定语从句讲解

1、 The Attributive Clause 定语从句定语从句 一个一个美丽的美丽的女孩女孩 a beautiful girlbeautiful（形容词作前置定语）（形容词作前置定语） 一个一个穿白色衣服的穿白色衣服的女孩女孩 a girl in whitein white（介词短语作后置定语）（介词短语作后置定语） 一个一个正唱歌的正唱歌的女孩女孩 a girl is singing who is singing （定语从句，修饰或限定名词（定语从句，修饰或限定名词 girl） 定语定语是句子成分之一，可以由单词、短语或从句担是句子成分之一，可以由单词、短语或从句担 当，当，对名（代）词修

2、饰和限制对名（代）词修饰和限制。常有。常有形容词形容词充当，充当， （另外名词、数词、非谓语动词（短语）、介词短（另外名词、数词、非谓语动词（短语）、介词短 语也可以担当定语。）语也可以担当定语。）且且单个词单个词作定语一般前置，作定语一般前置， 短语和从句短语和从句作定语常后置，翻译成作定语常后置，翻译成“的的 the tall the strong the clever boy The boy who is tall The boy who is strong The boy who is clever apple the red the green the small the big T

3、he apple which is red The apple which is green The apple which is small The apple which is big 定语从句是用于修饰名词或代词的从句定语从句是用于修饰名词或代词的从句 定语从句定语从句 的分类的分类 ： A 限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 B非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 定语从句定语从句=先行词先行词+关系词关系词+从句从句 1.被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做“先行词” 2.引导定语从句的词叫“关系词”。 关系词：A关系代词 whowho, whomwhom, whosewhose, thattha

4、t, whichwhich B关系副词 whenwhen, wherewhere, whywhy =（介词+ 关系代词 ） lThe boy who is reading is Tom. 先行词 the boy 关系代词 who lHospital is a place where a doctor works. 先行词 a place 关系副词 where 先行词和关系词的关系先行词和关系词的关系 1. A plane is a machine that can fly. the machine=that 2. The boy who broke the window is called T

5、om. the boy=who 关系代词实际是先行词的复指关系代词实际是先行词的复指 3. The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather. the boys =whose 关系代词关系代词whose 实际上是实际上是 先行词的所有格先行词的所有格 4. The school where I study is far from my home. in the school =where 关系副词实际上是介词加关系副词实际上是介词加 先行词先行词 关系词判关系词判 断断 步步 骤骤 : l 首先，要看先行词。首先，

6、要看先行词。 如果先行词是如果先行词是指人指人,关系代词关系代词 可用可用 who,that,whom,whose。如果先行词。如果先行词指物指物,关关 系代词可用系代词可用which,that或或whose v 然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表。请看下表 先行先行 词词 作主语作主语 作宾语作宾语 作定语作定语 人人who,thatwho(m),that whose 物物which,that which,thatwhose 关系代词关系代词 的用法的用法 l Who指人指人，在定语从句中作主语。，在定语从句中作主语。 The boy who is s

7、tanding there is my cousin. l whom指人指人，在定语从句中作宾语（可省）。，在定语从句中作宾语（可省）。 The man (whom) you met yesterday is Mr. Smith Whose(=of whom+the+n the+n whom; of which+n, the+n+of which)指人或指物指人或指物，作定语。，作定语。 Do you know the boy whose father (the father of whom/ of whom the father) is an engineer. He lives in a

8、house whose windows (the window of which/ of which the window) faces south. 关系代词关系代词 的用法的用法 that 指人或指物指人或指物，作主语、宾语（可省），作主语、宾语（可省） I dont know about the man (that) you mentioned. A plane is a machine that can fly. which 指物指物，作主语、宾语（可省），作主语、宾语（可省） The pen (which) my uncle gave me is missing. Children

9、like to read books which have wonderful pictures 1. I have a friend _ likes listening to classical music. who/that which/that whose3. The man _ leg broke in a match used to be a football player. 2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _ I gave her. 4. The boy with _ John spoke is my brother. wh

10、om 4. My parents live in a house_ is more than 100 years old. 5. The boy with _ John spoke is my brother. which/that whom 6. Kevin is reading a book _ is too difficult for him. which/that 关系副词的用法关系副词的用法 when (=in/on/at+ which)修饰表示修饰表示时间时间的名词，的名词， 在定从句中作在定从句中作状语状语。 Ill never forget the day when (on w

11、hich ) I joined the Party. where (=in/on/at+ which)修饰表示修饰表示地点地点的名词，的名词， 在定从句中作在定从句中作状语状语。 The factory where (in which) my father works is in the east of the city. 关系副词的用法关系副词的用法 why (=for+ which )修饰表示修饰表示原因原因(reason)的名的名 词，在定从句中作状语。词，在定从句中作状语。 None of us know the reason why ( for which) Tom was abse

12、nt from the meeting. l先行词是物时，在下列情况中，关系代词只用that， 而不用which。 当先行词是不定代词当先行词是不定代词 all, little, much, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one时。 Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself? You should hand in all that you have. 当先行词前面用当先行词前面用only, any, few, little, no, all, very

13、等修饰时。等修饰时。 This is the very book that Im looking for. The only thing that you can do is to give you some money. 先行词是物时，在下列情况中，关系代词先行词是物时，在下列情况中，关系代词 只用只用that，而不用，而不用which。 当先行词是形容词最高级或它前面有形容词最高当先行词是形容词最高级或它前面有形容词最高 级时。级时。 This is the best that has been used against pollution. This is the most intere

14、sting film that Ive ever seen? 当先行词是序数词时或前面有一个序数词时。当先行词是序数词时或前面有一个序数词时。 The train is the last that will go to the Suzhou. What is the first American film that you have seen? 只用只用that，而不用，而不用which 当先行词既有人又有物时。 Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? 当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。 Which is the bike that you lost? Who is the b