）some fresh air are good for your health.9. Its a good habit to brush our teeth twice a day.10. We need eleven players (play) for our soccer team.11. What a sunny (sun) day it i